Nsomba za Mudskipper (Latin Oxudercidae, English mudskipper fish) ndi mtundu wa nsomba zam'madzi zomwe zasintha kuti zizikhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja zam'nyanja, pomwe mitsinje imadutsamo. Nsombazi zimatha kukhala ndi moyo, kusuntha komanso kudyetsa kunja kwa madzi kwakanthawi ndikulekerera madzi amchere bwino. Komabe, mitundu ina imasungidwa bwino m'madzi.
Kukhala m'chilengedwe
Amphibious nsomba ndi nsomba kuti akhoza kusiya madzi kwa nthawi yaitali. Nsomba zambiri zakale zinali ndi ziwalo zofanana ndi mapapu, ndipo zina mwa izo (mwachitsanzo, polypterus), zimapitirizabe kupuma kumeneku.
Komabe, mu mitundu yambiri ya nsomba zamasiku ano, ziwalozi zasintha kukhala chikhodzodzo, chomwe chimathandiza kuyendetsa bwino.
Pokhala opanda mapapo, nsomba zamakono m'madzi zimagwiritsa ntchito njira zina kupuma, monga zilonda kapena khungu.
Zonse pamodzi, pali pafupifupi mitundu 11 yofanana kwambiri yamtunduwu, kuphatikiza matope.
Pali mitundu 32 ya omera matope ndipo padzakhala kufotokozera konse m'nkhaniyi, popeza sizotheka kufotokoza mtundu uliwonse.
Mudskippers amakhala kumadera otentha okhaokha, m'nkhalango za Indian Ocean, kum'maŵa kwa Pacific, ndi kugombe la Atlantic ku Africa. Amagwira ntchito pamtunda, kudyetsa ndikuchita zankhondo wina ndi mnzake kuti ateteze gawolo.
Monga momwe dzina lawo likusonyezera, nsombazi zimagwiritsa ntchito zipsepse zawo poyenda, ndikuzigwiritsa ntchito kudumpha.
Kufotokozera
Olumpha matope amadziwika chifukwa cha mawonekedwe achilendo komanso kuthekera kopulumuka mkati ndi kunja kwa madzi. Amatha kukula mpaka 30cm, ndipo ambiri amakhala obiriwira bulauni, okhala ndi mithunzi kuyambira mdima mpaka kuwala.
Amadziwikanso ndi maso awo otupa, omwe amapezeka pamwamba pamutu pawo. Awa ndi maso omwe adasinthidwa kuti athe kuwona bwino pamtunda ndi m'madzi, ngakhale pali kusiyanasiyana kwama mpweya ndi madzi.
Komabe, mawonekedwe awo owonekera kwambiri ndi zipsepse za pectoral zotsogola kutsogolo kwa thupi lokhalitsa. Zipsepsezi zimagwiranso ntchito mofananamo ndi miyendo, zimalola kuti nsomba ziziyenda m'malo ena.
Zipsepse zakumasozi zimalola nsombazo "kulumpha" pamwamba pamatope komanso zimawalola kukwera mitengo ndi nthambi zochepa. Zapezeka kuti matope amatha kudumpha kutalika kwa masentimita 60.
Nthawi zambiri amakhala m'malo okwera mafunde ndipo amawonetsa kusintha kwakanthawi m'derali komwe sikupezeka mu nsomba zina zambiri. Nsomba wamba zimapulumuka pambuyo pa mafunde ochepa, zimabisala pansi pa ndere zamadzi kapena m'matope akuya.
Chidwi chosangalatsa kwambiri cha matopewa ndikuthekera kwawo kuti akhale ndi moyo komanso kupezeka m'madzi ndi kunja kwake. Amatha kupuma kudzera pakhungu ndi mamina am'mimbamo mkamwa ndi kukhosi; komabe, izi zimatheka pokhapokha nsomba zikanyowa. Njira yopumira imeneyi, yofanana ndi yomwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi amphibiya, amadziwika kuti kupuma pang'ono.
Kusintha kwina kofunikira komwe kumathandizira kupuma kunja kwa madzi ndi zipinda zokulitsa za gill, momwe zimakolera mpweya. Akatuluka m'madzi ndikuyenda pamtunda, amatha kupuma pogwiritsa ntchito madzi omwe ali mkati mwa zipinda zawo zazikulu.
Zipindazi zimatsekedwa mwamphamvu nsombazo zikakhala pamwamba pamadzi, chifukwa cha valavu yolowetsa mpweya, yomwe imapangitsa kuti mitsemphayo ikhale yonyentchera ndikulola kuti zizigwira ntchito zikawululidwa ndi mpweya.
Izi zimawathandiza kuti asatuluke m'madzi kwa nthawi yayitali. M'malo mwake, amapezeka kuti amakhala gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a miyoyo yawo pamtunda.
Odula matope amakhala m'makumba omwe amakumba okha. Maenje amenewa nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zotchinga zosalala.
Olumpha amakhala otanganidwa akamatuluka m'madzi, amadyetsa ndikulumikizana wina ndi mnzake, mwachitsanzo, kuteteza madera awo ndikusamalira omwe angakhale anzawo.
Zovuta zazomwe zilipo
Zovuta komanso zomwe zilipo, zinthu zingapo ziyenera kuwonedwa. Nsomba zambiri zimayenda bwino ukapolo ngati zapatsidwa malo abwino.
Awa ndi nsomba zamchere. Lingaliro lililonse loti atha kukhala m'madzi abwino ndi labodza, olowa matope amwalira m'madzi amchere oyera komanso oyera. Kuphatikiza apo, ali ndi zigawo ndipo amakhala m'malo akutali kwambiri kuthengo.
Osavomerezeka kwa oyamba kumene.
Kusunga mu aquarium
Mitundu yomwe imagulitsidwa kwambiri ndi Periopthalmus barbarus, mtundu wolimba kwambiri, womwe umafikira kutalika kwa masentimita 12. Monga onse olumpha, amachokera kumalo okhala ndi mchere womwe madzi ake si nyanja yoyera komanso yopanda madzi.
Madzi amchere amapezeka m'mitsinje (malo osefukira madzi) kumene mchere umakhudzidwa ndi mafunde, nthunzi, mvula ndi mitsinje yamitsinje ndi mitsinje. Ambiri olumpha omwe amagulitsidwa m'masitolo ogulitsa ziweto amachokera m'madzi okhala ndi mchere wa 1.003 mpaka 1.015 ppm.
Mudskippers amatha kumira!
Inde, mwamva bwino, nsomba zosalimba kwambiri zimatha kutuluka m'madzi, chifukwa zimathera 85% ya nthawiyo m'madzi. Koma amafunikanso kuti azitha kudumphira m'madzi kuti azisungunuka komanso kupewa kuuma.
Ndikofunikanso kuti mpweya womwe uli kunja kwa madzi uzimva bwino komanso kutentha kofanana ndi madzi.
Amafuna dera la "gombe", lomwe limatha kukhala chilumba chachikulu chokha mkati mwa aquarium, kapena lopangidwa ngati zilumba zazing'ono zopangidwa ndi mizu ndi miyala yopanda poizoni.
Amakonda gawo lofewa lamchenga momwe amatha kudyetsa ndikusunga chinyezi. Kuphatikiza apo, mchenga uli ndi mwayi wochepa wowononga khungu lawo. Dera ndi madzi amatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi miyala yayikulu, miyala, chidutswa cha akiliriki.
Komabe, amuna ndi akutali kwambiri ndipo anthu opambana amachititsa moyo kukhala wovuta kwa anthu ena, chifukwa chake konzekerani malo anu moyenera.
Amatha kukhala m'madzi omwe sangakhale oyenerera nsomba zambiri. Ngakhale ndizosafunikira, amatha kukhala ndi moyo kwakanthawi m'madzi okhala ndi ammonia wambiri.
Madzi, okhala ndi mpweya wochepa, si vuto chifukwa jumper amatenga mpweya wochuluka mlengalenga.
Malangizo azinthu zopambana:
- Gwiritsani ntchito galasi yonse kapena akiliriki ya aquarium yomwe siingawononge mchere.
- Sungani kutentha kwa mpweya ndi madzi pakati pa 24 ndi 29 madigiri Celsius. Zozizira zamagetsi ndi mafyuzi oteteza kuwotcha ndizabwino.
- Gwiritsani ntchito thermometer kuti muwone kutentha kwa madzi.
- Apatseni malo okwanira oti nsomba zitha kukhala moyo wawo wonse. Wolumpha matope amakhala kwakanthawi m'madzi.
- Gwiritsani ntchito chivindikiro cholimba cha aquarium. Ndikupangira galasi kapena pulasitiki yoyera. Ma aquariums otseguka ndiosavomerezeka chifukwa amatulutsa chinyezi chomwe chimafunikira kuumoyo wa nsomba.
- Mukamawonjezera madzi, musagwiritse ntchito madzi amchere; nthawi zonse muzigwiritsa ntchito madzi opanda chlorine. Chifukwa chake ndikuti madzi akamaphwera, mcherewo sungasanduke, ndipo mukawonjezera mchere, mcherewo umakulanso.
- Musalole kuti madzi ochuluka asanduke nthunzi, mchere ukhoza kuwuka ndipo nsomba zanu zitha kufa.
- Olumpha matope amatha kupulumuka mumchere wambiri chifukwa chakusintha komwe amakhala. Osagwiritsa ntchito mchere wapatebulo; muyenera kugula mchere wam'nyanja m'sitolo yogulitsa zinyama.
- Thankiyo iyenera kukhala ndi chinyezi cha 70-80% chinyezi malinga ndi hygrometer.
Kudyetsa
Kumtchire, amadyera nkhanu, nkhono, nyongolotsi zam'madzi, nsomba zazing'ono, nsomba zam'madzi, algae ndi nyama zina zam'madzi.
Mu aquarium, zotsatirazi ndizoyenera kudya: ma virus a magazi, tubifex, crickets ang'onoang'ono, squid, mamazelo, nsomba zazing'ono.
Chonde dziwani kuti olanda matope amadya pagombe, osati m'madzi. Ngakhale atapempha, pewani kuyesedwa kuti muchepetse nsomba zanu.
Ayenera kudyetsedwa mpaka m'mimba mutadzitukumula kenako muyenera kudikirira mpaka m'mimba mwawo mutayambiranso kukula.
Ngakhale
Mudskippers ndi gawo, amafunikira malo ambiri ndipo amakhala osungika okha.
Malangizo anga kwa iwo omwe analibe matope ndikuti musamale ndikusunga chimodzi. Amachita nkhanza ndipo wamwamuna amatha kuvulaza kapena kupha mwamuna wina.
Kupeza nyumba yatsopano ya nsomba zanu sikophweka, makamaka ngati eni ake atakhala kuti amva za nsomba zomwe zimakonda kuthawa.
Komabe, zimakhala zosagwirizana ndi nsomba zina ndipo zimadziwika kuti zimadya chilichonse choyenda.
SI NKHANI! Ena mwa mwayi akhala akuchita bwino posunga zida zam'madzi ndi mitundu ina yam'madzi am'madzi, koma ndimalimbikitsa izi.
Kusiyana kogonana
Amuna amadziwika ndi zipsepse zawo zazikulu zakuthambo ndi utoto wowala. Pakati pa nyengo ya kukwatira, amuna amaonetsa mawanga owala bwino kuti akope akazi. Mawanga akhoza kukhala ofiira, obiriwira, komanso abuluu.
Kuswana
Amuna amapanga mabowo okhala ngati J- kapena Y mumatope. Mwamuna akangomaliza kukumba dzenje lake, amatuluka pamwamba ndikuyesera kukopa wamkazi pogwiritsa ntchito mayendedwe osiyanasiyana.
Mkazi akapanga kusankha kwake, amatsata wamwamuna kumabowo, komwe amaikira mazira mazana ndikuwalola kuti amere. Atalowa, yamphongo imalowetsa pakhomo ndi matope, omwe amapatula awiriwo.
Pambuyo pa umuna, nthawi yokhalira limodzi pakati pa amuna ndi akazi ndi yochepa. Pamapeto pake, chachikazi chimachoka, ndipo ndi champhongo chomwe chimateteza dzenje lodzaza ndi nyama zam'madzi kuchokera kwa nyama zanjala.
Zikuwonekeratu kuti ndimwambo wovuta chonchi, kubzala matope m'malo opezeka panyumba ndizosatheka. Kuyesera kubereka mikhalidwe yotere sikungakhale kotheka kwambiri kwaomwe amakonda kuchita zinthu.
