Apistogram Ramirezi (Latin Mikrogeophagus ramirezi) kapena butterfly cichlid (chromis butterfly) ndi nsomba yaying'ono, yokongola, yamtendere ya aquarium, yomwe ili ndi mayina osiyanasiyana.
Ngakhale idapezeka patatha zaka 30 kuposa wachibale wake, gulugufe wa ku Bolivia (Mikrogeophagus altispinosus), ndiye apistogram ya Ramirezi yomwe tsopano ikudziwika kwambiri ndikugulitsidwa kwambiri.
Ngakhale ma cichlids onsewa ndi ochepa, gulugufeyu ndi wocheperako kuposa wa ku Bolivia ndipo amakula mpaka 5 cm, mwachilengedwe amakhala wokulirapo pang'ono, pafupifupi 7 cm.
Kukhala m'chilengedwe
Chovala cha Ramirezi chachichlid apistogram chidafotokozedwa koyamba mu 1948. Poyamba, dzina lake lasayansi linali Paplilochromis ramirezi ndi Apistogramma ramirezi, koma mu 1998 adasandulikanso Mikrogeophagus ramirezi, ndipo ndikowona kuyitcha kuti Ramirezi microgeophagus, koma tisiya dzina lofala kwambiri.
Amakhala ku South America, ndipo amakhulupirira kuti kwawo ndi ku Amazon. Koma izi sizowona kwathunthu, sizimapezeka ku Amazon, koma ndizofala m'chigwa chake, m'mitsinje ndi mitsinje yomwe imadyetsa mtsinje waukuluwu. Amakhala mumtsinje wa Orinoco ku Venezuela ndi ku Colombia.
Amakonda nyanja ndi mayiwe omwe ali ndi madzi osunthika, kapena mphepo yamtendere, pomwe pali mchenga kapena matope pansi, ndi zomera zambiri. Amadyetsa pofukula pansi posaka chakudya chazomera ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono. Amadyetsanso m'mbali yamadzi ndipo nthawi zina kuchokera pamwamba.
Kufotokozera
Gulugufe chromis ndi kaikiki kaling'ono kakang'ono, kowala kwambiri kamene kali ndi thupi lozungulira komanso zipsepse zapamwamba. Amuna amakhala ndi mkoko wakuthwa kwambiri ndipo amakhala akulu kuposa akazi, mpaka 5 cm kutalika.
Ngakhale m'chilengedwe gulugufe amakula mpaka masentimita 7. Ndi chisamaliro chabwino, chiyembekezo chokhala ndi moyo chimakhala pafupifupi zaka 4, zomwe sizochuluka, koma kwa nsomba zazing'ono ngati izi sizoyipa.
Mtundu wa nsombayi ndi wowala kwambiri komanso wokongola. Maso ofiira, mutu wachikaso, thupi lonyezimira labuluu ndi lofiirira, komanso malo akuda pathupi ndi zipsepse zowala. Mitundu ina yosiyanasiyana - golide, buluu wamagetsi, maalubino, chophimba.
Dziwani kuti nthawi zambiri mitundu yowala ngati imeneyi ndi zotsatira za kuwonjezera kwa utoto wa mankhwala kapena mahomoni ku chakudya. Ndipo mwa kupeza nsomba zoterezi, mumakhala pachiwopsezo chotaya msanga.
Koma mu izi kusiyanasiyana kwake sikutha, kumatchedwanso mosiyanasiyana: apistogram ya Ramirezi, gulugufe wa Ramirez, gulugufe wa chromis, cichlid wa gulugufe ndi ena. Mitundu yotere imasokoneza akatswiri, koma kwenikweni tikulankhula za nsomba yomweyo, yomwe nthawi zina imakhala ndi mtundu wina kapena mawonekedwe amthupi.
Monga kusiyanasiyana uku, monga magetsi abuluu neon kapena golide, zotsatira za kugonana pachibale ndi kuchepa kwa nsomba pang'onopang'ono chifukwa chodutsa intrageneric. Kuphatikiza pa kukongola, mitundu yatsopano, yowala imalandiranso chitetezo chofooka komanso chizolowezi chamatenda.
Ogulitsanso amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito mahomoni ndi jakisoni kuti nsomba zizioneka zokongola asanagulitse. Chifukwa chake, ngati mukukonzekera kuti mugule cichlid ya gulugufe, sankhani kwa wogulitsa yemwe mumamudziwa kuti nsomba zanu zisafe kapena zisanduke mawonekedwe ake otuwa pakapita kanthawi.
Zovuta pakukhutira
Gulugufe amadziwika kuti ndi imodzi mwamasamba abwino kwambiri kwa iwo omwe asankha kuyeserera mitundu iyi. Ndi wocheperako, wamtendere, wowala kwambiri, amadya zakudya zamitundumitundu.
Gulugufe safunikira magawo amadzi ndipo amasintha bwino, koma amakhudzidwa ndikusintha kwadzidzidzi kwa magawo. Ngakhale ndizosavuta kuswana, kulera mwachangu ndizovuta.
Ndipo pali nsomba zambiri zofooka, zomwe zimatha kufa zitangogulidwa, kapena patatha chaka chimodzi. Zikuwoneka kuti zimakhudza kuti magazi sanasinthidwe kwanthawi yayitali ndipo nsomba zafooka. Kapenanso kuti amakula m'minda ku Asia, komwe amasungidwa kutentha kwakukulu kwa 30 ° C, komanso madzi amvula, zimakhudza.
Gulugufe wa Chromis sakhala wankhanza kwambiri kuposa ma cichlids ena, komanso amavutikira kusunga komanso kusakhazikika. Ramirezi ndi wamtendere kwambiri, ndiye kuti ndi amodzi mwa ma cichlids ochepa omwe amatha kusungidwa mumchere wa aquarium ngakhale ndi nsomba zazing'ono ngati ma neon kapena ma guppies.
Ngakhale atha kuwonetsa zisonyezo zowopsa, amatha kuwopsa kuposa kuwukira kwenikweni. Ndipo izi zimachitika kokha ngati wina alowa m'gawo lawo.
Kudyetsa
Ichi ndi nsomba yopatsa chidwi, mwachilengedwe imadyetsa zinthu zazomera ndi zamoyo zingapo zazing'ono zomwe zimapeza pansi.
Mu aquarium, amadya zakudya zamtundu uliwonse komanso zowuma - ma virus a magazi, tubifex, corotra, brine shrimp. Anthu ena amadya ma flakes ndi granules, nthawi zambiri samakhala ofunitsitsa.
Muyenera kumudyetsa kawiri kapena katatu patsiku, pang'ono pang'ono. Popeza nsombayo ndi yamanyazi, ndikofunikira kuti ikhale ndi nthawi yodyera anansi awo okondana kwambiri.
Kusunga mu aquarium
Akulimbikitsidwa voliyumu yam'madzi kuti musunge malita 70. Amakonda madzi oyera osatuluka komanso mpweya wokwanira.
Kusintha kwa madzi sabata iliyonse komanso kuponyera nthaka ndikofunikira, popeza nsombazo zimasungidwa pansi, kuchuluka kwa ammonia ndi nitrate m'nthaka kudzawakhudza poyamba.
Ndikofunika kuyesa kuchuluka kwa ammonia m'madzi sabata iliyonse. Fyuluta imatha kukhala yamkati kapena yakunja, yotsatirayo ikukondedwa.
Ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito mchenga kapena miyala yoyera ngati dothi, chifukwa agulugufe amakonda kukumba. Lembani ma aquarium pamtsinje wawo waku South America. Mchenga, malo obisalapo ambiri, miphika, mitengo yolowerera, ndi tchire lakuda.
Masamba ogwa amitengo akhoza kuyikidwa pansi kuti apange chilengedwe chofanana ndi chilengedwe.
Nsomba sizimakonda kuwala kowala, ndipo ndi bwino kulola zomera zoyandama pamwamba pa mitunduyo.
Tsopano amasintha bwino magawo amadzi am'madera omwe amakhala, koma adzakhala abwino: kutentha kwa madzi 24-28C, ph: 6.0-7.5, 6-14 dGH.
Kugwirizana ndi nsomba zina
Gulugufe amatha kusungidwa m'nyanja yamadzi wamba, yokhala ndi nsomba zamtendere komanso zapakatikati. Pokha, amagwirizana ndi nsomba iliyonse, koma zazikulu zimatha kumukhumudwitsa.
Anthu oyandikana nawo amatha kukhala awiriwa: ma guppies, malupanga, ma plati ndi mollies, ndi ma haracin osiyanasiyana: ma neon, neon ofiira, rhodostomuses, rasbora, erythrozones.
Ponena za zolemba za Ramirezi zokhala ndi nkhanu, ndizochepa, koma kichlid. Ndipo, ngati sakhudza nkhanu yayikulu, ndiye kuti chinthuchi amachiwona ngati chakudya.
Gulugufe wa ramireza amatha kukhala yekha kapena awiriawiri. Ngati mukufuna kukhala ndi awiriawiri angapo, ndiye kuti aquarium iyenera kukhala yotakasuka ndikukhala ndi pogona, popeza nsomba, monga ma cichlids onse, ndimadela.
Mwa njira, ngati mwagula peyala, sizitanthauza kuti apanga. Monga lamulo, ana khumi ndi awiri amagulidwa kuti aswane, kuwalola kuti asankhe mnzawo.
Kusiyana kogonana
Mzimayi kuchokera kwa wamwamuna mu apistogram ya Ramirezi akhoza kusiyanitsidwa ndi mimba yowala, ali ndi lalanje kapena wofiira.
Wamphongo ndi wokulirapo ndipo amakhala ndi msonga wakuthwa wakuthwa.
Kuswana
Mwachilengedwe, nsomba zimapanga gulu lokhazikika ndipo zimaikira mazira 150-200 nthawi imodzi.
Kuti achite mwachangu mu aquarium, monga lamulo, amagula mwachangu 6-10 ndikuwalera limodzi, kenako amadzisankhira bwenzi. Ngati mutagula amuna ndi akazi okhaokha, ndiye kuti sizotsimikizika kuti apanga awiri ndipo kubereka kuyambika.
Agulugufe a Chromis amakonda kuikira mazira pamiyala yosalala kapena pamasamba otambalala, madzulo kutentha kwa 25 - 28 ° C.
Amafunikiranso ngodya yabata komanso yopanda phokoso kuti pasakhale wina wowasokoneza, chifukwa amatha kudya caviar atapanikizika. Ngati banjali molimbikira akupitilizabe kudya mazira atangobereka, ndiye kuti mutha kuchotsa makolo ndikuyesa kudzaza nokha.
Banja lomwe limapangidwa limakhala nthawi yayitali likuyeretsa miyala yomwe idasankhidwayo asanaikemo mazirawo. Kenako chachikazi chimatengera mazira a lalanje 150-200, ndipo chachimuna chimawapatsa feteleza.
Makolo amayang'anira mazira pamodzi ndikuwaphatika ndi zipsepse. Ndi okongola kwambiri panthawiyi.
Pafupifupi maola 60 atabereka, mboziyo imaswa, ndipo patatha masiku angapo mwachangu amasambira. Mzimayi amasunthira mwachangu kumalo ena obisika, koma zitha kuchitika kuti wamwamuna wayamba kumuukira, kenako amayikidwa.
Ma peyala ena amagawika mwachangu m'magulu awiri, koma monga wamwamuna amasamalira gulu lonse la mwachangu. Akangosambira, yaimuna imawatenga pakamwa, "yeretsani", kenako imalavulira.
Ndizoseketsa kwambiri kuwona momwe yamphongo yonyezimira imatenga mwachangu kenako ndikuitsuka mkamwa, kenako nkuwalavulira kunja. Nthawi zina amakumba dzenje lalikulu ana ake omwe akukula ndikuwasunga pamenepo.
Mwamsanga pamene yolk sac ya mwachangu yasungunuka ndipo amasambira, ndi nthawi yoyamba kuwadyetsa. Chakudya choyambira - microworm, infusoria kapena dzira yolk.
Artemia nauplii imatha kusinthidwa pakatha sabata limodzi, ngakhale akatswiri ena amadyetsa kuyambira tsiku loyamba.
Zovuta zakulera mwachangu ndikuti amazindikira magawo amadzi ndipo ndikofunikira kuti madzi azikhala okhazikika komanso oyera. Kusintha kwa madzi kumayenera kuchitika tsiku lililonse, koma osapitilira 10%, chifukwa zikuluzikulu zimakhala zovuta.
Pakatha pafupifupi masabata atatu, yamphongo imasiya kuyang'anira mwachangu ndipo iyenera kuchotsedwa. Kuyambira pano, kusintha kwamadzi kumatha kukwezedwa mpaka 30%, ndipo muyenera kusintha kuti madzi adutse kudzera mu osmosis.
