Mwa nyama, pali anthu ambiri omwe amatha kudzitama kuti amatha kubisala. Koma, kuti akhale osawoneka kwathunthu komanso osawoneka, ndi ochepa okha omwe amachita bwino. Kutha kwapadera kotere komwe mbalame yaying'ono ili nayo, grosbeak.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe a Gubonos
Achibale oyandikira kwambiri a mbalame ya grosbeak ndi mpheta, magolide, mapiko, zikopa zamphongo, zopingasa ndi ma linnet. Kukula kwakukulu kwa mbalame yayikulu sikuposa masentimita 20, pomwe mapiko oyendetsa ndege amakhala kuyambira 30 mpaka 33 cm. Ubwino waukulu wa mbalame yaying'ono iyi ndi mulomo wake. Ndi chifukwa cha milomo yayikulu kwambiri, grosbeak, yomwe idadziwika ndi dzina.
Wamkulu mwamuna grosbeak ili ndi nthenga zokongola, zofiirira zokhala ndi zofiira, zomwe zimayikidwa ndi malo akuda pakhosi pake. Mapikowo ndi akuda, okhala ndi mzere woyera woyera, mchira ulinso ndi mtundu wakuda. Umu ndi momwe wamkulu amawonekera. grosbeak pachithunzicho.
Mbalame ya Dubonos
Mkazi wa Grosbeak, osati yowala, koma imakhala ndi zigamba zoyera pambali ndi pamutu. Mbalamezi zimakhala zokongola kwambiri mchaka, kenako zimakhala ndi mitundu yambiri komanso yachilendo.
Ngakhale grosbeak ndi mbalame yanyimbo, siyingayimbe mwachindunji mawuwa. M'malo modzikongoletsa, mbalameyi imalira mosasangalatsa, kwinakwake kofanana ndi kupera kwa chitsulo. Kuimba koteroko ndi kwakanthawi kwambiri, ndipo m'nyengo yokha yoswana m'pamene mumatha kumva kutalika kwa mbalamezi.
Ndipo, mbalame yamtunduwu imadziwika kuti ndi yaulesi komanso yopanda tanthauzo, chifukwa imatha kukhala m'malo amodzi osasuntha kwa maola angapo motsatira. Chifukwa chake, m'nthano zakale zakale, a Gubonos amatchedwa wafilosofi komanso woganiza bwino.
Mbalame ya Dubonos ochenjera kwambiri komanso osamala. Ndizosatheka kutsatira mwana uyu kuthengo, chifukwa, pachiwopsezo chochepa, grosbeak imazimiririka. Ndipo, monga tikudziwira kale, mbalameyi imatha kudzibisa.
Kunyumba, grosbeak imayamba mizu mwachangu. Koma kupatula mawonekedwe ake okongola, mbalameyo siyingasangalatse mwini wake ndi china chilichonse. Chifukwa chake, muyenera kuganizira kokwanira nthawi 100 musanayambe chiweto chotere. Zowonadi, kuthengo, amakhala momasuka kwambiri.
Mitundu
Mbalame yayikuluyo ili ndi gawo lokwanira kugawa. Chifukwa chake, palinso mitundu ingapo ya mbalame yaying'ono iyi. Chofala kwambiri mwa izi ndi wamba grosbeak... Ndi mbalameyi yomwe imakhala mwamphamvu kwambiri m'zinyama mdziko lathu.
Grosbeak wamba
Palinso mitundu ya ma gannet monga imvi wobiriwira, mutu wawukulu wakuda, wokhala makamaka m'malo otentha, ndi mitu yaying'ono yakuda, yomwe imapezeka kwambiri m'dera la Amur ndi Primorsky Territory.
Madzulo grosbeak, mbalame za kutsidya kwa nyanja. Malo okhala mbalame zokongola komanso zokongola ndi Canada, USA ndi Mexico. Mtundu wa nthenga za mbalameyi umasiyanasiyana, kuyambira chikaso chowala mpaka bulauni. Kwa moyo wake, grosbeak yamadzulo imasankha makamaka mapiri okhala ndi nkhalango zowirira komanso zosakanikirana.
Madzulo grosbeak
Kudandaula mungapezeke m'nkhalango zam'mapiri ndi kumapiri a Guatemala, Mexico ndi Central America. Nthenga za mbalameyi ndizowala, mitundu yake yayikulu ndi yachikaso komanso yakuda.
Grosbeak yokhala
Phiri, kapena juniper grosbeak, ofala kwambiri kumapiri a Central ndi Central Asia. Mbalameyi imatha kukhala pamalo okwera kwambiri, chofunikira ndikuti pali nkhalango zosakanikirana kapena zotumphuka pafupi. Chakudya chachikulu cha mbalameyi ndi nthenga zowala, zachikaso-bulauni, nthawi zambiri zimakhala mbewu, zipatso zakutchire ndi zipatso.
Mpompe grosbeak
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Dubonos ikufalikira padziko lonse lapansi, koma nthumwi yoyimira mbalamezi sakonda mayiko aku Scandinavia. Mbalameyi imadziwika kuti imasamuka pang'ono. Ambiri amakonda kuuluka kumwera. Koma pali mitundu yomwe imatsalira m'nyengo yozizira m'malo omwe amakhala.
Chifukwa chake, gannos m'nyengo yozizira, nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'malo athu, makamaka kumwera kwa dzikolo. Ndipo kuchokera kumadera akumpoto, mbalame zimauluka, koma mosalephera, zimabwerera masika onse. Pali mbalame zambiri zamtunduwu zomwe zimakhala ku Crimea, komwe chilengedwe chokha chakhazikitsa malo abwino okhalamo a gubonos.
Mbalame yamanyazi komanso yochenjera iyi imasankha nkhalango zosakanikirana ndi nkhalango za oak ngati malo ake okhalamo. M'mizinda ikuluikulu: mapaki ndi mabwalo, amakonda kukhazikika m'minda, pomwe pali mitengo yambiri yazipatso ndi tchire la mabulosi.
Ndizosatheka kuyesa grosbeak pamtengo, nthawi zonse imabisala pansi pa korona wa masamba kapena chisa chokha motsutsana ndi thunthu. Koma ngati grosbeak ili pachiwopsezo, ndiye kuti nthumwi yaying'ono iyi ya mbalame iwonetsadi mawonekedwe ake olimba mtima, ndipo izitha kupereka mdani woyenera.
Woimira mbalameyu ali ndi zisa zake pamlingo wokwera komanso wokwera pamitengo, m'masamba wandiweyani, motero amadzimva kukhala wotetezeka kwathunthu. Dubonos nthawi zambiri imadalira kwambiri malo ake okhala. Ngakhale mbalameyi imakhala yosasunthika chifukwa chonyalanyaza, panthawi yomwe ikuuluka, grosbeak imachita mwanzeru komanso mwachangu kwambiri.
Kambalame kakang'ono aka, ngakhale itakhala kuti sikufunikiradi chakudya, sikamauluka mtunda wautali kuchoka pachisa chake. Gubbos sanapange luso loyankhulana ngakhale pang'ono. Nthawi yokha yomwe mbalame zimayamba kulumikizana bwino ndi nthawi yoswana. Mwina ndichifukwa chake ma grubbos nthawi zambiri komanso kwa nthawi yayitali amadzipatula okha, atakhala panthambi yamtengo ndikuganiza zina.
Zakudya zabwino
Chifukwa cha mulomo wake wamphamvu komanso kuthekera kwake kuuluka mwachangu, grosbeak sidzasiyidwa yopanda nyama. Chifukwa chake, ku funso, amadya chiyani grosbeak, mungayankhe mophweka, pafupifupi aliyense. Mlomo wa mbalameyi, womwe ndi wofanana mofanana ndi mutu, umagwira ntchito yabwino kwambiri pothyola paliponse paliponse paliponse paliponse pouma. Kaya ndi mtedza kapena khungwa la mtengo.
Chifukwa chake, mtengo wokulirapo umatha kudyetsa tizilombo tonse komanso zakudya zazomera. Mbalameyi imakonda kwambiri zipatso ndi zipatso, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala vuto lalikulu kwa wamaluwa. Matcheri kapena yamatcheri akapsa, gulu la mbalamezi limatha kuwononga mbewu zonse m'mphindi zochepa. Koma ngakhale pakati pa zakudya zabwinozi, mbalameyi ili ndi zokonda zake. Ngati zipatso za m'munda zimakopa grosbeak, ndiye phiri phulusa ndi elderberry, mbalameyi sakonda.
Dubonos amadya mpendadzuwa pa feeder
Mbalame m'moyo imakhala yochedwa, chifukwa chake, mtundu wake waukulu wosaka umachitika pa ntchentche. Zikamauluka, ma Dubonos amagwira tizilombo, timene timadya tsiku lonse.
Mbeu za mpendadzuwa, nandolo ndi chimanga zimaonedwa kuti ndizabwino kwambiri kwa mbalameyi. Sadzaphonya konse mphukira zazomera zazing'ono, inflorescence ya chitumbuwa cha mbalame, lilac ndi masamba achichepere.
Palinso kena kake kopindulitsa kuchokera ku mitengo ya grubby, chifukwa pali mbozi zambiri ndi nsikidzi zosiyanasiyana. Malinga ndi izi, titha kunena kuti grosbeak imawononga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
M'chaka, pakalibe chakudya chachikulu, ndipo tizilombo tisanawuke, grosbeak imaphedwa ndi masamba a mitengo, zitsamba ndi mbewu, momwe mumakhala zakudya zokwanira za mbalame.
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo
Masika aliwonse, grosbeak imayamba kumanga zisa zake. Chiyambi cha kukaikira mazira kumachitika mu Marichi, nyengo yotentha, atha kukhala February. Ndi mphindi ino yomwe nyengo yakumasirana imayamba ya mbalamezi, kenako, pamapeto pake, mutha kumva kuyimba.
Mverani mawu a a Gubonos:
Amuna amayamba kukondana ndi akazi omwe amawakonda. Pakusewera masewera, mbalame yamphongo imasungunula nthenga zake ndikuyamba kuvina, komwe kumakhala kudumpha mpaka kwa wamkazi, ndikupitilizabe kuuluka. Izi zimapitilira mpaka wamkazi amusonyeze kuti amamukonda ndikumupukuta pakamwa pake.
Masewera okwatirana a amuna ndi akazi nthawi yoswana
Ndi mphindi iyi pomwe ukwati wa mbalame umachitikira. Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti mbalame zazing'onozi zimadziwika chifukwa cha kudzipereka kwawo komanso kukhulupirika kwawo. Atapanga banja, amakhala limodzi moyo wawo wonse. Kenako mbalamezi zimagwirizana zigwiranagwirana, ndipo ntchito yolimba ya tsiku ndi tsiku yomanga zisa zawo imayamba, yomwe imatha mwezi wa Meyi wokha.
Zisa za mbalamezi zimakhala ndi mphika wakuya, wokwana masentimita 22 komanso kutalika kwa masentimita 10. Pansi pa chisa chimakutidwa ndi gawo lofewa lokhala ndi masamba osiyanasiyana a udzu, tsitsi ndi masamba.
Tsopano, yaikazi imatha kuyikira mazira. Clutch nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi mazira 4-6, omwe amatha kusiyanasiyana, kuyambira wachikaso mpaka chikaso chobiriwira ndimitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Mazirawo amawazidwa ndi aakazi, ndipo chachimuna chimayenera kumudyetsa ndi kumusamalira munjira iliyonse yotheka. Koma nthawi zina, chachikazi chimasiya chisa kuti chikatambasule mapiko ake ndikusaka. Pakadali pano, bambo amtsogolo amalowa m'malo mwa bwenzi lake, ndikukhala pansi kuti azitsuka zowalamulira.
Ntchito yofungatira mazira ikupitilira, pafupifupi milungu iwiri. Pambuyo pa anapiye, moyo wa makolo achichepere umasintha kwambiri. Kupatula apo, ana olimba mtima amakhala pansi pachisa kwa milungu iwiri yathunthu ndikupempha chakudya.
Chisa cha Woyendetsa Dzira
Kuti mudyetse anapiye, muyenera kusaka kwambiri ndikupeza chakudya chamoyo, chifukwa makanda amadya tizilombo tokha. Ndipo atakhwima pang'ono, azitha kulandira chakudya chochokera kuzomera.
Ndiye mwezi wa Julayi wafika. Anapiyewo adakula kale ndipo tsopano akuphunzira kuuluka ndikupeza chakudya chawo pawokha. Njira yophunzirayi imatenga pafupifupi mwezi. Pofika mu Ogasiti, mbalame zazing'ono zimatha kudziyimira pawokha ndipo sizidalira makolo awo.
Ndipo mu Seputembala, anapiyewa amakhala okonzeka kale maulendo ataliatali. Koma amakhala atakwanitsa zaka 2, ndi nthawi yomwe amakhala atatha msinkhu. Pakukweza ndi kuphunzitsa anapiye, akazi ndi abambo amatenga nawo mbali. Moyo wa mbalamezi kuthengo siutali kwambiri.
Si mbalame zonse zomwe zingathe kupulumuka zaka zisanu zapadera. Kupatula apo, zoopsa zimadikirira mbalamezi paliponse, ndipo pakauluka maulendo ataliatali, mbalame zambiri zimafa pazifukwa zomwe sangathe kuzisintha.
Grosbeak anapiye
Koma, komabe, pali zitsanzo zomwe zimatha kukhala zaka 10 ngakhale 15 kuthengo. Tsoka ilo, izi ndizosiyana ndi malamulowo, ndipo pali ma grosbeak ochepa kwambiri.
Kunyumba, mbalamezi zimatha kukhala ndi moyo wautali kuposa abale awo achilengedwe. Chifukwa cha chisamaliro choyenera komanso chakudya chokwanira, kutalika kwa nthawi yayitali ya ziwetozi kuwirikiza kawiri kapena kuwirikiza katatu.
