Barracuda - nyanja Pike
Nsomba barracuda amanyadira malo omwe ali pamwamba pa nyama zoyipa kwambiri zam'madzi makumi awiri. Mwamaonekedwe ndi moyo wake ndi wofanana ndi chida chamadzi. Imatha kukula mpaka mamita 2. Imakonda madzi otentha komanso otentha.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Ku Italy, mzaka zana zapitazi, zakale za nsomba zakale, kholo la ma barracudas amakono, adapezeka. Asayansi atsimikiza zaka - zaka 45 miliyoni. Zotsalira zomwe zidatsalira zidapangitsa kuti pakhale lingaliro lakuti ma barracudas amakono amasiyana pang'ono ndi kholo lawo lomwe lakale.
Zomwe zimagwidwa ndi nsomba zimaganiziridwa, choyambirira, pamizere yolimbitsa thupi. Thupi limakhala lokulirapo, limayandikira. Mutu wosongoka umatenga kotala la kutalika kwa thupi. Mlomo waukulu wokhala ndi kuluma kwamankhwala, umapatsa nsombayo mawonekedwe osamvera chisoni. Mizere iwiri ya ma incisors imasiya mosakayikira - uyu ndiwamphulupulu wosusuka komanso wokonda magazi.
Mtundu umatengera mitundu ndi malo okhala. Gawo lakumtunda la barracuda ndi mdima. Mbalizo ndi zotuwa pang'ono. Mitundu ina imakhala ndi malo amdima osasunthika mthupi. Mimba ndi choko choyera. Zipsepsezo ndi zofiirira, nthawi zina zachikasu.
Maso ali pakati pamutu. Mitsempha imatsekedwa ndi zivindikiro zosowa msana. Pali zipsepse ziwiri kumbuyo. Wamkati ali ndi cheza cha msana 5. Chachiwiri chimakhala ndi kunyezimira kofewa kwakukulu.
Barracuda ndi imodzi mwazinyama zam'madzi zoopsa kwambiri
Mzere wotchulidwa wotsatira umayenda mthupi lonse. Zipsepse za pectoral ndi kumatako zili mmunsi. Thupi limatha ndi mchira wamphamvu, wopindika bwino, wosakanikirana.
Mitundu
Barracuda pachithunzichi mu mawonekedwe amthupi ndi utoto zimadzetsa mayanjano ndi mackerel. Zomwe zimafanana ndizosavuta - ubale wawo. Barracudas ndi gawo la dongosolo la Mackerel. Gulu, dzina lachilatini la mtundu wa barracuda ndi Sphyraena. Chifukwa chake, nsomba nthawi zambiri zimatchedwa sefiren. Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ya nsombazi:
- Zazikulu barracuda.
Nsombazi zimakhala m'mbali mwa nyanja. Amasaka mwakuya kosakwana mita 100. Malo omwe amakonda kwambiri ndi mangrove, miyala, kuphatikizapo chotchinga chachikulu. Kutalika kwa thupi la nsomba yayikulu kumafika mita 1. Nthawi zambiri kumakhala kochepa: pafupifupi masentimita 60. Koma zolemba zimachitikanso. Nsomba yayikulu kwambiri yomwe idagwidwa inali yayitali mamita 2.1. Anthu ena amadzipangira poizoni mthupi, zomwe zimapangitsa mtundu uwu kukhala wowopsa ukamadya.
- Wopanda Sefiren.
Amapezeka pagombe la Indonesia, Micronesia, Philippines pamtunda wa mamita 3 mpaka 30. Amapita kumadera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja ku Australia, kumpoto kwa New Zealand. Anakulitsa malowa, kuchoka ku Nyanja Yofiira kupita ku Mediterranean.
- Barracuda waku Europe.
Adziwa bwino nyanja yam'mbali, nyanja ya nyanja ya Mediterranean ndi Nyanja Yakuda. Ndi mtundu waukulu kwambiri wa sefiren m'malo amenewa. Dera lakumpoto kwambiri komwe limapezeka ndi Bristol Bay ku England. Kuphatikiza apo, imapezeka ku Bay of Biscay, mpaka kuzilumba za Canary, m'madzi a m'mphepete mwa nyanja ku Latin ndi South America. Kutalika kwake kumakhala ma 0.6 mita. Choyimira chachikulu kwambiri chomwe chinagwidwa chinali cha 1.6 mita kutalika ndi 12 kg kulemera.
- Barracuda guacancho.
Kuchokera kugombe la Africa kuchokera ku Senegal kupita ku Angola, ku Caribbean, kuchokera ku America ku Massachusetts kupita ku Brazil, mutha kupeza guacancho pakuya kwa 10 mpaka 100 mita. M'madera kumene barracuda amapezeka, nsomba ndi chinthu chamalonda.
- California barracuda.
Amatchedwanso Pacific Silver Sefiren. Amapezeka kunyanja ya Pacific: kuchokera ku Mexico kupita ku Washington. Ku Gulf of California, kuwedza nsomba zamtunduwu kwodziwika.
- North barracuda.
Mtundu wake ndi gawo lakumadzulo kwa Atlantic. Madera akumadzi kum'mawa kwa Panama, ku Gulf of Mexico, ku South Florida. Kumpoto, imafika pagombe la Canada. Imatanthauza oimira ang'ono kwambiri a Barakuda. Kutalika kwa masentimita 45-55 amawerengedwa kuti ndiye abwino kwambiri kwa iwo.
- Barracuda waku Australia.
Mtunduwo umafanana ndi dzinalo - gombe lakum'mawa kwa Australia kupita ku Tasmania. Amapezeka kugombe lakumpoto kwa New Zealand. Mitundu ya Pelagic. Amasonkhanitsa m'magulu a msinkhu wapakati m'mphepete mwa mchenga. Chinthu cha kusodza kwa amateur.
- Barracuda picudilla.
Amapezeka ku Caribbean, kunyanja ya Florida, ku Bahamas, m'madzi a m'mphepete mwa nyanja ku Uruguay. Kwa anthu am'deralo kugwira barracuda ndi malonda achikhalidwe.
- Pelican barracuda.
Adziwa bwino malo kuchokera ku Gulf of California kupita kuzilumba za Galapagos. Amasunga m'magulu ang'onoang'ono osapitilira anthu awiri. Kuzama kwanyumba sikupitilira 30 m.
- Barracuda wamankhwala akuthwa.
Mitundu yaying'ono, yomwe ili pangozi. Amakhala mdera la Indo-Pacific: kuchokera ku East Africa kupita ku Hawaii. Amadziwa madera a pelagic pagombe la Japan ndi China. Kutalika kwa mitunduyi sikuposa 0.8 m.
- Barracuda wachikasu.
Imodzi mwa mitundu yaying'ono kwambiri. Zimaswana mu Indian Ocean. Wamkulu amakula mpaka mamita 0,4. Dzinali limafotokoza mawonekedwe ake - mchira wachikaso. Pangakhalenso utoto wachikaso m'mbali. Kuchita nawo madera atsopano. Mu 1992 idagwidwa koyamba pagombe la Israel. Mu 2002 idafika pachilumba cha Rhodes, ndipo mu 2005 idagwidwa pagombe la Libya.
Asayansi amati mitundu 28 yomwe ilipo pakadali pano ndi mtundu wa Sefiren. Koma ndi dongosolo la barracuda, sizinthu zonse zosankhidwa. Mitundu ina imatha kukhala subspecies. Kafukufuku wamtundu wa ma genetic amapanga masinthidwe pakusintha kwachilengedwe.
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Spirena, aka barracuda, ndi wolusa wosasankha, wankhanza. Njira yayikulu yosakira ndi kubisalira. Kuwona bwino kumapereka mwayi kuposa nyama zambiri zam'madzi. Nyama ikasambira, barracuda amaponya mwachangu kwambiri. Patali pang'ono, nyamayi imatha kufikira liwiro la 45 km / h. Kukamwa kwakukulu ndi mizere iwiri ya mano akuthwa sizimapereka mwayi kwa wovulalayo.
Chifukwa chaukali wawo, chidwi chanthawi zonse pakuwukira, nsomba zazikulu zimakonda kusungulumwa, koma mitundu ing'onoing'ono imagwirizana m'masukulu. Njira yosakira anthu obisalira imalimbikitsa kusankha malo okhala. Barracuda imakonda malo okhala ndi miyala, nkhalango zamitengo ya mangrove, ndere zochuluka kapena madzi amatope pomwe mitsinje ndi nyanja zimakumana.
Barracuda ili ndi mizere iwiri ya mano: kunja ndi mkati
Ngati saoneka bwino, chilombocho nthawi zina chimalakwitsa: chimagunda zinthu zazikulu kwambiri kuposa icho. Izi zitha kufotokozera magawo osowa kwambiri a chiopsezo cha barracuda pamunthu.
Zakudya zabwino
Zakudyazo zimaphatikizapo nsomba zapakatikati zamtundu uliwonse, kuphatikiza: anchovies, mackerel, hering'i. Barracudas akuukira nyamayi. Amatha kuthana ndi blowfish. Shrimp ndi crustaceans ena samanyalanyazidwa.
Spiren imatha kung'amba nyama, motero imagwira nsomba zazikulu ndi nyama. Atha kumenyana ndi ana a dolphin omwe asochera m'gulu lawo. Sanyoza kudya anzawo: amalimbana ndi achinyamata komanso akuluakulu.
Pike yanyanja imatha kugwera m'manja mwa wophika. Yankho la funso "nsomba ya barracuda imadya kapena ayi”Ali wotsimikiza. Koma akudya barracuda wamkulu, poyizoni adachitika. Thupi la miyala ina yam'madzi yam'madzi yam'madzi, poizoni wa ciguatoxin amasonkhana. Munthu amene wadya nsombazi amatha kumva zizindikiro zakupha, mpaka kufa ziwalo.
Barracuda amasaka nsomba, kuzithamangitsa pamtunda wa pafupifupi 50 km / h
Wophika barracuda ayenera kumvetsetsa mitundu yake. Mwachitsanzo, California sephiren, samakhala owopsa. Ku Cuba, njira yosavuta imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Nyama ya Barracuda perekani mphaka. Ngati patatha maola angapo palibe chomwe chikuchitika kwa iye, ndiye kuti mutha kudya nsomba.
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo
Ali ndi zaka ziwiri, barracudas amatha kupitiliza mtunduwo. Madera osaya ndi ma shoals amasankhidwa ngati malo oberekera. Nthawi yoberekera ndiyosiyana ndi anthu osiyanasiyana. Kuyamba kwa nyengo yobereketsa kumalumikizidwa ndikusintha kwamadzi kutentha m'dera la nsomba.
Nsomba zimasonkhana m'magulu kwakanthawi kochepa. Zazikazi zimaikira mazira m'madzi osachita zanzeru komanso osadandaula za chitetezo chake. Amuna, kumasula mkaka, manyowa mazira. Apa ndipomwe chisamaliro cha makolo chamtsogolo cha barracudas chimatha.
Caviar imadyedwa mwachangu ndi zamoyo zina zam'madzi. Ndizotheka kuti makolo nawonso amatenga nawo mbali pantchitoyi. Kuchuluka kwa mazira ndi ana omwe aswedwa kuchokera kwa iwo ndikuchepa kwambiri. Koma zokwanira kuti tisungebe kuchuluka kwa a Sefirens. Mtsikana angabereke zikwi 50, munthu wamkulu - mazira 200,000.
Mwa anthu omwe amakhala pafupi ndi nkhalango za mangrove, kubereka kumachitika osati m'madzi otseguka, koma m'madzi am'mbuyo. Mwachangu amabadwira motetezedwa ndi mangrove. M'magulu, nyama zazing'ono zimakula msinkhu ndipo kenako zimayamba kukhala moyo wodziyimira pawokha.
Kutalika kwa moyo wa sefirens ndikutalika, kuyambira zaka 12 mpaka 20, kutengera mitundu. Ngakhale asodzi akugwira ntchito, barracuda sakuwopsezedwa kuti atha. Akatswiri azachipatala awona kuchepa kwamaperesenti angapo m'litali la Mediterranean barracuda. Izi zitha kuwonetsa kuchepa kwa mitunduyi.
Mtengo
Kuopsa kwa poyizoni kumakhalapo pokhapokha ngati mukudya ma barracudas akulu. Mitundu yonse yamalonda ndi yotetezeka. Chifukwa chake, nsomba amawaphika ndikuwapatsa m'malesitilanti m'maiko ambiri. Pali mbale zambiri za barracuda. Kuchokera ku nyama yokazinga mpaka nyama zosuta.
M'dziko lathu, amagulitsidwa m'malo ogulitsa nsomba zambiri. Mtengo wa Barracuda 250 ... 300 ma ruble. Mukalipira ndalamayi kwa kilogalamu ya nsomba zowumitsidwa, mutha kuyesa nokha ngati wopanga zakudya zachilendo.
Barracuda samakonda kuwukira anthu
Kugwira barracuda
Momwe zimakhalira ndi nsombazi ku Florida komanso pagombe la Mediterranean ndizofanana. Njira zosodza zimasiyananso pang'ono. Uku ndikungoyenda, kupondaponda, kupota.
Kuyenda panyanja - mosafanana kumafanana ndi kusodza ndi ndodo yoyandama kuchokera bwato kapena bwato. Kupondaponda - kugwira nsomba zam'nyanja kuchokera pa bwato. Bwato lokhala ndi ndodo zoyikapo limatsogolera nyambo.
Kusodza motere kumafunikira mabwato okhala ndi zida zapadera, owongolera mwapadera komanso owongolera akatswiri osodza. Kugwiritsanso ntchito ndodo yopota yamchere wamchere ndikofanana ndi nsomba zamadzi. Koma magiya amasiyana kwambiri.
Asodzi aku America, kwakukulu, amalankhula zoyipa za a Sefiren. Amagwira nyambo yomwe sanapangidwire, amasokoneza magiya, amakhala mwamwano, mopupuluma. Kwa alendo osadziwa zambiri, machitidwe a sassy a barracuda amangosewera m'manja.
Chifukwa cha nkhondo yolimbikira, amatha kupeza chikho chowopsa kwambiri.Kugwira barracuda mu Nyanja ya Mediterranean ndichosangalatsanso alendo. Izi zimathandizidwa ndi njira yakusodza mwamphamvu komanso kupambana kotsimikizika.
Mediterranean barracuda ndi yaying'ono kwambiri kuposa zomwe mungapeze ku Caribbean. Kuti musodzire bwino, muyenera kudziwa osati malo omwe nsomba zimasonkhanitsidwa moyenera, komanso nthawi yomwe zimachitikira. Asodzi akumaloko ndi ofunikira.
Kuphatikiza pa kusodza kwamasewera, palinso akatswiri, amalonda. Nsombazi sizimasonkhana m'masukulu akulu. Chifukwa chake, kuti agulitse, imagwidwa kuchokera kuzombo zazing'ono, m'malo oponyera pansi, zokhala ndi zingwe monga zingwe. Barracuda ndi cholengedwa chosasangalatsa. Wokhetsa magazi, wankhanza, nthawi zina wakupha, koma chidwi chodzutsa chidwi komanso chidwi chomugwira.
