St. Bernard ndi mtundu waukulu wa agalu ogwira ntchito, ochokera ku Swiss Alps, komwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupulumutsa anthu. Lero iwonso ndi galu wothandizana naye, wotchuka chifukwa chakukula kwa thupi ndi moyo, wokonda komanso wofatsa.
Zolemba
- St. Bernards ndi mitundu yayikulu ndipo, ngakhale amatha kukhala m'nyumba, amafunikira malo oti atambasulirane.
- Ngati mumakonda kwambiri ukhondo ndi dongosolo, ndiye kuti mtunduwu suli wanu. Amayamwa mate ndipo amatha kudzibweretsera okha phiri lonse la dothi. Amakhetsa ndipo kukula kwake kumapangitsa kuchuluka kwa ubweya kukhala wodabwitsa.
- Ana agalu amakula pang'onopang'ono ndipo amatenga zaka zingapo kuti akhwime m'maganizo. Mpaka nthawiyo, amakhalabe ana agalu akuluakulu.
- Amakhala bwino ndi ana ndipo amakhala odekha nawo.
- St. Bernards amamangidwa kuti azikhala ozizira ndipo salola kutentha bwino.
- Palibe voti yomwe imaperekedwa popanda chifukwa.
- Monga mitundu ina yayikulu, samakhala motalika, zaka 8-10.
- Sayenera kukhala mu aviary kapena pa unyolo, chifukwa amakonda anthu komanso abale kwambiri.
Mbiri ya mtunduwo
St. Bernard ndi mtundu wakale ndipo mbiri yakuyambira kwawo idatayika m'mbiri. Zikuwoneka bwino kuyambira koyambirira kwa zaka za zana la 17th. Mwachidziwikire, pamaso pa 1600, agaluwa adasinthika kuchokera kumiyala yakomweko.
Dzina la mtunduwo limachokera ku French Chien du Saint-Bernard - galu wa St. Bernard ndipo adalandiridwa polemekeza nyumba ya amonke yomweyi, komwe adatumikira monga opulumutsa, alonda, ndi agalu olamula.
St. Bernards ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi agalu ena aku phiri aku Switzerland: Bernese Mountain Dog, Great Swiss Mountain Dog, Appenzeller Mountain Dog, Entlebucher Mountain Dog.
Chikhristu chidakhala chipembedzo chotsogola ku Europe, ndipo kukhazikitsidwa kwa nyumba za amonke kudakhudza madera akutali monga Switzerland Alps. Mmodzi wa iwo anali amonke a St. Bernard, omwe anakhazikitsidwa mu 980 ndi monk wa dongosolo la Augustinian.
Unali pamalo amodzi ofunikira kwambiri pakati pa Switzerland ndi Italy ndipo inali imodzi mwanjira zazifupi kwambiri zopita ku Germany. Lero njirayi ikutchedwa Great Saint Bernard.
Iwo omwe amafuna kuchoka ku Switzerland kupita ku Germany kapena ku Italy amayenera kudutsa kupasako kapena kuyendetsa njira kudzera ku Austria ndi France.
Nyumba ya amonke itakhazikitsidwa, njirayi idakhala yofunikira kwambiri popeza Northern Italy, Germany ndi Switzerland zidalumikizana ndikupanga Ufumu Woyera wa Roma.
Imodzi ndi nyumba ya amonke, hotelo idatsegulidwa, yomwe idatumikira omwe adadutsa njirayi. Popita nthawi, idakhala chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakupitako.
Nthawi ina, amonkewo anayamba kusunga agalu, omwe adagula kwa anthu akumaloko. Agaluwa ankadziwika kuti Mountain Dog, omwe amatanthauzira kwa galu wamba. Mtundu wangwiro wogwira ntchito, anali ndi ntchito zambiri. Ngakhale agalu onse akumapiri omwe adatsala ali amtundu wa tricolor, panthawiyo anali osinthika.
Imodzi mwa mitunduyo ndi yomwe timazindikira St. Bernard wamakono. Amonkewa adagwiritsa ntchito agaluwa chimodzimodzi monga alimi, koma mpaka pang'ono. Sizikudziwika bwinobwino pomwe adaganiza zopanga agalu awoawo, koma izi zidachitika pasanafike 1650.
Umboni woyamba wakukhalapo kwa St. Bernards ukhoza kupezeka pachithunzi cha 1695. Amakhulupirira kuti wolemba chithunzicho ndi Salvator Rosa waku Italy.
Imafotokozera agalu okhala ndi tsitsi lalifupi, mawonekedwe amutu wa St. Bernard ndi mchira wautali. Agalu amenewa ndi opusa kwambiri komanso ofanana ndi Agalu Akumapiri kuposa St. Bernards amakono.
Katswiri wodziwika bwino wa agalu akumapiri, Pulofesa Albert Heim, adawunika agalu omwe adawonetsedwa kwa zaka pafupifupi 25 za ntchito yoswana. Chifukwa chake pafupifupi deti la kupezeka kwa St. Bernards lili pakati pa 1660 ndi 1670. Ngakhale kuti manambalawa akhoza kukhala olakwika, mtunduwu ndiwoposa zaka makumi kapena mazana.
Nyumba ya amonke ya St. Bernard ili pamalo oopsa kwambiri, makamaka nthawi yozizira. Apaulendo amatha kugwidwa ndi namondwe, kusochera ndi kufa chifukwa cha kuzizira, kapena kugundidwa ndi mapiri. Pofuna kuthandiza omwe ali pamavuto, amonkewa adayamba kugwiritsa ntchito luso la agalu awo.
Adazindikira kuti St. Bernards ali ndi luso lamatsenga la chipale chofewa. Amawona kuti ndi mphatso yochokera kumwamba, koma ofufuza amakono amati luso ili ndi luso la agalu kuti amve pafupipafupi komanso mtunda wautali.
A St. Bernards adamva mkokomo wa chipolowe kapena kuwomba kwa namondwe nthawi yayitali khutu la anthu lisadagwire iwo. Amonkewa adayamba kusankha agalu omwe ali ndi luso lotere ndikupita nawo pamaulendo awo.
Pang'ono ndi pang'ono, amonkewo adazindikira kuti agalu atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupulumutsa apaulendo omwe mwangozi adakumana ndi zovuta. Sizikudziwika kuti izi zidachitika bwanji, koma, mwina, nkhaniyi idathandizira. Pambuyo pa chipwirikiti, a St. Bernards adatengedwa kupita ku gulu la opulumutsa kuti akathandize kupeza omwe adayikidwa pansi pa chipale chofewa kapena otayika.
Amonkewo anamvetsetsa momwe izi zimathandizira pakagwa mwadzidzidzi. Miyendo yakutsogolo yamphamvu ya St. Bernard imalola kuti iwononge chisanu mwachangu kuposa fosholo, kumasula wovulalayo kwakanthawi kochepa. Kumva - kuteteza chiwopsezo, ndikumva kununkhira kuti mupeze munthu mwa fungo. Ndipo amonke amayamba kuswana agalu kokha chifukwa chokhoza kupulumutsa anthu.
Nthawi ina, magulu a amuna awiri kapena atatu amayamba kugwira ntchito pa Great Saint Bernard pawokha. Amonkewa sanalole kuwaluma, chifukwa amaganiza kuti olondawo awatopetsa. Gululi likuyenda m'njira ndipo limalekanitsidwa pakagwa vuto.
Galu m'modzi amabwerera kunyumba ya amonke ndikuwachenjeza amonke, pomwe ena amakumba wovulalayo. Ngati wopulumutsidwayo atha kusuntha, ndiye kuti amutsogolera kunyumba ya amonke. Ngati sichoncho, amakhala naye ndikumuwotha moto kufikira thandizo litafika. Tsoka ilo, agalu ambiri amafa panthawiyi.
Kupambana kwa St. Bernards ngati opulumutsa ndi kwakukulu kwambiri kotero kuti kutchuka kwawo kukufalikira ku Europe konse. Zinali chifukwa cha ntchito zopulumutsa pomwe adatembenuka kuchoka pagulu lachiaborodzilo kukhala galu yemwe dziko lonse limadziwa. St. Bernard wotchuka kwambiri anali Barry der Menschenretter (1800-1814).
Pa moyo wake, adapulumutsa anthu osachepera 40, koma nkhani yake ili ndi nthano komanso zopeka. Mwachitsanzo, nthano ili ponseponse kuti adamwalira akuyesera kupulumutsa msirikali yemwe adaphimbidwa ndi chipolowe. Atakumba, adanyambita pamaso monga adaphunzitsidwira. Msirikali adamuyesa ngati nkhandwe ndikumumenya ndi bayonet, pambuyo pake Barry adamwalira.
Komabe, iyi ndi nthano, popeza adakhala ndi moyo wathunthu ndikukalamba ku nyumba ya amonke. Thupi lake linaperekedwa ku Berne Museum of Natural History, komwe amakusungabe. Kwa nthawi yayitali, mtunduwo udatchulidwanso pambuyo pake, Barry kapena Alpine Mastiff.
M'nyengo yozizira ya 1816, 1817, 1818 anali ovuta modabwitsa ndipo St. Bernards anali pafupi kutha. Zolemba za zikalata za amonke zikuwonetsa kuti amonkewo adatembenukira kumidzi yoyandikana kuti akabwezeretse agalu omwe adafa.
Zimanenedwa kuti a Mastiffs achingerezi, agalu akumapiri aku Pyrenean kapena Great Danes adagwiritsidwanso ntchito, koma popanda umboni. Kumayambiriro kwa 1830, panali zoyesera kuwoloka St. Bernard ndi Newfoundland, yomwe ilinso ndi chidziwitso chapamwamba chopulumutsa. Amakhulupirira kuti agalu okhala ndi tsitsi lolimba komanso lalitali amatha kusinthasintha nyengo.
Koma, zonse zidasandulika tsoka, popeza tsitsi lalitali lidazizira ndikuphimbidwa ndi madzi oundana. Agalu adatopa, kufooka ndipo nthawi zambiri amafa. Amonkewa adachotsa a St. Bernards omwe ali ndi tsitsi lalitali ndikupitiliza kugwira ntchito ndi atsitsi lalifupi.
Koma, agalu amenewa sanathe, koma anayamba kufalikira ku Switzerland konse. Bukhu loyamba la ziweto lomwe limasungidwa kunja kwa nyumba ya amonke lidapangidwa ndi Heinrich Schumacher. Kuyambira 1855, Schumacher wakhala akusunga mabuku a St. Bernards ndikupanga mtundu wa mtundu.
Schumacher, pamodzi ndi obereketsa ena, adayesetsa kuyika mtunduwo pafupi kwambiri momwe zingathekere agalu oyambira amonke a St. Bernard. Mu 1883 Club ya Swiss Kennel idapangidwa kuti iteteze ndikuchulukitsa mtunduwo, ndipo mu 1884 imasindikiza muyeso woyamba. Kuyambira chaka chino, St. Bernard ndi mtundu wa Switzerland.
Nthawi ina, chifanizo chaching'ono pakhosi chimaphatikizidwira ku chithunzi cha galu uyu, pomwe cognac imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwotcha ozizira. Amonkewa adatsutsa mwatsatanetsatane nthano iyi ndipo adaifotokoza kwa Edward Lansdeer, wojambula yemwe adalemba mbiya. Komabe, chithunzichi chakhazikika ndipo lero ambiri akuyimira St. Bernards mwanjira imeneyi.
Chifukwa cha kutchuka kwa Barry, aku Britain adayamba kulowetsa St. Bernards mu 1820. Amatcha agalu Alpine Mastiffs ndikuyamba kuwoloka ndi ma Mastiffs achingerezi, popeza safunikira agalu akumapiri.
New St. Bernards ndi yayikulupo, yokhala ndi mawonekedwe a brachycephalic a chigaza, chachikulu kwambiri. Panthawi yopanga Swiss Kennel Club, English St. Bernards anali osiyana kwambiri ndipo kwa iwo mulingo wina. Pakati pa okonda mtunduwu, mikangano imawoneka kuti ndi yolondola kwambiri iti.
Mu 1886 msonkhano unachitikira ku Brussels pankhaniyi, koma palibe chomwe chidasankhidwa. Chaka chotsatira, ina idachitikira ku Zurich ndipo zidagamulidwa kuti muyeso waku Switzerland ugwiritsidwe ntchito m'maiko onse kupatula UK.
M'zaka za zana la 20, St. Bernards anali mtundu wodziwika bwino komanso wodziwika, koma osati wamba. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za 2000, Swiss Kennel Club yasintha mtundu wa mitundu, ndikusinthira mayiko onse. Koma si mabungwe onse omwe amavomereza. Zotsatira zake, lero pali miyezo inayi: Swiss Club, Federation Cynologique Internationale, AKC / SBCA, Kennel Club.
Masiku ano St. Bernards, ngakhale omwe amatsata miyambo yakale, amasiyana kwambiri ndi agalu omwe amapulumutsa anthu pamphasa. Iwo ndi okulirapo ndipo amafanana ndi ma mastiffs, pali mitundu iwiri: yaufupi ndi yaitali.
Ngakhale izi, mtunduwo umakhalabe ndi gawo lalikulu lazomwe zimagwira ntchito. Adziwonetsa kuti ndi agalu othandiza kwambiri, chifukwa chikhalidwe chawo ndi chofatsa kwambiri. Koma, komabe, agalu ambiriwa ndi anzawo. Kwa iwo omwe ali okonzeka kusunga galu wamkulu chotere, uyu ndi mnzake wabwino, koma ambiri amawunika mphamvu zawo.
Kukula kwakukulu kwa St. Bernard kumachepetsa kuchuluka kwa eni eni, komabe anthu ndi okhazikika komanso okondedwa ndi oweta agalu ambiri.
Kufotokozera za mtunduwo
Chifukwa chakuti St. Bernards nthawi zambiri amawonekera m'mafilimu ndi makanema, mtunduwo umadziwika mosavuta. M'malo mwake, ndi umodzi mwamitundu yodziwika kwambiri chifukwa cha kukula kwake ndi utoto.
St. Bernards ndi akulu kwambiri, amuna omwe amafota amafika 70-90 cm ndipo amatha kulemera 65-120 kg.
Zipinyazi ndizocheperako, koma masentimita 65-80 omwewo ndipo amalemera 70 kg. Ndi olimba ndendende, okulirapo komanso ali ndi mafupa akuluakulu.
Pali mitundu ingapo yomwe ingafikire kulemera kumeneku, koma potengera kukula kwake, onse ndi otsika kuposa St. Bernard.
Kuphatikiza apo, ambiri a St. Bernards amalemera kuposa momwe amafotokozera pamitundu.
Msungwana wocheperako ku St. Bernard amalemera makilogalamu 50, koma kulemera kwa galu wamkulu kumachokera ku 65 mpaka 75 kg. Ndipo amuna olemera makilogalamu opitilira 95 ndi ochepa, koma ambiri ndi onenepa. St. Bernard wopangidwa bwino amapeza kulemera osati ndi mafuta, koma kuchokera m'mafupa ndi minofu.
Thupi lake, ngakhale lidabisika pansi pa malaya, limakhala lolimba kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri zimakhala zazitali, koma zambiri ndizitali kuposa kutalika. Nthitoyi ndi yakuya kwambiri komanso yotakata, mchira ndi wautali komanso wonenepa m'munsi, koma imagunda kumapeto.
Mutuwo umakhala pakhosi lakuda, pamtundu wofanana ndi mutu wa Mastiff wachingerezi: wokulirapo, wokulirapo, wamphamvu.
Pakamwa pake ndi mosabisa, poyimilira amafotokozedwa momveka bwino. Ngakhale chigaza ndi cha brachycephalic, chophimbacho sichikhala chachifupi komanso chokulirapo monga mitundu ina. Milomo yaukali imawuluka ndipo malovu nthawi zambiri amatuluka.
Pali makwinya pankhope, koma samapanga mapangidwe akuya. Mphuno ndi yayikulu, yotakata, komanso yakuda. Maso a mtunduwu amapezeka mkati mwa chigaza, ndikupangitsa ena kunena kuti galuyo amawoneka ngati woponda phanga. Maso omwewo ayenera kukhala apakatikati kukula ndi bulauni mtundu. Makutu opachika.
Kutulutsa konsekonse kumakhala ndi kuzama komanso nzeru, komansoubwenzi komanso kutentha.
St. Bernards ndi ochepera komanso atsitsi lalitali, ndipo amasakanikirana mosavuta ndipo nthawi zambiri amabadwira mu zinyalala zomwezo. Ali ndi malaya awiri, okhala ndi malaya othina, ofewa, owirira omwe amateteza kuzizira. Malaya akunja amakhala ndi ubweya wautali, womwenso ndi wandiweyani komanso wandiweyani.
Iyenera kuteteza galu kuzizira, koma osakhwimitsa. M'mitundu yonse iwiri, malaya amayenera kukhala owongoka, koma kuzizira pang'ono kumbuyo kwa mapazi ndikovomerezeka.
Oyera tsitsi a Saint Bernards amadziwika bwino chifukwa cha kanema wa Beethoven.
Chovala chawo chimakhala chofanana m'thupi lonse, kupatula makutu, khosi, kumbuyo, miyendo, chifuwa, chifuwa chapansi, kumbuyo kwa miyendo ndi mchira, komwe kumatalika.
Pali mane pang'ono pachifuwa ndi m'khosi. Kusiyanasiyana konseku kumabwera mu mitundu iwiri: zofiira ndi zoyera zoyera kapena zoyera ndi zofiira.
Khalidwe
St. Bernards ndi otchuka chifukwa chofatsa, ambiri a iwo amakhalabe ofatsa ngakhale ali ndi zaka zolemekezeka. Agalu achikulire amalimbikira ndipo samasintha mwadzidzidzi mwadzidzidzi.
Amatchuka chifukwa chokonda kwambiri banja lawo komanso eni ake, amakhala mamembala enieni ndipo eni ake ku Saint Bernard akuti sanakhalepo ndiubwenzi wina ndi mnzake. Komabe, amadziwika ndi kudziyimira pawokha, sioyamwa.
Mwachilengedwe, St. Bernards ndi ochezeka kwa aliyense amene amakumana naye ndipo agalu owetedwa ali basi. Adzagwedeza mchira wawo kwa mlendoyo ndikumupatsa moni mosangalala.
Mizere ina ndi yamanyazi kapena yamanyazi, koma siyimachita nkhanza mwina. Saint Bernards ndiwosamala, ali ndi makungwa akuya ndipo amatha kukhala agalu olondera abwino. Koma palibe alonda, chifukwa alibe ngakhale chidziwitso chazofunikira pazomwezi.
Chokhacho pamalamulowa ndi pamene wochenjera komanso wachifundo St. Bernard awona kuti banja lake lili pachiwopsezo. Sadzalola konse.
Ma St. Bernards ndiabwino ndi ana, akuwoneka kuti akumvetsetsa kuchepa kwawo ndipo amakhala odekha nawo. Koma, ndikofunikira kuphunzitsa mwana momwe angagwirire galuyo, chifukwa amakonda kuzunza kupirira kwa St. Bernard.
Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi agalu ena ndipo ndizosowa kwambiri kuti pamakhala mavuto pakati pawo. Pali chiwawa kwa nyama zogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, zomwe ndizodziwika bwino molossians. Koma Saint Bernards ambiri amasangalala kugawana moyo ndi agalu ena, makamaka mitundu yawo.
Ndikofunika kuti mwiniwakeyo aphunzitsidwe kulekerera modekha agalu ena, popeza kubwezera kumatha kukhala koopsa kwambiri ndikupangitsa kuvulala koopsa. Malingaliro onena za nyama zina ndi odekha kwambiri, alibe chibadwa chosaka ndipo amasiya amphaka okha.
St. Bernards amaphunzitsidwa bwino, koma ntchitoyi iyenera kuyambika mwachangu momwe angathere. Ndiophunzira mwachangu, anzeru, oyesera kusangalatsa komanso amatha kuchita zovuta, makamaka zomwe zimakhudzana ndi kusaka ndi kupulumutsa. Mwini wodwala amapeza galu wodekha komanso wowongoleredwa.
Koma, samakhala kuti akwaniritse wolandila. Odziyimira pawokha, amakonda kuchita zomwe akuwona kuti ndizoyenera. Sikuti ndi ouma khosi, koma ndikuti pamene safuna kuchita kanthu kena, sangachite. St. Bernards amayankha bwino kwambiri pamaphunziro olimbikitsira kuposa njira zovuta.
Izi zimangowonjezeka ndi zaka. Uwu si mtundu wopambana, koma amangomvera omwe amalemekeza.
Eni St St a Bernard ayenera kuwayang'anira ndikuwatsogolera nthawi zonse, popeza agalu osalamulirika omwe amalemera 100 kg amatha kubweretsa mavuto.
St Bernards imafunikira gawo lochita bwino kuti mukhale athanzi.
Kuyenda tsiku ndi tsiku ndikofunikira kwambiri, apo ayi galuyo angatope ndipo atha kuwononga. Komabe, zochita zawo zili mumtima mofanana ndi moyo wonse, wosakwiya komanso wodekha.
Amatha kuyenda maola ambiri, koma amangothamanga kwa mphindi zochepa. Ngati St. Bernard adakwera, ndiye kunyumba amakhala wodekha komanso wodekha. Ndibwino kuti azikhala m'nyumba, koma ngakhale ndi akulu, amathanso kukhala m'nyumba. Amakonda masewera olimbitsa thupi osati thupi lokha, komanso mutu, mwachitsanzo, kulimba.
Koposa zonse amakonda kusewera m'chipale chofewa ... Eni ake amafunika kukhala osamala ndimasewera ndipo azikhala achangu atangodya, chifukwa cha mtundu wa volvulus.
Eni ake omwe akuyenera kukhala nawo akuyenera kumvetsetsa kuti agalu amenewa siabwino kwambiri. Amakonda kuthamanga m'matope ndi matalala, amatenga zonse ndikubwera nawo kunyumba. Chifukwa cha kukula kwawo, amatha kupanga chisokonezo chachikulu. Iyi ndi imodzi mwamagalu akulu kwambiri komanso malovu amayenda. Amasiya zinyalala zambiri mozungulira akudya, ndipo amatha kulira mokweza kwambiri akagona.
Chisamaliro
Chovala cha Saint Bernard chimafunikira chisamaliro chabwino. Izi ndizochepera mphindi 15 tsiku lililonse, kuphatikiza kutsuka kwa galu nthawi zina. Anthu ochepera tsitsi amafunika kudzikongoletsa pang'ono, makamaka akatsuka.
Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuyamba kuzolowera njira zonse mwachangu, chifukwa ndizovuta kwambiri kupeza galu wolemera makilogalamu 100 kuti achite zinazake.
Saint Bernards amakhetsa ndipo chifukwa cha kukula kwawo kuli ubweya wambiri. Kawiri pachaka amakhetsa kwambiri ndipo panthawiyi chisamaliro chiyenera kukhala chachikulu.
Zaumoyo
Osakhala opweteka kwambiri, St. Bernards, monga agalu onse akulu, amadwala matenda ena ndipo samakhala motalika. Kuphatikiza apo, ali ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta majini, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti matenda amtunduwu ndiofala.
Moyo wa St. Bernard ndi zaka 8-10 ndipo ndi ochepa kwambiri omwe amakhala ndi moyo nthawi yayitali.
Ambiri mwa iwo matenda a minofu ndi mafupa dongosolo. Izi ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya dysplasia ndi nyamakazi. Vuto lalikulu kwambiri limatha kukhala ndi mafupa olumikizidwa molumikizana ndi unyamata, zomwe zimabweretsa mavuto atakula.
Ena mwa mavutowa ndi ochiritsika kapena otetezedwa, koma muyenera kudziwa kuti kuchiza galu wamkulu chotere ndikokwera mtengo kwambiri.
Makamaka ayenera kulipidwa kuzipinda zamkati ndi zakunja. Wobadwira kuti azigwira ntchito m'malo ozizira a Alps, mtunduwu umakhala wovuta kwambiri chifukwa cha kutentha kwambiri.
Pakatentha, galu sayenera kunyamulidwa, kuyenda kuyenera kukhala kochepa, ndipo kunyumba pamafunika malo ozizira pomwe galu amatha kuziziritsa. Kuphatikiza apo, kuyenda mwachangu kuchokera kutentha mpaka kuzizira sikofunikanso.
