Mavuto azachilengedwe padziko lonse lapansi akufulumira ku Russia. Tiyenera kuzindikira kuti dzikolo ndi amodzi mwamadothi kwambiri padziko lapansi. Izi zimakhudza moyo wabwino ndipo zimawononga thanzi la anthu. Kukula kwa zovuta zachilengedwe ku Russia, monga m'maiko ena, kumalumikizidwa ndi mphamvu yayikulu yaumunthu pa chilengedwe, chomwe chakhala chowopsa komanso chankhanza.
Kodi mavuto azachilengedwe ku Russia ndi ati?
Kuwononga mpweya
Kutulutsa zinyalala zamakampani kumawononga chilengedwe. Kuyaka kwa mafuta pagalimoto, komanso kuyaka kwa malasha, mafuta, gasi, nkhuni, ndizoyipa kwa mpweya. Tinthu todwalitsa timawononga mpweya wa ozoni ndi kuuwononga. Akamatulutsidwa mumlengalenga, amayambitsa mvula yamchere, yomwe imadetsa dziko lapansi ndi matupi amadzi. Zonsezi ndi chifukwa cha matenda a khansa ndi mtima wa anthu, komanso kutha kwa nyama. Kuwonongeka kwa mpweya kumathandizanso pakusintha kwanyengo, kutentha kwanyengo komanso kuwonjezeka kwa ma radiation kuchokera ku dzuwa;
Kudula mitengo
M'dzikoli, njira yowononga nkhalango imakhala yosalamulirika, pomwe mahekitala mazana azigawo zobiriwira amadulidwa. Zachilengedwe zasintha kwambiri kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa dzikolo, ndipo vuto la kudula mitengo kwambiri ku Siberia likuyeneranso kufulumira. Zinthu zambiri zachilengedwe za m'nkhalango zikusinthidwa kuti apange malo olimapo. Izi zimapangitsa kuti mitundu yambiri ya zinyama ndi zinyama zisamuke m'malo awo. Kuzungulira kwamadzi kumasokonekera, nyengo imawuma kwambiri ndipo kutentha kumapangidwa;
Kuwononga madzi ndi nthaka
Zonyansa za mafakitale ndi zapakhomo zimawononga madzi apadziko lapansi komanso nthaka komanso nthaka. Mavutowa akuchulukirachulukira chifukwa mdziko muno mulibe malo opangira madzi ambiri, ndipo zida zambiri zomwe zikugwiritsidwa ntchito ndizachikale. Komanso makina olima ndi feteleza zimawononga nthaka. Palinso vuto lina - kuwonongeka kwa nyanja chifukwa cha mafuta omwe adatayika. Chaka chilichonse, mitsinje ndi nyanja zimaipitsa zinyalala za mankhwala. Mavuto onsewa amabweretsa kusowa kwa madzi akumwa, chifukwa magwero ambiri ndiosayenera ngakhale kugwiritsa ntchito madzi pazinthu zaluso. Zimathandizanso kuwononga zachilengedwe, mitundu ina ya nyama, nsomba ndi mbalame zimafa;
Zinyalala zapakhomo
Pafupifupi, aliyense wokhala ku Russia amawerengera zinyalala zolimba za makilogalamu 400 pachaka. Njira yokhayo yotulukiranso ndikubwezeretsanso zinyalala (mapepala, magalasi). Pali mabizinesi ochepa omwe amayang'anira kutaya kapena kukonzanso zinyalala mdziko muno;
Kuwononga nyukiliya
M'malo ambiri opanga zida za nyukiliya zida zake ndizachikale ndipo zinthu zikuyandikira zowopsa, chifukwa ngozi imatha kuchitika nthawi iliyonse. Kuphatikiza apo, zinyalala za nyukiliya sizigwiritsidwe ntchito mokwanira. Poizoniyu yochokera ku zinthu zoopsa imayambitsa kusintha kwa maselo m'thupi la munthu, nyama, chomera. Zinthu zodetsedwa zimalowa m'thupi limodzi ndi madzi, chakudya ndi mpweya, zimayikidwa, ndipo zovuta za radiation zitha kuwoneka patapita kanthawi;
Kuwonongeka kwa madera otetezedwa komanso kupha nyama mosavomerezeka
Kuchita zosaloledwa kumeneku kumabweretsa kufa kwa mitundu iwiri yonse ya zomera ndi zinyama, ndikuwononga zachilengedwe.
Mavuto aku Arctic
Ponena za mavuto ena azachilengedwe ku Russia, kuphatikiza padziko lonse lapansi, pali madera angapo. Choyamba, ndi Mavuto aku Arctic... Zachilengedwezi zidawonongeka pakukula kwake. Pali malo ochulukirapo osafikira mafuta ndi gasi. Akayamba kutulutsidwa, padzakhala chiwopsezo chotaya mafuta. Kutentha kwadziko kumabweretsa kusungunuka kwa madzi oundana a Arctic, amatha kutha kwathunthu. Chifukwa cha njirazi, mitundu yambiri ya nyama zakumpoto ikufa, ndipo zachilengedwe zikusintha kwambiri, pali chiwopsezo chodzaza dzikoli.
Baikal
Baikal ndiye gwero la 80% yamadzi akumwa ku Russia, ndipo dera lamadzi ili lidawonongeka chifukwa cha makina amphero, omwe adataya pafupi mafakitale, zinyalala zapakhomo, zinyalala. Sitima yamagetsi yopangira magetsi ku Irkutsk imakhudzanso nyanjayi. Osati magombe okhawo omwe awonongedwa, madziwo ndiodetsedwa, koma mulingo wake nawonso umatsika, malo obisalira nsomba awonongeka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti anthu asowe.
Beseni la Volga limakumana ndi katundu wambiri wopatsa mphamvu. Ubwino wamadzi a Volga ndi kulowa kwake sikugwirizana ndi zosangalatsa komanso ukhondo. Ndi 8% yokha yamadzi onyansa omwe amatsitsidwa mumitsinje omwe amathandizidwa. Kuphatikiza apo, dzikolo lili ndi vuto lalikulu lotsitsa mitsinje m'madzi onse, ndipo mitsinje yaying'ono ikuuma nthawi zonse.
Gulf of Finland
Gulf of Finland imawerengedwa kuti ndi malo owopsa kwambiri amadzi ku Russia, chifukwa m'madzi mumakhala mafuta ochuluka omwe adatayika chifukwa cha ngozi zapamadzi. Palinso ntchito yogwira poaching, yomwe ikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa nyama. Palinso nsomba zosalamulirika zomwe zimagwira.
Ntchito yomanga mizinda ikuluikulu ndi misewu ikuluikulu zimawononga nkhalango ndi zinthu zina zachilengedwe mdziko lonseli. M'mizinda yamakono, pali mavuto osati kuwonongeka kwa mpweya ndi hydrosphere, komanso phokoso la phokoso. Ndi m'mizinda momwe vuto lazinyalala zapanyumba limachuluka kwambiri. M'malo okhala mdziko muno, palibe malo obiriwira okwanira omwe ali ndi minda, komanso palibenso mpweya wabwino. Mzinda waku Russia wa Norilsk ndiwachiwiri pamizinda yoyipitsidwa kwambiri padziko lapansi. Zinthu zoyipa zachilengedwe zakhazikitsidwa m'mizinda yaku Russia monga Moscow, St. Petersburg, Cherepovets, Asbest, Lipetsk ndi Novokuznetsk.
Vuto la kuchuluka kwa anthu
Poganizira zovuta zosiyanasiyana zachilengedwe ku Russia, munthu sanganyalanyaze vuto lakuchepa kwaumoyo wa anthu mdzikolo. Mawonekedwe akulu a vutoli ndi awa:
- - kudzitsitsa kwa majini ndi masinthidwe;
- - kuchuluka kwa matenda obadwa nawo ndi kudwala;
- - matenda ambiri amakhala osatha;
- - kuwonongeka kwa ukhondo ndi ukhondo moyo ena zigawo za anthu;
- - kuchuluka kwa anthu osokoneza bongo ndi omwe amamwa mowa mwauchidakwa;
- - kukulitsa kuchuluka kwa kufa kwa makanda;
- - kukula kwa osabereka amuna ndi akazi;
- - miliri wokhazikika;
- - kuchuluka kwa odwala khansa, chifuwa, matenda a mtima.
Mndandanda ukupitilira. Mavuto onsewa ndi zotsatira zazikulu zowononga chilengedwe. Ngati mavuto azachilengedwe ku Russia sanathetsedwe, ndiye kuti chiwerengero cha odwala chidzawonjezeka, ndipo anthu azicheperachepera.
Njira zothetsera mavuto azachilengedwe
Njira yothetsera mavuto azachilengedwe imadalira ntchito za akuluakulu aboma. Ndikofunikira kuwongolera madera onse azachuma kuti mabizinesi onse achepetse zovuta zawo pachilengedwe. Tikufunikiranso kukhazikitsa ndi kukhazikitsa ukadaulo wazachilengedwe. Amathanso kubwerekedwa kuchokera kwa omwe akukonza zakunja. Masiku ano, pamafunika njira zazikulu kuti athane ndi zovuta zachilengedwe. Komabe, tiyenera kukumbukira kuti zambiri zimatengera tokha: pa njira ya moyo, kupulumutsa zachilengedwe ndi maubwino am'magulu, kukhalabe aukhondo komanso posankha tokha. Mwachitsanzo, aliyense akhoza kutaya zinyalala, kupereka mapepala owonongeka, kupulumutsa madzi, kuyatsa moto m'chilengedwe, kugwiritsa ntchito mbale zomwe zingagwiritsidwenso ntchito, kugula matumba apepala m'malo mwa apulasitiki, kuwerenga ma e-book. Izi zing'onozing'ono zikuthandizani kuti mupange nawo gawo pothandizira kukonza zachilengedwe ku Russia.
