Nyanja yayikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi ndi Pacific Ocean. Lili ndi malo ozama kwambiri padziko lapansi - Mariana Trench. Nyanja ndi yayikulu kwambiri moti imaposa malo onse apadziko lapansi, ndipo imakhala pafupifupi theka la nyanja zonse zapadziko lapansi. Ofufuzawo amakhulupirira kuti nyanja yamchere idayamba kupanga nthawi ya Mesozoic, pomwe kontrakitalayo idasokonekera kukhala makontinenti. Munthawi ya Jurassic, mbale zazikulu zinayi zam'madzi zam'madzi zidapangidwa. Kuphatikiza apo, ku Cretaceous, gombe la Pacific lidayamba kupanga, mawonekedwe aku America adawonekera, ndipo Australia idachoka ku Antarctica. Pakadali pano, kusuntha kwa mbale kukupitilizabe, monga zikuwonetseredwa ndi zivomerezi ndi tsunami ku Southeast Asia.
Ndizovuta kulingalira, koma dera lathunthu la Pacific Ocean ndi 178.684 miliyoni km². Kunena zowona, madzi amatuluka kuchokera kumpoto mpaka kumwera kwa 15.8 zikwi, kuchokera kummawa mpaka kumadzulo - kwa 19.5,000 km. Asanaphunzire mwatsatanetsatane, nyanjayi inkatchedwa Great kapena Pacific.
Makhalidwe a Pacific Ocean
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti Nyanja ya Pacific ndi gawo la Nyanja Yadziko Lonse ndipo ili ndi malo otsogola malinga ndi dera, chifukwa imapanga 49.5% yamadzi onse. Chifukwa cha kafukufukuyu, zidavumbulutsidwa kuti kuya kwakukulu ndi 11.023 km. Malo ozama kwambiri amatchedwa "Challenger Phompho" (polemekeza chombo chofufuzira chomwe chidalemba koyamba kuzama kwa nyanja).
Zilumba zikwi zambiri zimabalalika kunyanja ya Pacific. Ndi m'madzi a Nyanja Yaikulu pomwe zilumba zazikulu kwambiri zili, kuphatikiza New Guinea ndi Kalimantan, komanso zilumba za Great Sunda.
Mbiri yakukula ndi kuphunzira kwa Pacific Ocean
Anthu adayamba kuyang'ana Nyanja ya Pacific nthawi zakale, popeza njira zoyendera zofunika kwambiri zimadutsamo. Mitundu ya Inca ndi Aleuts, Malays and Polynesia, Japan, komanso anthu ena ndi mayiko akugwiritsa ntchito mwachilengedwe zachilengedwe za m'nyanja. Azungu oyamba kufufuza nyanja anali Vasco Nunez ndi F. Magellan. Mamembala a maulendowa adapanga zigawo zazilumba za m'zilumba, chilumba, zomwe zidalemba za mphepo ndi mafunde, kusintha kwa nyengo. Komanso, zina zokhudza zomera ndi zinyama zinalembedwa, koma ndizochepa kwambiri. M'tsogolomu, akatswiri achilengedwe adasonkhanitsa oimira nyama ndi zinyama kuti azisonkhanitse, kuti adzawafufuze mtsogolo.
Wopeza wogonjetsa Nunez de Balboa adayamba kuphunzira madzi a Pacific Ocean mu 1513. Anatha kupeza malo omwe sanachitikepo chifukwa chakuyenda kudutsa Isthmus of Panama. Popeza ulendowu udafika kunyanja yomwe ili kumwera, Balboa adapatsa nyanjayo "South Sea". Pambuyo pake, Magellan adalowa munyanja. Ndipo chifukwa adapambana mayesero onse ndendende miyezi itatu ndi masiku makumi awiri (nyengo yabwino), wapaulendo adapereka dzina kunyanja "Pacific".
Pambuyo pake, mu 1753, wolemba malo wotchedwa Buach akufuna kutchula nyanja kuti Great, koma aliyense kwanthawi yayitali amakonda "Pacific Ocean" ndipo pempholi silinalandiridwe konsekonse. Mpaka koyambirira kwa zaka za zana la khumi ndi chisanu ndi chisanu ndi chiwiri, nyanjayi idatchedwa "Pacific Sea", "Eastern Ocean", ndi zina zambiri.
Maulendo a Krusenstern, O. Kotzebue, E. Lenz ndi anthu ena oyenda panyanja anafufuza nyanja, adasonkhanitsa zambiri, adayesa kutentha kwa madzi ndikuwunika momwe amathandizira, adachita kafukufuku m'madzi. Chakumapeto kwa zaka za zana la khumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi komanso m'zaka za zana la makumi awiri, kuphunzira za nyanja yamchere kunayamba kukhala kovuta. Malo apadera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja adakonzedwa ndipo maulendo anyanja adachitika, cholinga chake chinali kusonkhanitsa zidziwitso zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nyanja:
- thupi;
- zachilengedwe;
- mankhwala;
- zachilengedwe.
Kutumiza Challenger
Kafukufuku wambiri wamadzi a Pacific Ocean adayamba nthawi yofufuza ndi gulu la Chingerezi (kumapeto kwa zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chitatu) pa sitima yotchuka ya Challenger. Munthawi imeneyi, asayansi adasanthula mapangidwe apansi ndi mawonekedwe a Pacific Ocean. Izi zinali zofunikira kwambiri kuti ntchito yolumikizira chingwe cham'madzi m'madzi ichitike. Chifukwa cha maulendo angapo, kukweza ndi kugwedeza, zitunda zapansi pamadzi, maenje ndi zikho, madontho apansi ndi zina zidadziwika. Kupezeka kwa deta kunathandizira kupanga mapu amitundu yonse okhudzana ndi mawonekedwe apansi.
Pambuyo pake, mothandizidwa ndi seismograph, zidatheka kuzindikira mphete yazisangalalo ya Pacific.
Dera lofunikira kwambiri pakufufuza kwamadzi ndikufufuza kachitidwe ka ufa. Kuchuluka kwa mitundu ya zomera ndi zinyama zapansi pamadzi ndizokulirapo kotero kuti ngakhale kuchuluka kwake sikungadziwike. Ngakhale kuti kutukuka kwa nyanja kwakhala kukuchitika kuyambira kalekale, anthu apeza zambiri zokhudzana ndi dera lamadzi ili, komabe pali zambiri zomwe sizinafufuzidwe pansi pamadzi a Pacific Ocean, kotero kafukufuku akupitabe mpaka pano.
