Zolemba zimatiphunzitsa ndi kutiphunzitsa zabwino zonse, koma nthawi yomweyo zimafunikira nsembe ngati nkhalango (kamodzi izi zinali nyama ndi zikopa). Tiyeni tikambirane momwe zachilengedwe zimadalira zolemba, komanso momwe kusindikiza mabuku kungathandizire pakukula kwadziko.
Chilumba cha Easter
Kuyambira zaka za m'ma 1980, zinthu zambiri zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito chaka chilichonse padziko lapansi kuposa zomwe zingapezeke munthawi yomweyo, malinga ndi malipoti a World Wildlife Fund Living Planet. Mwachitsanzo, zimatenga zaka 1.5 kuti ziberekenso zomwe zidagwiritsidwa ntchito mu 2007. Zikuwoneka kuti tidatenga ngongole.
Pofika kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma XXI, anthu adula pafupifupi 50% ya nkhalango zonse padziko lapansi. 75% yakudulidwa kumeneku kunachitika m'zaka za zana la 20. Kulumikizana pakati pakuwonongedwa kwa nkhalango ndi kuwonongedwa kwa anthu kumachokera ku Chilumba cha Easter. Poganizira zakudzipatula kumayiko oyandikira, zitha kuonedwa kuti ndi zachilengedwe. Tsoka m'dongosolo lino lidayamba chifukwa cha mkangano pakati pa mafuko ndi atsogoleri, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti apange ziboliboli zazikulu. Chifukwa chake kuchuluka kwa zinthu ndi chakudya, chifukwa - kuwononga nkhalango kwakukulu ndikuwononga kuchuluka kwa mbalame.
Lero, mayiko onse Padziko lapansi amagawana zida za geo ndipo amalumikizana wina ndi mnzake, monga mabanja khumi ndi awiri a Island Island. Tasokera mu kuchuluka kwa Space, ngati chilumba chayekha cha Polynesia ku Pacific Ocean, ndipo kulibe magombe ena oti tiwonebe.
Zachilengedwe ndi kusindikiza
Ukhondo wa mpweya ndi madzi, chonde m'nthaka, kusiyanasiyana kwachilengedwe komanso nyengo zimadalira nkhalango. Pofuna kupanga mabuku, pafupifupi mitengo 16 miliyoni imadulidwa pachaka - pafupifupi mitengo 43,000 patsiku. Zinyalala zamafakitale zimawononga kwambiri mpweya ndi madzi. Zikuwonekeratu kuti kukula kwa msika wama e-book kungathetse vutoli, koma zikuwonekeranso kuti mtundu wa digito sungasinthe pepalalo - zaka zikubwerazi. Ziri zovuta kutsutsana ndichakuti zakale ndi ntchito zofunika kwambiri masiku ano ziyenera kusindikizidwa papepala. Koma tiyeni tiwone bwino za Massolite.
E-mabuku ngati yankho lavutoli
Si chinsinsi kuti gawo la mikango mwa anthu wamba omwe ali ndi zolemba zambiri silabwino kwambiri. Kusindikiza kwamabuku pafupipafupi ndi olemba ena odziwika kumawonetsa kutenga nawo gawo pakupanga zolemba zakuda, komanso kuti luso la wolemba wotere (ndi wofalitsa) ndi bizinesi kuposa zaluso. Ndipo ngati ndi choncho, ndiye kuti kusindikiza kwamagetsi ndi kwa wolemba (komanso wofalitsa) ngati mphatso yamtsogolo.
E-mabuku, monga chinthu chilichonse chodziwitsa, ali ndi malire akulu. Ndikokwanira kusanja ndi kukonza buku lotere kamodzi kuti mugulitse kufalikira kosatha osagwiritsa ntchito ruble kamodzi pakupanga ndi zinthu. Kuphatikiza apo, malonda azamagetsi amakupatsani mwayi wokulitsa omvera anu padziko lonse lapansi (olankhula Chirasha kwa ife). Komabe, ma e-book akhoza kukhala otsika mtengo kwa owerenga ndipo njira yogulira ndiyosavuta (amathanso kunena zakulembetsa). Nthawi yomweyo, chikumbumtima cha owerenga, wolemba komanso wofalitsa sichimveka, chifukwa palibe mtengo umodzi womwe umavutikira pantchito yonseyi.
Ngati sitikunena za anthu olemekezeka, koma za olemba achichepere, tiyenera kudziwa kuti ofalitsa nthawi zambiri amawopa kugwira ntchito ndi olemba omwe sanasindikizidwe kale chifukwa chowopsa. Zowopsa izi zitha kuchepetsedwa limodzi ndi zolipiritsa pogwiritsa ntchito kusindikiza kwamagetsi. Mtundu wamagetsi ukhoza kukhala mayeso oyamba kubuku, ndipo ntchito zomwe zimagula ndikuwerenga bwino zitha kubadwanso papepala - monga vinyl ya oimba.
"Malire a kukula"
Mu 1972, buku la Limits to Growth linasindikizidwa, zotsatira za ntchito ya gulu lapadziko lonse la akatswiri lotsogozedwa ndi Dennis L. Meadows. Kafukufukuyu adakhazikitsidwa ndi mtundu wa makompyuta a World3, womwe umayimira zochitika zachitukuko cha dziko kuyambira 1900 mpaka 2100. Bukulo lidatsimikiza zakusatheka kwazinthu zakuchulukirachulukira padzikoli lomwe lili ndi malire ndipo lati lisiye kuwonjezeka kwa zizindikiritso zowonjezereka kuti likhale ndi chitukuko chokhazikika.
Mu 1992, Dennis Meadows, Donella Meadows ndi Jorgen Randers adapereka Beyond Growth, ndikuwonetsa kufanana kwakukulu pakati pa zochitika zapadziko lonse lapansi ndi kuneneratu kwawo zaka makumi awiri zapitazo. Malinga ndi olembawo, kusintha kwachilengedwe kokha ndi komwe kungapulumutse anthu kuimfa yosapeweka. Ndipo ngakhale kuti kusintha kwam'mbuyomu kwaulimi kwakhala zaka masauzande ambiri, komanso kwa mafakitale kwazaka mazana ambiri, tatsala ndi zaka makumi ochepa chabe kuti zisinthe zachilengedwe.
Mu 2004, olembawo adatulutsa buku lina, The Limits to Growth. Zaka 30 Pambuyo pake ”, pomwe adatsimikizira kulondola kwa zomwe adaneneratu ndipo adanenanso kuti ngati mu 1972 dziko lapansi lidali ndi chakudya, posachedwapa zidawonekeratu kuti umunthu wapita kale kupitirira kudzisamalira kwa zachilengedwe zapadziko lapansi.
Mapeto
Masiku ano, kufunikira kwakukonzanso zachilengedwe padziko lapansi kwachuluka kwambiri kuposa kale. Mutha kuthandiza pogwiritsa ntchito matumba achitsulo m'malo mwa matumba apulasitiki, kusankha zinyalala, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito galimoto yamagetsi. Ndipo ngati zotsalazo sizotsika mtengo kwa aliyense, ndiye kuti kugula e-book m'malo mwa buku la pepala sikungowonongera ndalama zokha, koma kumawonongetsa ndalama zochepa kuposa kugula pepala limodzi, ngakhale kuli gawo loti azisindikiza makampani osindikiza - kwa owerenga.
Ponena za olemba ndi osindikiza, atha kupita kukulirapo, ndikupanga ma e-book asanakhale mapepala. Zambiri zakhala zikugulitsidwa kwanthawi yayitali, ndipo zinthu zaluso zikupeza moyo wathunthu mu digito (monga, mwachitsanzo, nyimbo), iyi ndi njira yachilengedwe, ndipo mosakayikira ili mtsogolo mwake. Wina sangakonde mtsogolo muno, koma mtundu wina wake - tsoka lachilengedwe - anthu ambiri sangaukonde.
Alexandra Okkama, Sergey Inner, nyumba yosindikiza yokhayo Pulp Fiction
