Makhalidwe ndi malo okhala salamander
Zamatsenga - ndi amphibiya, anthu ankachita mantha m'nthawi zakale. Iwo analemba zikhulupiriro zabodza zokhudza iye, ndipo adanena kuti ali ndi luso lachinsinsi. Izi makamaka chifukwa cha kawopsedwe kake ndi mtundu wodabwitsa. Ngati mumasulira dzina lake kuchokera mchinenero cha Aperisi, zidzapezeka - "kuyaka kuchokera mkati."
Zamatsenga onetsani gulu la nyama amphibians, ngakhale amawoneka ngati buluzi, sayenera kusokonezeka. Omalizawa ndi zokwawa. Thupi la nthumwi za amphibians ndi zazing'ono, ndipo zimadutsa mchira bwino. Miyeso imakhala pakati pa masentimita 5-180. Khungu limakhala lonyowa komanso losalala mpaka kukhudza.
Makina omwe mitundu yosiyanasiyana yajambulidwa opulumutsa, yopanda malire, imatha kuwonedwa pagulu chithunzi awa nyama... Amphibian akhoza kukhala wakuda, wachikaso, azitona, wofiira ndi mithunzi ina. Ndipo msana wake umakongoletsedwa ndi mikwingwirima, madontho ndi mabanga amitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Salamanders ali ndi miyendo yayifupi komanso yolimba. Pa miyendo yakutsogolo pali zala 4, ndipo kumbuyo - 5. Zikhadabo palibe. Pamutu pake pamakhala potupa, maso akuda okhala ndi zikope zopitilira patsogolo.
Palinso zopangitsa (parotitis), zomwe ndi chikhalidwe cha amphibians onse. Kenako amapanga chinsinsi chakupha chomwe chimayambitsa kugwedezeka ndi kufooka kwa nyama zomwe zikufuna kuzidya. Amphibiya awa ali ndi katundu wodabwitsa: amatha kukula miyendo kapena mchira wawo wotayika. Pakusintha, gululi lidagawika m'mapapu, hibernation komanso salamanders enieni.
Ali ndi dongosolo lina la kupuma. Mapapu amapuma kudzera pakhungu komanso pakamwa. Gills amagwiritsa ntchito mitsempha, ndipo omalizirayo ali ndi mapapu athunthu. Ma Salamanders amakhala pafupifupi m'maiko onse, okhala ndi nyengo yotentha komanso yachinyezi yoyenera iwo. Koma mitundu yawo yosiyanasiyana kwambiri imapezeka ku North America.
Mitundu ya Salamander
Fotokozani mitundu yonse ya izo nyama sikutheka m'nkhani imodzi, chifukwa chake, oimira gulu lachilendo kwambiri aperekedwa pansipa opulumutsa... Wamphibiya wamkulu padziko lapansi ndi salamander wamkulu waku China. Mutha kukumana naye m'madzi okha mdziko lino. Imafika kutalika kwa 180 cm ndipo imalemera 70 kg.
Kujambula ndi salamander wamkulu waku China
Njira yachilendo yosakira mitundu yotsatira - salamander wa ku Lusitania. Iye, ngati chule, amagwira nyama ndi lilime lake. Mtundu wa thupi lake ndi wakuda, wokhala ndi mikwingwirima iwiri yopapatiza yagolide yomwe ikuyenda mmbali mwake. Amakhala ku Spain ndi Portugal.
Lusitanian salamander pachithunzichi
Alpine salamander amakhala m'mapiri, amakhala pakati pa miyala, pafupi ndi mitsinje yamapiri. Mtengowu umayenda movutikira mumtengo wake, umadumpha m'mphepete mwa nthambi zake ndikumafuula mokweza. Mtundu wake umabisa: kuwala kofiirira kapena kofiirira. Amakhala ku Mexico ndi boma la California.
Alpine salamander
Wosangalatsa kwambiri wam'masika amakhala ku USA ndi Canada. Amatha kuikira mazira opitilira 130 nthawi imodzi, ndikosavuta kumuzindikira ndi mtundu wake wofiira wokhala ndi mawanga ang'onoang'ono amdima.
Zokongoletsa masika
Wotchuka kwambiri wa opulumutsa - ndi yamoto... Kuphatikiza apo, ndiyenso ngwazi yokhazikika m'gulu lake - zaka 50. Ali ndi utoto wowala: wakuda ndi lalanje. Amapewa madzi, ndipo amatsikira kwa iye yekha panthawi yoswana. Yatsani chithunzi mutha kuwona kukongola konse moto salamander.
Pachithunzicho pali chowotcha moto
Mu Carpathians, mutha kupeza nthumwi yoopsa kwambiri pagululi - Alpine wakuda wakuda. Amphibiwa amakhala m'magulu a m'mphepete mwa miyala komanso m'nkhalango zonyowa. Poizoni wawo amayambitsa zilonda zam'mimba mwa anthu.
Chikhalidwe ndi moyo wa salamander
Ma Salamanders, ngakhale ali okha, amasonkhana m'magulu asanagone, mu Okutobala. Pofuna kupulumuka limodzi nyengo yovutayi kwa iwo pamtunda, pamulu wa masamba akugwa. Amasaka makamaka usiku, masana amabisala m'malo obisalako chifukwa cha kunyezimira kwa dzuwa. Monga lamulo, payenera kukhala madzi pafupi ndi malo awo okhala.
Amagwira nyama ija ndi chikoti chakuthwa, ndikuphimba ndi matupi awo. Pambuyo polimbana kwakanthawi, wovutitsidwayo amezedwa kwathunthu. Adani achilengedwe opulumutsa zambiri kuti apulumutsidwe, nyama imasiya mchira wake kapena miyendo m'makhola ndi mano, ndipo imathawa mwachangu.
Ngakhale awa ndi amphibians komanso owopsa, koma chinsinsi chawo sichimayambitsa kuvulaza anthu. Zitha kungoyambitsa mkwiyo m'manja, ndipo zikafika pachimake, zimatentha pakamwa kapena m'maso. Chifukwa chake, mutakhudza amphibian, ndikofunikira kusamba m'manja kuti musadzipweteke chifukwa chosasamala.
Lero anthu ambiri akufuna kusunga nthano iyi ya amphibian kunyumba. Gulani moto salamander mungathe kuzipinda zapadera kapena m'masitolo ogulitsa ziweto. Adzafunika terrarium yayikulu yopingasa kuti akhalemo. Osakaniza masamba, sphagnum ndi peat nthawi zambiri amathiridwa pansi pake. Mosungira pang'ono amakonzedwa mkati. Kuunikira kuyenera kuchepa, ndipo kutentha sikuyenera kupitirira madigiri 25.
Chakudya cha salamander
Zakudya za salamander zimadalira kwambiri malo ake. Amphibians omwe amakhala kumtunda kusaka akangaude, cicadas, agulugufe, slugs ndi mavenda. Oimira akuluakulu amatha kuwononga chule kapena kachilombo kakang'ono. Salamanders omwe amakhala m'madzi amakonda nsomba, nkhanu, nkhanu, molluscs ndi amphibians.
Kubereka komanso kutalika kwa moyo wa salamander
Pafupifupi, salamanders amakhala zaka pafupifupi 20, nthawi yake imadalira kukula kwa mtunduwo. Mitundu yaying'ono imakula msinkhu wa zaka zitatu, ndipo yayikulu ikadakwanitsa zaka 5. Zobisalira zobisika zimayikira mazira, ndipo ma salamanders enieni amakhala amtundu wa viviparous kapena ovoviviparous.
Amphibians amaswana chaka chonse, koma pachimake pa ntchito zimawonedwa mchaka, atangobwera kumene. Munthawi imeneyi, chotupa chamwamuna chimafufuma, chodzazidwa ndi spermatophore. Amaziyika pansi pomwepo, ndipo chachikazi chimatengera izi kudzera mu cloaca. M'malo am'madzi, umuna umachitika mosiyana: wamwamuna amatulutsa spermatophore molunjika kumazira oyikira.
Mu viviparous mphutsi chitukuko kumatenga miyezi 10-12 m'mimba. Koma mwa mazira 60, ndi ana awiri okha omwe amabadwa, mazira otsalawo ndi chakudya chawo. Mphutsi zam'madzi zam'madzi zimaswa pambuyo pa miyezi iwiri. Ndipo amabadwa ndi mitsempha yopangidwa kale.
Mbalame yamtengo wapatali imamangirira mazira ake ku mizu ya zomera zam'madzi. Mphutsi zimatuluka pakatha miyezi iwiri, ndipo pambuyo pa zina zitatu, achinyamata amabwera kumtunda ndikuyamba moyo wodziyimira pawokha.
Mitundu yambiri yazinyama zodabwitsa izi zalembedwa pamasamba a Red Book, ndipo zatsala pang'ono kutha. Anthu amayesetsa kwambiri kuteteza mitunduyi: imapanga malo odyetsera ndi malo osungira.
