Alaskan Malamute ndi galu wamkulu woponyedwa miyala ku Alaska. Amakhulupirira kuti iyi ndi imodzi mwamagulu akale kwambiri agalu, opangidwa ndi mtundu wa Eskimo Malemute, poyamba ngati galu wamba, kenako ngati galu woponyedwa. Nthawi zambiri amasokonezeka ndi ma huskies aku Siberia, popeza ali ndi mitundu yofananira, koma malamute amakhala okulirapo ndipo amakhala ndi mawonekedwe opambana.
Zolemba
- Osavomerezeka kwa osadziwa zambiri, chifukwa nzeru zawo zodziyimira pawokha komanso kudziyimira pawokha zimawapangitsa kukhala kovuta kuphunzitsa ndi kuphunzira.
- Malamute amayesetsa kulamulira banja, ndipo membala aliyense ayenera kukhala wokonzeka (komanso wokhoza) kudziyika pamalo apamwamba kuposa iwo.
- Iwo amakumba mwangwiro, ndi chibadidwe mwa iwo mwachilengedwe. Izi ziyenera kuganiziridwa ngati galuyo amakhala pabwalo, chifukwa mbewu zitha kuwonongeka ndipo atha kukumba ngalande pansi pa mpanda.
- Ndi galu wamkulu, wamphamvu, wopangidwa kuti azinyamula katundu. Ngati sanaphunzitsidwe bwino komanso kunyong'onyeka, atha kusokoneza banja.
- Ndi mayanjano oyenera komanso kuleredwa, malamute amatha kuyenda bwino m'nyumba ndi agalu ndi amphaka. Koma, mumsewu, malamulowa sagwira ntchito ndipo amasaka nyama zazing'ono, kuphatikizapo amphaka oyandikana nawo.
- Sadziwa kubangula (kupatula zochepa), ndipo malaya awo amtunduwu sanapangidwe kuti azitentha.
Mbiri ya mtunduwo
Malaskute a Alaska amawerengedwa kuti ndi amodzi mwa mitundu yakale kwambiri ya agalu, omwe ndi akale kwambiri ku North America ndipo mwina amakhala nthawi yayitali kwambiri pafupi ndi anthu. Chiphunzitsochi chimathandizidwa ndi zomwe akatswiri ofukula zinthu zakale apeza zotsimikizira kuti asintha pang'ono kuyambira nthawi zakale. Kusanthula kwa DNA kwamtunduwu, komwe kunachitika mu 2004, kunatsimikizira kuti ndiye pafupi kwambiri ndi nkhandwe.
Zikuwoneka kuti makolo a malamute amakono anali mimbulu yoweta yaku East ndi Central Asia. Adabwera ku North America ndi osamuka kudutsa Bering Strait kum'mawa kwa Siberia nthawi ya Pleistocene, pafupifupi zaka 14,000 zapitazo.
Kusanthula kwa DNA kwa ma Huskies aku Siberia, Alaskan Klee-kai ndi Alaskan Malamute adawonetsa ubale wawo ndi nkhandweyo komanso wina ndi mnzake. Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu pakati pawo ndikukula, malamute ndi okulirapo, olimba kwambiri omangidwa komanso ndi mafupa olemera, kulemera kwawo kumayambira 34 mpaka 39 kg.
Pomwe mankhusu a ku Siberia ndi ochepa, apakati komanso olemera 20-27 kg. Malinga ndi zomwe akatswiri ofufuza zakale adapeza, galu wa Paleolithic amawoneka ngati wopanda pake, koma anali wokulirapo kuposa kukula kwa Malamute.
Ngakhale kulibe umboni wasayansi pankhaniyi, malamute ali ngati nkhandwe yoyamba kuweta nyama ndi munthu. Kapena, mwanjira ina, uyu ndiye galu woyamba padziko lapansi.
Monga mamembala amtunduwu, agalu kuyambira nthawi ino sakanakhoza kukhala odziwa. Moyo wamafuko a Eskimo unali ndi mayendedwe osamukira kumayiko ovuta, komanso kufunafuna chakudya.
Ankagwiritsidwa ntchito kusaka, monga alonda komanso ntchito ina iliyonse. A Eskimo sanayambe kugwiritsa ntchito agalu ngati agalu omata, analibe mwayi wotero.
Nyengo yoipa ya Alaska komanso kusowa kwa chakudya kumathandizira kwambiri pakukula kwa mtunduwo. Agalu omwe sangakhale ndi moyo munyengoyi adangosowa m'ndende, ndikusiya okhawo okhwima komanso olimba kwambiri.
Malamute a Alaska amayenera kukhala opangidwa ndi Inuit (dzina lodziwika la Aeskimo) fuko la Malemute. Atagwidwa ku Alaska kuchokera ku Siberia, adakhazikika pa Mtsinje wa Anvik. Umu ndi momwe adakhalira kwazaka mazana ambiri, kutengera momwe ama Eskimo adakhalira.
Ndipo miyezoyo inali yosavuta ndipo sinkagwirizana ndi kukongola, galu amayenera kukhala wolimba, wokhoza kusaka ndikukoka sledges ndikulekerera chisanu bwino. Chifukwa cha ntchito yosankhayi, Alaskan Malamute adabadwa. Pachikale ankagwiritsidwa ntchito kusaka, kuyang'anira osamukasamuka komanso agalu oponyedwa miyala.
Kudziwana kwa Azungu ndi agaluwa kunayamba kuyambira nthawi yolanda Siberia, koma kutchuka kwenikweni kudabwera mu 1896, pomwe kuyambika kwa golide ku Klondike kudayamba. Unyinji wa anthu omwe amafuna kupanga ndalama adatsanuliramo ndipo onse amafuna kusuntha mwachangu, zomwe sizovuta ku mpoto.
Mitengo ya agalu idakwera kwambiri, mwachitsanzo, pagulu lolipira $ 1,500 ndi $ 500 galu wabwino, kapena $ 40,000 ndi $ 13,000 masiku ano. Malamute akhala galu odula kwambiri komanso wofunidwa kwambiri m'derali.
Mitundu ina ya agalu, monga Newfoundlands ndi St. Bernards, yabwera ndi omwe adzafune golide. Anayamba kuwoloka ndi anthu akumaloko akuyembekeza kupeza agalu olimba. Komabe, popeza ma slede amtunduwu sanali oyenera ndipo ankamenyera wina ndi mnzake kuposa ma sledled.
Nthawi yomweyo, masewera othamangitsa agalu anali kukhala masewera otchuka. 1908 adawona All Alaska Sweepstakes, mpikisano wamakilomita 408. Kupambana mpikisanowu kunatanthauza kutchuka, kutchuka ndi ndalama, ndipo anthu ochokera konsekonse ku Alaska adatolera agalu pa mpikisanowu.
Koma, ngakhale anali opirira, kutha kugwira ntchito limodzi komanso kusinthasintha nyengo, ma Alaska Malamute adapambana ndi mitundu ina mwachangu. Eni ake amayembekeza kuti aziwongolera liwiro lawo powoloka ndi mitundu ing'onoing'ono ndipo panthawiyi agalu osadyedwa anali atatsala pang'ono kutha.
Pofika mu 1920, mtunduwo unali wovuta kwambiri ndipo unali pafupi kutha. Anali olimba komanso olimba, koma kuchuluka kwa agalu osapatsa nyama anali atatsika kwambiri. Kenako kagulu kakang'ono ka obereketsa kanasonkhana kuti zibwezeretse mtunduwo.
Pazaka 20 zikubwerazi, agawika mizere itatu kuti adzakhale agalu amakono. Mizere iyi ndi Kotzebue, M'Lut ndi Hinman-Irvin. Agalu onse amakono amatsika pamizere iyi ndipo ali ndi mawonekedwe amtundu umodzi.
Mtunduwo unalibe nthawi yoti achire, monga nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse idayamba, pomwe adatenga nawo gawo. Zotayika zinali zazikulu ndipo pofika 1947 panali agalu 30 okha omwe adalembetsa, koma chifukwa cha zoyesayesa za amateurs, mtunduwo unapulumutsidwa, ngakhale izi zinali zofunikira kuphwanya kuyera kwa mizere.
Masiku ano Alaskan Malamute ndi amodzi mwamitundu yotchuka yakumpoto ya agalu. Popeza idayamba ngati galu womata pakati pa mafuko a Eskimo, tsopano ndi chizindikiro chovomerezeka cha boma la Alaska, koma imagwiritsidwabe ntchito ngati chikhalidwe.
Kufotokozera
Ngakhale kuti nthawi zambiri amalakwitsa ngati wachibale wapafupi, Husky waku Siberia, Alaskan Malamute ndi agalu akulu kwambiri komanso akale kwambiri kumpoto. Amphamvu, othamanga komanso olimba, amamangidwa kuti azinyamula katundu wolemera mtunda wautali.
Kutalika kwa amuna pakufota kumafika masentimita 64, ndipo kulemera kwake ndi 39 kg, pomwe akazi amafikira 58 cm ndi 34 kg. Komabe, anthu azithunzi zazikulu ndi zazing'ono nthawi zambiri amapezeka. Mukasanthula galu, chidwi chimaperekedwa pamtundu, kuchuluka kwake, kudzikongoletsa ndi zina zomwe zingagwire ntchito osati kukula.
Mutu ndi waukulu, wotakata, molingana ndi thupi. Kuwonedwa kuchokera kutsogolo, mawonekedwe a mutu ndi mphuno ziyenera kufanana ndi nkhandwe.
Maso ndi apakatikati kukula, mawonekedwe a amondi, ngodya zakunja za maso ndizokwera kuposa zamkati. Mtundu wa diso uyenera kukhala wofiirira, maso abuluu ndi chilema choyenera.
Makutuwo ndi apakatikati kukula kwake, mawonekedwe ake amakona atatu, okhala ndi maupangiri ozungulira pang'ono, osanjikana pamutu.
Alaskan Malamute ili ndi mkanjo wakuda bii, wokhala ndi tsitsi lolimba komanso chovala chamkati. Chovalachi ncholemera, chonenepa komanso cholimba, chimapereka chitetezo chabwino. M'miyezi yotentha, chovalacho chimakhala chochepa komanso chachifupi.
Mitundu ya malaya kuyambira imvi, nkhandwe mpaka yakuda, khola ndi mithunzi yosiyanasiyana. Mtundu woyera, wolimba umaloledwa. Kuphatikiza mitundu amaloledwa mu chikhoto, zolemba ndi buluku.
Khalidwe
Agaluwa amadziwika chifukwa chaubwenzi wawo kwa anthu. Sadzapewa alendo, ndikupatsa moni aliyense ngati bwenzi lomwe layiwalika kwa nthawi yayitali.
Chikhalidwe cha Alaska Malamute sichimapangitsa kukhala koyenera kugwira ntchito yolondera, ngakhale kukula kwake ndi mawonekedwe ngati a nkhandwe zimawopseza odutsa.
Ndipo kukhala ochezeka komanso ochezeka kumatanthauza kuti sangakonde munthu m'modzi yekha.
Chifukwa china chomwe sali oyenera kutetezedwa ndi kusowa kwa kukuwa, mwachikhalidwe. Komabe, amatha kutulutsa mawu pofotokoza chisangalalo, mantha, kusungulumwa kapena chisangalalo. Amawonetsa kutengeka ndi thandizo la mawu osiyanasiyana - kukuwa, kulira, kulira. Ngakhale ochepa a iwo amatha kukuwa.
Malamute, monga Akita Inu, amakonda kunyamula zinthu mkamwa mwawo, atha ngakhale kukhala dzanja lanu. Koma, izi sizinthu zankhanza, kusafuna kuvulaza, koma mkhalidwe wabwino. Amatha kugwira dzanja lanu kuti akutsogolereni ku leash akafuna kuyenda. Ichi ndi chikhalidwe chachilengedwe chomwe sichingathetsedwe.
Malamute a Alaskan ali ndi chikumbukiro chodabwitsa, malo omwe amawatumikira m'malo ovuta ndikuwalola kuti apeze njira zawo zazing'ono kwambiri. Katunduyu amatanthauza kuti muyenera kukhala osamala kwambiri pophunzitsa.
Chithandizo choyipa, chosayenera chingapangitse kuti asamadzidalire wophunzitsayo. Chotsatira china cha malingaliro achilengedwe ndi kudziyimira pawokha, kufuna kudziganizira nokha ndikuyesa malire a zomwe zimaloledwa.
Ndikofunikira kuti eni ake azikhala okhazikika komanso olimba ndikusewera ngati mtsogoleri kapena alpha pamoyo wa galu. Ngati mwini wake sakulimbikira ndipo satenga udindo wa mwini wake, galuyo amatenga udindowo ndipo azidzalamulira nyumbayo. Izi zitsogolera kuchitira nkhanza kuloza gulu (anthu) m'malo mwawo.
Agalu omwe agwira ntchitoyi ndi ovuta kuwabwezeretsa, angafunike wophunzitsa akatswiri, kuwongolera, kapena banja latsopano, momwe eni ake angadziyike ngati wamkulu. Kuyesera kosavuta kwa eni kuti adziwe kuti ndi alpha kumabweretsa mavuto.
Malamute amathanso kumvetsetsa mwachangu komanso kutopa msanga, chifukwa chake maphunziro ayenera kukhala afupikitsa, osiyanasiyana komanso odzaza ndi zoyambitsa.
Mosiyana ndi mitundu ina, yomwe ibwereza zomwezo mobwerezabwereza, Malamute adzaleka ndikupita kuzinthu zanzeru. Nthawi zambiri amafotokozedwa kuti ndi anzeru koma amakani. Kulimbikitsidwa kwabwino, mphotho, ndi zabwino zimagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri kuposa mwamwano ndi mphamvu.
Kuyambira paunyamata kupita mtsogolo, malamulo, malire ndi zoletsa ziyenera kufotokozedwa momveka bwino ndikukakamizidwa ndi zoletsa koma zoletsa pang'ono. Makolo a agalu amenewa adasankha zoyenera kuchita ndi momwe angachitire, kulowerera mu chisanu, chipale chofewa, chimphepo chamkuntho ndipo machitidwe oterewa sangazimitsidwe popempha mwiniwake. Ndikofunika kumvetsetsa kuti Alaskan Malamute ikhoza kupita kulikonse komwe mungafune, koma simungakakamize kuti ipite kumeneko.
Ngakhale amamvetsetsa ndikuphunzira mwachangu kwambiri, nthawi zambiri amatenga kanthawi asanapereke lamulo. Odziyimira pawokha, ngati akumvetsetsa kuti gulu lanu silimveka kapena sakuwona, koma amachedwetsa kukhazikitsa, kapena osakwaniritsa konse.
Kumbukirani kuti asankhidwa kwazaka mazana ambiri ngati agalu omata, osakhoza kubwereza ntchito. Amachita bwino pamasewera, komanso zinthu zomwe zimafunikira luntha, kupirira komanso kuwongola.
Ma Smart Malamute amafunikira zochitika zomwe zimachepetsa kunyong'onyeka ndi kudzikweza. Ngati kulibe zochitika ngati izi, koma kunyong'onyeka kumakhala kowononga ndipo kunyumba kumaonekera mu mipando yolumidwa, miphika yosweka, mapepala owumbidwa.
Monga mapaketi, ayenera kukhala mamembala a paketiyo, ngati atasiyidwa okha, ali ndi nkhawa, kusungulumwa, ndipo ngati ali ndi bwalo, amayamba kukumba.
Kwa Malamute a Alaskan - "nthaka" ndi yachilengedwe, amakumba kuti azisangalala komanso kuti azizizira mdzenje. Ngati muli ndi mwayi ndipo Malamute anu amakonda kukumba, ndibwino kuti mupange kona ya izi kapena kuti mupirire nayo ndikuyiwala za kapinga wokongola, chifukwa ndizosatheka kukonza khalidweli.
Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti moyo wawo ukhale wosangalatsa, azilankhulana kwambiri, azichita masewera olimbitsa thupi, akuyenda ndikuchepetsa machitidwe owononga. Amapangidwa kuti azigwira ntchito molimbika tsiku ndi tsiku ndipo ndi anthu omwe ali ndi vuto poti alibe malo oyikirako mphamvu zawo. Eni omwe alibe mwayi woyenda, kusewera, kukweza Malamute, ndibwino kuti atembenukire ku mitundu ina.
Monga agalu onse oponyedwa miyala, Malamute amakhala bwino ndi agalu ena. Socialization iyenera kuyambitsidwa molawirira ndikudziwitsidwa za fungo, mitundu, nyama ndi anthu.
Agalu omwe sanakhazikitsidwe bwino amatha kulamulira agalu ena amtundu umodzi. Ngati sangabwerere, kumenyanako kungayambike. Ngakhale kuti ndewu zotere sizimabweretsa kuvulala koopsa kapena kufa, zimaimitsidwa mdaniwo akangonena kuti apambana.
Malamute a Alaska amasamala kwambiri ana ndipo amapeza chilankhulo chofanana nawo, chifukwa amakonda kusewera komanso kukhala achangu. Koma, awa ndi agalu akulu ndipo sayenera kusiyidwa okha, osasamaliridwa.
Monga mitundu ina ya Spitz, imatha kukhala yowopsa kwa nyama zazing'ono. Amapanga mwachilengedwe, makolo awo amasaka ndikuwongolera nyama zawo kuti apulumuke. Akamasulidwa popanda cholepheretsa chilengedwe, amasaka nyama zazing'ono, ndikuthamangitsa amphaka ndi agologolo mumzinda.
Akamagwirizana bwino pakatha masabata 6-12, malamute amatha kulandira nyama zina ngati ziwalo zonyamula. Komabe, izi sizikhudza nyama zina zakunja..
Mwachitsanzo, kunyumba amakhala ndi mphaka wanu, koma mumsewu amapha mphaka wa oyandikana nawo. Agaluwa sakuvomerezeka kunyumba komwe kuli nyama zina zazing'ono, chibadwa chosaka mwa iwo chimakhala champhamvu kuposa malingaliro.
Kuphatikiza apo, posaka, amawoneka ngati amphaka: odekha komanso ozizira, amakumbatira pansi asanakathamangire kwa wovulalayo. Eni omwe sangathe kuthana ndi khalidweli ndipo amakonda kuyendetsa galu pa leash sayenera kutengera mtunduwu.
Chisamaliro
Awa ndi agalu oyera, opanda fungo la galu. Amadzikongoletsa ngati amphaka, akuchotsa dothi kulikonse komwe angafike. Komabe, malaya awo ndi okuya, owundana, okhala ndi chovala chamkati cholimba ndipo ngati mukufuna kuwasunga m'nyumba, amafunikira chisamaliro chochepa.
Nthawi zambiri amakhetsa kawiri pachaka, nthawi yotentha malaya amafupikirako komanso sadzaza. Pakadali pano, ubweya uwu umagwera kwambiri pamipando ndi pamakapeti, ukuuluka mlengalenga. Mutha kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwake pongomanga kamodzi patsiku.
Zaumoyo
Pali kafukufuku m'modzi yekha wazamtunduwu, wopangidwa mu 2004 UK Kennel Club pagulu laling'ono la agalu 14. Nthawi yayitali ya Alaskan Malamute ndi zaka 10.7, zomwe zikufanana ndi mitundu ina yofanana. Komabe, chitsanzocho ndi chochepa kwambiri kuti chingaganiziridwe kukhala chodalirika ndipo magwero ena akuti malamute ali ndi nthawi yayitali kwambiri agalu akulu - mpaka zaka 15.
Komabe, chitsanzocho ndi chochepa kwambiri kuti chingatengedwe kukhala chodalirika ndipo magwero ena akuti Malamute ali ndi nthawi yayitali kwambiri ya agalu akulu - mpaka zaka 15.
Matenda omwe amapezeka kwambiri ndi awa: dysplasia ndi cataract.
