Mbalame yodya nyama, yooneka ngati ya mphamba, imachita chidwi ndiulemerero. Maonekedwe okongola, kuwuluka kochititsa chidwi, maupangiri ophatikizika amaphatikizidwa ndi mawu a mbalame yachilendo, yofanana ndi meow. Chifukwa chake, dzinalo lidadzuka khungubwe kuchokera ku verebu "kubuula", mwachitsanzo monyansidwa moyenera, lirani, fewani. Kupanda kutero, nyama yolusa ija imatchedwa khungubwe.
Mbalame yamphongo yamphongo
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Mbalameyi imachokera ku banja lalikulu la nkhono zazing'ono. Kutalika kwa thupi 55-57 masentimita, mchira umatambasula 25-28 cm, mapiko ozungulira m'lifupi - pafupifupi masentimita 120. Akazi nthawi zambiri amakhala akulu kuposa amuna. Kulemera kwa anthu osiyanasiyana ndi 500-1300 g.
Chovala chanthenga cha akhungubwe ndichosiyanasiyana kotero kuti pakuchita ndizosatheka kupeza anthu ofanana. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imaphatikizapo mitundu yakuda, imvi, yofiirira, yoyera komanso yachikaso.
Mitundu ina, nthenga zofiirira zakuda zokhala ndi mapiko oyenda pamchira wa nthenga zimakhazikika, mwa zina mtundu wofiirira wokhala ndi zilembo zakuda ndi mikwingwirima. Achinyamata amasiyanitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe osiyana siyana. Pansi pamapiko a mbalame pali zolemba zowala.
Manja ndi ofiira-achikaso, milomo yabuluu m'munsi mosinthasintha pang'onopang'ono mpaka kukhala mdima kumapeto kwake. Maso ndi ofiira pamaso panu, ofiira ofiira mwa anapiye, koma ndi zaka, utoto umasanduka imvi pang'onopang'ono.
Ma buzzards amawona bwino, amakhudza bwino. Zolusa zimamva ndikumva kununkhiza. Buzzards ndiwofulumira, amachenjera. Eni ake a mbalame zomwe zimakhala mu ukapolo amazindikira luso la mbalame.
Ndege ya Buzzard
Mphuno Liwu la khungubwe odziwika bwino kwa akatswiri ambiri achilengedwe. Phokoso lomwe amuna amapanga limakhala lapamwamba kuposa mawu omwe akazi amapanga. Ndikotheka kumva nyimbo zawo pokhapokha nyengo yokwanira. Nthawi zonse akhungubwi amakhala mwakachetechete, osakopa chidwi chawo mwa kufuula kapena mawu ena.
Mverani mawu a khungubwe
Mitundu
M'magulu a ziphuphu, magulu awiri amadziwika mofanana:
- buteo - moyo wokhala pansi ndi mawonekedwe, kusamukira kumalo akutali ndikololedwa;
- vulpinus - imasamukira kutali, kusiyapo anthu okhala ku Himalaya.
Mitundu yodziwika bwino ya akhungubwe ndi awa:
- khungubwe wamba... Anthu amakulidwe apakati okhala ndi nthenga zingapo zosiyanasiyana. Pogawidwa m'dera lamatchire la Eurasia, amakhala moyo wongokhala;
- khungubwe wofiira. Amakhala m'chigawo cha North and Central America. Amakonda nkhalango pafupi ndi malo otseguka. Dzinali limafotokoza za mawonekedwe ake amtunduwo. Mapikowo amadziwika ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira;
- Buluzi. Mbalame zazikuluzikulu zokhala ndi mapiko otalika masentimita 160. Mutu ndi chifuwa ndi nthenga zopepuka, zopanda mizere. Mtundu wa pamimba, mawoko ndi ofiira. Amakhala m'dera la Mediterranean, kumpoto kwa Africa, Greece, Turkey. Malo okongola a mapiri ndi zipululu zazing'ono ndi zokongola kwa Buzzards amiyendo yayitali;
- Upland Buzzard... Mbalameyi ndi yofanana kukula kwake ndi khungubwe wamba. Kusiyanako kuli pamtundu wonyezimira wamimba. Dzinalo likutsindika kuzindikirika kwa nthenga za zala zakumapazi. Amakhala zigawo zakumpoto kwa Eurasia, North America, ndi madera azilumba;
- svenson buluzi. Kukula kwa mbalame ndi kocheperako kuposa kobadwa nako. Mutha kuzindikira zosiyanasiyana ndi malo oyera pakhosi, mapiko olimba abulauni opanda mawanga, ndi mimba yopepuka. Kuuluka kwa khungubwi kukufanana ndi kayendedwe ka kaiti. Amakhala ku Canada, Mexico. Hibernate amapita ku California, Florida;
Ndikosavuta kuzindikira khungubwe wa Svenson ndi nthenga zoyera pakhosi
- khungubwe mumsewu. Mofananamo pakuwoneka ngati mpheta. Kumbuyo kwake ndi kotuwa, mimba ndi yachikasu yopepuka ndi mikwingwirima yofiira. Nkhalango zam'madera otentha ndi madera otentha zimakopa mbalamezi;
- Galapagos Buzzard. Mbalame ndi zazing'ono kukula ndi bulauni mtundu. Mikwingwirima yakuda imakongoletsa mchira. Mitunduyi imapezeka kudera lalikulu la zilumba za Galapagos;
- Khungubwe wamapiri waku Africa. Mbalame zazing'ono zokhala ndi nthenga zakuda. Pamimba pake pamayera ndi zitsotso zofiirira. Amakhala m'maiko aku Africa pakati pamapiri ndi mapiri okwera mamita 4500 pamwamba pa nyanja;
- Madagascar Buzzard. Kumakhala malo ochokera kumapiri otsetsereka mpaka kumapiri, nkhalango zotentha ndi zotentha;
- Upland Buzzard. Maonekedwe ake amafanana ndi khungubwe lalitali. Nthenga zambiri zimakhala zofiirira. Malo okhalira nyama - m'mapiri otseguka, m'mapiri a Altai, Manchuria. Kwa nthawi yozizira, mbalameyi imawulukira ku China, Turkestan, Iran;
- thanthwe. Mitu yaying'ono ndi milomo yamphamvu imasiyanitsa wokhala m'mapiri ku South Africa. Chiwombankhanga chili ndi nthenga zaimvi ndi mchira wofiira;
- khungubwe la nsomba. Amakonda kusambira pafupi ndi matupi amadzi m'nkhalango. Amakhala kumadera otentha a ku Mexico, Argentina. Zotupa;
- khungubwi. Mitunduyi ndi yofanana ndi khungubwe wamba. Zimaswana kum'mawa kwa Asia. Mphungu ya Hawk - kuwona kosowa.
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Kugawidwa kwakukulu kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya akhungubwe kumakhudza madera okwera ndi mapiri. Akhungubwe salola anthu achilendo kuloŵa m'malo okhalamo. Ali mlengalenga, pakati pa nkhalango, amalimbana kwambiri ndi akunja, ndikuwakankhira kunja kwa malo awo.
Mutha kuzindikira khungubwe m'nkhalango momwe amakhalira - mbalame zimakhala panthambi, zopindika komanso mwendo wopindika. Izi sizimawalepheretsa kuti ayang'ane mwatcheru zomwe zikuchitika mozungulira ndikusaka nyama. Ngakhale patchuthi, mbalame sizimatha kukhala tcheru.
Khungubwe limauluka pang'onopang'ono, mwakachetechete, nthawi zambiri limayandama kwa nthawi yayitali m'malo obiriwira. Mbalameyi imathamangira mbalameyo mofulumira, ikukanikiza mapiko onse awiriwo. Pafupi kwambiri ndi nthaka khungubwe wamba mwachangu amatambasula mapiko ake ndipo agwira nyama ndi zikhadabo zolimba.
Kusaka, osati kokha kuwona kwamaso ndi thandizo lakumva, komanso kuchenjera, luso, luso. Makhalidwe amenewa amapulumutsa adani awo kwa adani awo. Kwawonedwa kuti asanagone usiku, ankhandwe amasokoneza mayendedwe awo kuti pasakhale aliyense wodya nyama wanjala yemwe amatsata mbalameyo.
Buzzards amasaka nyama m'malo otseguka. Mbalame zimauluka m'mwamba kapena zimayang'ana nyama kuchokera kuphiri, zikubisalira. Kumeneko ali osasunthika kwathunthu kuti akhalebe osadziwika.
Mitundu yosamuka imakhamukira kumadera otentha mu Epulo-Meyi, kutengera nyengo. Ndege zakugwa kumapeto kwa Ogasiti mpaka Seputembara.
Zakudya zabwino
Chakudyacho chimadya chakudya cha nyama: mbewa, makoswe, nkhono, timadontho, agologolo ndi makoswe ena, omwe khungubwe limakonda chakudya china. Chiwombankhanga chimatha kukhala kalulu wapakatikati kapena mphanga ya m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Ziwala, agulugufe, zimbudzi ndi dzombe zimadyedwa. Khungubwe limasaka mbalame - magawo, maphatikizi, mbalame zakuda, ndi mbalame zina zing'onozing'ono zimakhala nyama.
Kuthetsa makoswe mbalame ya khungubwe ndipindulitsa kwambiri. Mu tsiku limodzi lokha, tizidutswa tating'onoting'ono ting'onoting'ono pafupifupi 30 timakhala chakudya chake. M'chakachi, nambala yawo imafika pafupifupi 11,000. Popeza kuti makoswe ndiwo chakudya chokonda kwambiri cha akhungubwe, panthaŵi yogawidwa kwawo kochuluka, mbalame sizimasinthira ku chakudya china.
Njoka zapoizoni zimadziwika kuti zimadya nyongolotsi. Koma mbalameyo siyotetezedwa ku zokwawa zokwawa. Kuperewera kwa chitetezo kumabweretsa imfa ya khungubwe ngati njoka ili ndi nthawi yoluma. Izi zimachitika kawirikawiri.
Liwiro lachiwombankhanga limagwira wodwalayo modzidzimutsa. Pochita izi, khungubwe limathamanga kwambiri mwakuti, posowa, limagunda chimtengo cha khoma, khoma. Nthawi ya njala, khungubwi limatha kudya zovunda.
Zingwe zopakidwa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kunyamula nyamayo, mlomo wakuthwa umakulolani kuti mujambula zikopa zolimba za nyama.
Kuchepetsa khungubwe polimbana ndi nyama
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Akazi a buzzard ndi akulu kukula kuposa amuna. Palibe zisonyezo zina zakusiyana pakati pawo. Mabanja omwe adapangidwa a mbalame amasungidwa kwa nthawi yayitali mbalame.
Nthawi yokwatirana ya mbalame imodzi imapezeka kumayambiriro kwa masika. Kulimbana kosayanjanitsika kumachitika pakati pa amuna kuti akazi azisamalira. Magule ampweya, akukwera mlengalenga, nyimbo zikuimbidwa kuti zikope banja. Nthawi zina pamakhala nkhondo zazikulu.
Chisa cha mbalame ndi mazira
Mabungwe omwe amapangidwa amayamba kumanga zisa pamitengo yodula, nthawi zambiri pamitengo ya coniferous. Nyumbayi imamangidwa ndi mbalame palimodzi kutalika kwa 6-15 metres pa mphanda munthambi zowirira. Nthawi zina chisa chakale chimakhala maziko oyenera.
Malo okhala banja amatha kumangidwa pamiyala malingana ndi malo okhala mbalamezo. Chisa cha mbalamechi chimamangidwa ndi nthambi zomwe zimalukidwa ndi udzu wouma. Mkati mwake, pansi pake pamadzaza ndi moss, masamba obiriwira, zidutswa za ubweya wa nyama, nthenga. Chisa chimatetezedwa mosamala kwa alendo.
Pofundira nthawi zambiri pamakhala mazira 3-4, osachepera 4-5, wobiriwira wobiriwira ndimadontho akuda. Makolo onse awiri akutuluka kwa milungu isanu. Anapiye ongobadwa kumene amawoneka koyambirira kwa Juni ndipo amafunikira chidwi nthawi zonse.
Thupi la nkhuku iliyonse limakutidwa ndi imvi yakuda. Mkazi amakhala "ali pantchito" nthawi zonse, khungubwe wamwamuna amasaka panthawiyi kuti adyetse banja lalikulu. Nyama yomwe abweretsayo imadyedwa koyamba ndi yaakazi, kenako kankhuku.
Nthawi yomwe ana amakhala pachisa ndi masiku pafupifupi 40-50. Ana amakula mwamphamvu, amaphunzira kuuluka, ndikusiya makolo awo koyambirira kwa Ogasiti. Pakati pa nyengoyi, khungubwe wamkazi amakwanitsanso kuikira mazira ndikudyetsa anapiye, ngati choyambacho sichingasungidwe. Izi zimakhala ngati chitetezo chachilengedwe motsutsana ndi ana omwe alephera.
Moyo wa akhungubwe ndi wautali kwambiri, ndi zaka 24-26. M'mikhalidwe yosungidwa, ali mu ukapolo, amakhala zaka 30-32.Buzzard pachithunzichi amawoneka otamandika, onyada. Ndikupambana kukumana naye m'chilengedwe. Osati kawirikawiri amathawira m'malo okhala ndi nkhalango zamatauni.
Anapiye a khungubwe
Oyang'anira mbalame awona chinthu chosangalatsa: pomwe akhungubwe amawonekera - akhwangwala amasowa, amawopa chilombo. Koma khungubwi sikakhumudwitsa, mosiyana ndi akhwangwala, anapiye a mbalame zing'onozing'ono, kuyimba usiku, njovu, nyerere, ngati ili ndi mbewa ndi dzombe lokwanira. Mbalame yolemekezeka!
