Mbalame zoyamba zidawonekera zaka 140-150 miliyoni BC. Anali zolengedwa zazikulu ngati nkhunda - Archeopteryx. Kukhoza kouluka kunapangitsa kuthana ndi zopinga zamapiri ndi madzi, kuyenda mtunda wautali ndikugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zovomerezeka.
Gulu la mbalame linawonekera, lomwe linayamba kupanga nyengo zosamukira kumalo komwe kumakhala kosavuta kupirira zovuta za dzinja - izi ndi mbalame zosamuka. Mitundu yambiri yasankha njira ina yopulumutsira: sagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zawo pakunyamuka kwakanthawi, amakhala m'malo azikhalidwe komwe adabadwira - izi ndi mbalame zachisanu.
Mitundu ina imatha kusamukira pang'ono, ina imatsatira gawo linalake. Makamaka mbalame zachisanu — kungokhalambalame zomwe sizimachoka kudera lawo.
Banja la Hawk
Banja lalikulu. Mitunduyi imaphatikizidwamo imasiyana mosiyanasiyana kukula ndi zizolowezi. Ziwombankhanga zonse ndi zolusa. Anthu ena amakonda nyama yakufa. Hawks amakhala zaka 12-17, banja limatha kulera anapiye 2-3 pachaka.
Goshawk
Woimira wamkulu wa mphamba. Mapiko a goshawk amaposa mita imodzi. Kusiyana kwa jenda makamaka kukula ndi kulemera. Kuchuluka kwa amuna sikuposa 1100 g, akazi amalemera - 1600 g Kuti apange zisa, nkhalango zosakanikirana zosakanikirana zimasankhidwa. Malo osakira a hawk ndi madera mpaka mahekitala 3500.
Banja la Falcon
Banja limaphatikizapo mitundu 60 yazolemera zosiyanasiyana. Koma zonse ndi mbalame zabwino zodya. Ndi mbalame zingati zomwe zimadyetsa anapiye 2-3. Amakhala m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana; mbalame zimakalamba zili ndi zaka 15-17.
Merlin
Amaposa ena onse m'banjamo. Yaikazi, monga zimakhalira ndi mbalame zambiri, imalemera komanso yokulirapo kuposa yamphongo. Kulemera kwake kumafika 2 kg. Zimapezeka mumtunda wamtunda komanso nkhalango, ku Altai. Mbalameyi imangokhala, makamaka nyengo yachisanu imatha kusamuka, koma osati kumwera kwa 55 ° N.
Nkhono yotulutsa peregine
Membala wachangu kwambiri m'banja la mphamba. Mwinanso mitundu ya mbalame yothamanga kwambiri. Mukamenya nyama, imathamangira ku 320 km / h. Zomera zazing'ono zomwe zimakhazikika m'nkhalango za m'chigawo chapakati zimakhala moyo wokhazikika.
Banja la Owl
Banja lalikulu la mbalame zodya nyama. Kadzidzi amakhala ndi mawonekedwe achilendo: mutu wozungulira, thupi lofanana ndi mbiya, mlomo woonda wolumikizidwa, komanso chimbale cha nkhope nthawi zambiri chimakhalapo. Amakhala zaka pafupifupi 20. Anapiye 3-5 amaleredwa chaka chilichonse.
Kadzidzi
Mbalame yayikulu, yomwe imalemera pafupifupi 3 kg. Chomwe chimatanthauzira ndikutulutsa kwa nthenga pamutu, zotchedwa makutu. Amakhala m'nkhalango, koma amasankha m'mbali mwa nkhalango kapena nkhalango kuposa nkhalango. Pakusaka, imatha kuyang'anira madera akundende komanso magombe amadzi. Chifukwa cha kukula kwake ndi luso lake, imatha kugwira zikho zazikulu kwambiri: hares, abakha.
Mverani mawu a kadzidzi
Kadzidzi Tawny
Kadzidzi wonyezimira amakhala ndi mawonekedwe a kadzidzi: mphuno yopyapyala yolumikizidwa, chimbale chapadera cha nkhope. Amakhala m'nkhalango zokhwima komanso m'mapaki okhala ndi mitengo yopanda pake. Amasaka makamaka usiku. Koma amawona bwino masana. Imasaka nyama yolanda nyama yomwe ikungoyenda pansi osayimilira.
- Great Grey Owl - nthiti yoyera imawonekera kutsogolo kwa khosi, malo amdima pansi pa mlomo wofanana ndi ndevu.
- Long-tailed Owl - utoto wamitundu yopepuka, mchira wawung'ono wopingasa.
- Tawny Owl - mtundu wa nthenga sizimasiyana ndi khungwa la mtengo wakale wouma, womwe umapangitsa kuti mbalameyi isawonekere m'nkhalango.
Kadzidzi
Mbalameyi imakonda nkhalango zowala, malo omasuka osakira. Imasankha madera okhala ndi chipale chofewa. Nthawi zambiri zimapezeka m'misewu ndi m'mapaki amizinda.
- Upland owl - kulemera kwake kwa kadzidzi sikupitirira 200 g. Mutu wowoneka bwino umakhala gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a thupi lonse. Diso la nkhope limafotokozedwa bwino. Amakhala m'nkhalango za coniferous, nthawi zambiri amakhala m'mapanga omwe amakonzedwa ndi odula mitengo.
- Little owl - amakhala m'malo otseguka, m'mapiri. Imakhazikika m'mabowo a anthu ena, mumikondo yamiyala. Nthawi zambiri amakhala mnyumba, mnyumba zam'mwamba.
Madzi a mpheta
Kukula kwa kadzidzi sikokulirapo, kocheperako. Kulemera kwake kumafika ku 80g. Mbalameyi ndi bulauni-bulauni ndi mizere yowala, pansi pake ndi yoyera. Face disc yadzola mafuta. Kuwala kumayenda mozungulira maso. Amadyetsa kuchokera pamalo okwana pafupifupi 4 sq. Km. Zimapanga anapiye 2-3, omwe amadziyimira pawokha pofika Ogasiti.
Banja la Pheasant
Mbalame za m'banjali zimadalira kwambiri miyendo yawo kuposa mapiko awo. Zimauluka mwamphamvu ndipo zimadutsa mtunda waufupi, zimayenda mofulumira komanso molimba mtima poyenda. Amadyetsa makamaka chakudya chobiriwira. Ma pheasants nthawi zambiri samalera ana ochepa. Pali nkhuku 8-12 mumwana. Okhalamo amakhala zaka pafupifupi 10.
Wood grouse
Mmodzi mwa mitundu yayikulu kwambiri m'banja lalikulu la pheasant. Kulemera kwamwamuna nthawi zambiri kumadutsa 6 kg. Mumakhala nkhalango zakale za coniferous. Grouse ya nkhuni imadziwika chifukwa cha zochitika zake zosakanikirana masika - kusanja.
Zakudya zamatabwa akuluakulu zimaphatikizapo zakudya zobiriwira, kuphatikizapo singano za paini. Anapiye ankakankha tizilombo, akangaude, mbozi. Ku Siberia, dera la Ussuri, timasamba tating'onoting'ono timakhala - mwala wa capercaillie.
Mverani ku grouse yamatabwa
Teterev
Amakhala m'nkhalango komanso m'nkhalango. Mwamuna ali ndi nthenga zamakala ndi "nsidze" zowala kwambiri. Mkazi ndi bulauni ndi ziphuphu zakuda. Wamphongo wamkulu amatha kufikira 1.5 kg, wamkazi osakwana 1.0 kg. Pali mitundu iwiri:
- Black grouse ndi wamba wamba wokhala pakatikati pa Eurasia.
- Caucasus grouse wakuda ndi mtundu wawung'ono womwe umapezeka m'nkhalango zamapiri ndi zitsamba pamalo okwera mpaka 3000 m.
Gulu
Atatsala wosadya nyama, amadyetsa anapiye ake ndi tizilombo. Amuna akulu ndi nkhuku ndi ofanana, osapitirira 0,5 kg. M'nkhalango, pakati paudzu ndi tchire, sizimawoneka chifukwa cha nthenga zake; m'nyengo yozizira, imadziyika yokha m'chipale chofewa nthawi yoyamba. Mbalameyi imavutika ndi nyama zolusa komanso kusaka kwambiri.
Partridge
Munthu wamkulu amalemera osapitirira 700 g.Amakhala m'nkhalango za coniferous, madambo, kutsetsereka kwa mapiri. Nthenga za kubisa mitundu: kumtunda ndi kofiirira, pansi ndi kopepuka, chilichonse chimakutidwa ndi ziphuphu. Zimauluka pang'ono komanso monyinyirika. Mitundu itatu ndiyodziwika:
- Partridge imvi ndi mtundu wamba.
- Ng'ombe yamadevu imakhala yofanana ndi imvi.
- Partridge waku Tibetan - amadziwa kutsetsereka kwa mapiri kumtunda wa mamita 3.5-4.5 zikwi.
Partridge yoyera
Wachibale wama partridges wamba, amaphatikizidwa ndi banja lachibale. Amakhala ndi kuberekana m'nkhalango, tundra kumpoto chakumalire kwa nkhalango za taiga. M'chilimwe, amavala chovala chofiirira chofiirira chovala choyera. Mu nthawi yophukira imayamba kugwa, imakumana ndi nyengo yozizira ndi nthenga zoyera.
Banja la njiwa
Akakumbukira Mayina a mbalame zongokhala, nkhunda zimabwera m'maganizo kaye. Banjali lili ndi mitundu 300. Onse ali ndi zizindikiro zofananira. Nkhunda pafupifupi 100% zamasamba. Kukhala ndi mkazi m'modzi. Kukondana kwasungidwa kwa zaka zingapo motsatira. Nthawi yotalikirapo: zaka 3-5.
Nkhunda
Zofanana mbalame zokhala pansi... Anthu odziwika bwino akumatauni ndi akumidzi. Nkhunda zimadziwa bwino malo okhala padenga la nyumba. Nthawi zina nkhunda zamwala zimakhazikika m'mbali mwa mitsinje, pamphepete mwa miyala, mumiyala, zipilala zosafikika. M'nyengo yotentha, akazi amaphatika kangapo, nthawi iliyonse kudyetsa anapiye 1-2.
Khalintukh
Mbalameyi imawoneka ngati nkhunda. Amapewa mawonekedwe anthropomorphic. Amakhala m'nkhalango zokhala ndi mitengo yokhwima. Chitsanzo cha mtundu womwe umaphatikiza mawonekedwe a mbalame yosamuka komanso yokhazikika. Anthu aku Siberia komanso kumpoto kwa Europe amasamukira kumwera kwa France ndi Pyrenees m'nyengo yozizira. Ma clintuchs aku Africa, Asia ndi South Europe ndi mbalame zokhala pansi.
Nkhunda yaying'ono
Mbalameyi ili ndi dzina lapakati - nkhunda yaku Egypt. Mbalameyi yakhazikika m'malo akumatauni akumwera kwa Africa ndi Central Asia. M'dera la Russia angapezeke pa Black Sea gombe. Mbalameyi ndi yaying'ono kuposa nkhunda. Silemera kupitirira magalamu 140. Lili ndi utoto wofiirira, wokhala ndi zoterera kumchira ndi m'mapiko.
Mverani mawu a nkhunda yaying'ono
Banja la Woodpecker
Ambiri mitundu mbalame wokhalamo akuphatikizidwa m'banja lino. Mbali yapadera ya nkhalango ndi kugwiritsa ntchito milomo yawo ngati chida cha ukalipentala. Ndi chithandizo chake, mbalame zimachotsa mphutsi kuchokera ku makungwa a mitengo.
Mu kasupe, opangira mitengo amatulutsa. Nthawi zambiri, anapiye 4-5, omwe amakhala akuluakulu kumapeto kwa chilimwe, amawuluka. Pambuyo pazaka 5 mpaka 10 za mitengo yosunthika mosalekeza, odula mitengo amakhala okalamba.
Wophulika Wamkulu Wopopera Woodpecker
Mutu wa banja lachitsulo. Amadziwika m'dera lalikulu: kuchokera kumpoto kwa Africa kupita kumwera kwa China. M'nthawi yonse yamasika ndi yotentha, amasanthula mitengo ikuluikulu ya mitengo posaka tizilombo. Mukugwa, amasinthana ndi njere, zakudya zopangira mbewu: mtedza, zipatso, ndi nthanga za conifer zimadyedwa.
Wokwera matabwa woyera
Chachikulu kuposa Woodpecker Wamkulu. Kunja kofanana naye. Zoyera zambiri zawonjezedwa kumbuyo kwenikweni. Kugawidwa m'nkhalango gawo la Eurasia, amakonda nkhalango, koma samauluka kumpoto kwa nkhalango za taiga. Mosiyana ndi nkhalango zina, zimapewa mawonekedwe owoneka bwino. Wokonza matabwa wokhala ndi zoyera amakhala ndi subspecies 10-12.
Woponda matabwa wochepa
Mbalame yayikulu kuposa mpheta. Nthengayo ndi yakuda ndi yopingasa, yapakatikati, mikwingwirima yoyera ndi mawanga. Odulira mitengo ocheperako nthawi zambiri amakhala m'malo abata, othamanga kwambiri, otanganidwa nthawi zonse kufunafuna tizilombo pansi pa khungwa la mtengo. M'dzinja, amaphatikiza zipatso ndi mbewu pazosankha zawo. Mosiyana ndi woponda matabwa wowoneka bwino, gawo lawo pazakudya ndilotsika.
Wosema matabwa atatu
Kukhala pansi kwa mbalame nthawi zina amasintha modabwitsa. Wokwera matabwa atatu, yemwe adakhala nthawi yotentha m'nkhalango zakumpoto ku Siberia, amatha kusamukira kumwera m'nyengo yozizira, ndiye kuti amakhala mbalame zosamukasamuka. Woponda matabwa atatu ndi kambalame kakang'ono, kolemera kuposa 90 g.
Atavala zosiyana, nthenga zakuda ndi zoyera, zokhala ndi zofiira pamutu ndi pansi pa mchira. Amachotsa chakudya pansi pa khungwa la mitengo, amatola mphutsi ndi tizilombo pamwamba pa mitengo ikuluikulu, samangokakamira nkhuni zowola.
Zhelna
Ku Eurasia konse, kuchokera ku France kupita ku Korea, kuli zhelna. M'banja la nkhalango, iyi ndi mbalame yochititsa chidwi kwambiri. Mbalameyi idavala malasha wakuda. Pamutu, kuyambira mlomo mpaka kumbuyo kwa mutu, pali kapu yofiira. Zhelna ndi mbalame yakutchire, yomwe imalima mitengo pamalo okhala ndi nkhalango mahekitala 400.
Wosema mitengo wobiriwira
Amakhala m'nkhalango zaku Europe, Caucasus ndi Western Asia. Koma ndizosowa kwambiri kotero kuti mayiko ambiri, kuphatikiza Russia, aphatikizira woponda mitengo wobiriwira mu Red Data Books. Mapikowo ndi thupi lakumtunda ndi lofanana ndi azitona.
Mbali yakumunsi ndiyotumbululuka, imvi wobiriwira. Pamaso panga pali chobisa chakuda. Amakhala m'malo osakhwima, okhwima, osati nkhalango zowirira. Wogula mitengo akhoza kuwona pamapiri otsetsereka a m'nkhalango mpaka kukafika kutalika kwa 3000 m.
Corvids banja
Mbalame zofala kwambiri zomwe zimadutsa. Mbalame zongokhala zimaphatikizaponso akhwangwala, magpies, kuksha ndi ena oimira ma corvids. Mitundu yambiri imapanga magulu ovuta a avian. Mwazidziwitso, zili m'gulu la mbalame zophunzitsidwa bwino kwambiri. Mbalame zamtundu wambiri. Nthawi zambiri amalanda, samanyoza zakufa.
Khwangwala
Woimira wamkulu wa ma corvids, wokhoza kutambasula mapiko awo ndi 1.5 mita. Kulemera kwa zitsanzo zazikulu kwambiri kumakhala pafupifupi 2 kg. Khwangwala ndi mbalame yakuda yakuda, yopanda utoto wobiriwira kumunsi kwa thupi komanso utoto wabuluu-violet kumtunda.
Amakhala m'malo osiyanasiyana. Panjira yapakati, akhwangwala nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'nkhalango. Mosiyana ndi ma corvids ena, alibe chidwi ndi midzi ikuluikulu. Imatha kuyandama kwa nthawi yayitali, kufunafuna zinthu zoyenera kudya.
Khwangwala samalumikizana pagulu, amakonda kukhala pawokha kapena awiriawiri. Amatha kuchita zomwe zimawoneka zopindulitsa. Nthawi zambiri mbalame zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chizindikiro cha nzeru.
Khwangwala wakuda ndi wakuda
Akhwangwala m'dzina, mwanjira ina, amafanana ndi abale awo - akhwangwala akuda (motsindika "o" woyamba). Ali m'banja limodzi ndi iye. Amapanga magulu akuluakulu a mbalame, amakhala pafupi ndi malo otayira kapena malo oyenera kumanga zisa. Amakonda kwambiri mapaki, manda, nyumba zogona komanso mafakitale.
- Khwangwala wokhala ndi hood ndi mtundu wofala kwambiri. Thupi ndilophula phula, mutu, mapiko, mchira ndi wakuda wakuda.
- Khwangwala wakuda ndi mbalame yakuda kwathunthu. Zina zonse sizikusiyana ndi khwangwala wokhotakhota. Amapezeka ku Far East ndi Western Europe.
Magpie
Magpie wamba kapena aku Europe amakhala ku Eurasia konse. Malire akumpoto ogawa magpies aku Europe amatha pa 65 ° N, pafupifupi kumpoto kwa mzinda wa Arkhangelsk. Malire akumwera amtunduwu amathera pagombe la Mediterranean m'maiko a Maghreb.
Thupi lozungulira, mchira wautali modabwitsa komanso zovala zakuda ndi zoyera zimapangitsa mbalameyo kuzindikirika patali. Kuphatikiza pa mawonekedwe, magpie ali ndi mawu odziwika kwambiri. Kupanda kutero, amafanana ndi ma corvids ena. Magpie ndi omnivorous, amawononga zisa, asanafike. Masika, amaswa anapiye 5-7.
Kuksha
Dzinalo "kuksha" limachokera ku kulira kopangidwa ndi mbalameyi, yofanana ndi "kuuk". Osati nthumwi yayikulu kwambiri yama corvids, yolemera zosakwana 100 g. Amakhala m'nkhalango za taiga. Mbalame zisale m'nkhalango ya kumtunda zimasamukira kum'mwera m'nyengo yozizira. Ndiye kuti, mitunduyo, yomwe nthawi zambiri imangokhala, imakhala ndi anthu osamukasamuka.
Mverani mawu a kukshi
Nutcracker
Mbalame ya Corvid posankha nkhalango za taiga kuti zisaikire mazira. Monga mbalame zonse za m'banja la corvid, ma nutcrackers amakhala ndi zakudya zamapuloteni m'zakudya zawo. Koma kuchuluka kwake kuli kochepera.
Pafupifupi 80% ya zakudya zake zimakhala ndi mbewu zobisika mumakona a conifers, kuphatikiza mtedza wa paini. Nutcracker amaswa anapiye 2-3 koyambirira kwamasika. Pakulima kwawo, ma nutcrackers awiri amatenga tizilombo taiga.
Jackdaw wamba
Mbalame yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhala pafupi ndi munthu. Amakonda mapaki amzinda, kunja, nyumba zosiyidwa. Kuphatikiza pa mizinda ndi matauni, imakhazikika m'malo owoneka bwino: m'mbali mwa magombe, milu yamiyala.
Mutu, chifuwa, kumbuyo mtundu wa phula la usiku. Mapiko ndi mchira wakuda, wabuluu ndi utoto wofiirira zitha kuwonjezeredwa pamtundu wamakala. Amakhala m'malo ovuta, ovuta. Amakhala m'midzi. Masika, anapiye 5-7 amaswa.
Jay
Ndiwofanana kukula kwa jackdaw, koma uli ndi nthenga, utoto wokhala ndi malingaliro ambiri. Thupi la jay ndi lofiirira, mapewa ake ndi amtundu wabuluu wonyezimira wokhala ndi ziphuphu zakuda, mchira wakumtunda ndi woyera, mchirawo ndi wotuwa, pafupifupi wakuda. Mitunduyi ili ndi pafupifupi 30-35 subspecies, iliyonse yomwe imatha kukhala ndi mawonekedwe amtundu wake.
Mbalameyo imadya chakudya chomera, sichiphonya mwayi wogwira tizilombo, imakhalapo kale: imawononga zisa, imatsata zokwawa, makoswe. Amakhala moyo wofanana ndi kukshu: anthu akumpoto amayendayenda kumwera, gulu la mbalame zokhala pansi Anakhazikika m'madera otentha.
Diapkovy banja
Banja limakhala ndi mtundu umodzi - omwaza. Mbalame zazing'ono zoimba. Kuphatikiza pa kuwuluka komanso kuyenda pansi, adakwanitsanso kusambira ndi kusambira. Mbawala ndi mbalame zongokhala. Koma mbalame zomwe zimakhala m'mapiri zimatha kugwa m'nyengo yozizira, pomwe nyengo imakhala yabwino.
Wowotchera wamba
Amakhala m'mphepete mwa mitsinje ndi mitsinje. Kufunafuna madzi, amakonda mitsinje yoyenda mwachangu. Wokumizirayo amakhala ndi thupi lofiirira, chifuwa choyera, ndi mlomo woonda. Womata uja samalemera kupitirira 80-85 g. Wowotcherayo amauluka mwachangu, koma izi sizabwino kwenikweni.
Dean amadya tizilombo, tomwe timachokera pansi pamtsinje, kuchokera pansi pamiyala. Kuti izi zitheke, mbalameyi imadumphira m'madzi mothandizidwa ndi mapiko ake. Kuphatikiza pa anthu okhala pansi, mbalameyi imakola tizilombo topezeka pamwamba ndi m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Amadyetsanso anapiye 5-7, omwe amaswa m'chaka panthaka, zisa zobisalamo.
Tit banja
Mbalame zazing'ono zokhala ndi nthenga zofewa. Amayi ali ndi thupi lokwanira ndi mapiko amfupi.Mlomo woboola pakati wonyezimira umatulutsa mbalame yodya tizilombo. Banjali ndilochulukirapo, limaphatikizapo ma buluu tit, tit, ma crested tits ndi ena. Amayi amakhala ndi moyo wokwanira: zaka 10-15.
Mtengo waukulu
Mbalame zimadziwika mosavuta: mawere akuluakulu ali ndi mutu wakuda ndi khosi, masaya oyera, pamwamba pa maolivi, pansi pake wachikasu. Ma subspecies ambiri amabweretsa mithunzi yawo pamtundu wa mbalame. Chakudya chachikulu cha aming'onoting'ono ndi tizilombo, tomwe mbalame zimagwira m'mphepete mwake komanso m'mapolisi.
Kuphatikiza pa nkhalango, amakhala m'minda yam'mizinda ndi m'mapaki, komwe nthawi zambiri amasakanikirana ndi mpheta. Zingwe, ziphuphu ndi zibowo zimasankhidwa pazisa, momwe ana amaswedwa kawiri pa nyengo, mumwana aliyense mumakhala anapiye 7-12.
Mverani mawu amutu waukulu
Chida chamutu wakuda
Mbalame yaying'ono, kuchuluka kwake kumachokera ku banja la tit. Imodzi mwa mbalame zazing'ono kwambiri ku Europe, imalemera 10-15 g yokha basi.Msana ndi mapiko ake ndi abulauni, pansi pake pamakhala utsi, pamutu pake pali chipewa chakuda.
Zakudya zosakaniza. Gawo lalikulu limawerengedwa ndi tizilombo. Amamanga zisa m'mayenje ndi m'malo opanikizika, momwe anapiye 7-9 amaswa mu nthawi yachilimwe. Zipangizozi zimapereka zinthu m'nyengo yozizira. Mu mitengo ikuluikulu, mbewu, zipatso ndi nkhono zimabisika pansi pa khungwa. Mbalame zazing'ono zomwe zatuluka posachedwa pachisa zimayamba ntchitoyi popanda kuphunzira, mwachilengedwe.
Banja la odutsa
Mbalame zazing'ono kapena zazing'ono zapakatikati. Kuyambira kalekale amakhala limodzi pafupi ndi munthu. Maziko a chakudya ndi njere. Podyetsa anapiye, mpheta zimakoka tizilombo tambirimbiri tomwe timauluka, tokwawa komanso kulumpha tizilombo. Mbalame zokhalitsa pachithunzichi umaimiridwa nthawi zambiri ndi mpheta.
Mpheta ya nyumba
Wotchuka kwambiri m'banja lopitilira. Amalemera 20-35 g. Mtundu wonse ndi wotuwa. Yaimuna ili ndi chipewa chakuda chakuda komanso malo akuda pansi pamlomo. Ziphuphu zilizonse m'nyumba, mitengo, zomangamanga zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chowiringula pomanga chisa. Kukonza kunyumba kumayamba mu Marichi. Pofika Juni, awiriwa amakhala ndi nthawi yodyetsa anapiye 5-10.
Pakati pa nyengo, mpheta imabweretsa ana awiri. M'madera otentha kwambiri, mpheta zimaikira mazira ndi kudyetsa anapiye katatu. Mpheta ndi mbalame zomwe zimafala kwambiri zomwe zitha kukhala kuti zimangokhala.
