Pali nkhalango zambiri padziko lapansi, pomwe mawonekedwe ake enieni ndi mitengo. Kutengera nyengo ndi chilengedwe, nkhalango ndizosiyana. Ngati mitengo ikuluikulu ikulamulira, ndiye nkhalango yayikulu. Malo achilengedwe otere amapezeka makamaka ku taiga ya kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi, komanso kum'mwera kwa dziko lapansi, amapezeka nthawi zina kumadera otentha. Nkhalango Taiga amatchedwanso boreal. Ali ku North America ndi Eurasia. Mitengo imamera pano m'malo ozizira ozizira panthaka ya podzolic.
Pakati pa madera achilengedwe, Meshchera Lowland iyenera kusiyanitsidwa, pagawo lomwe pali Great Belt of Coniferous Forests. Ili ku Russia - m'chigawo cha Ryazan, Moscow ndi Vladimir. M'mbuyomu, nkhalango za coniferous zidazungulira dera lalikulu kuchokera ku Polesie mpaka ku Urals, koma lero ndi gawo laling'ono lachilengedwe lino lomwe latsala. Pines ndi ma spruces aku Europe amakula pano.
Chiyambi cha nkhalango za coniferous
Nkhalango zamtunduwu zimayambira nthawi ya Cenozoic m'mapiri aku Asia. Analalikiranso madera ang'onoang'ono a Siberia. M'mapeto a Pliocene, kuzirala kudathandizira kutsika kwa kutentha, ndipo ma conifers adayamba kukula m'chigwa mchigawo cha Continental, kukulitsa gawo lalikulu lawo. Nkhalango zimafalikira nthawi yapakati. Pa Holocene, malire a nkhalango ya coniferous adakulira kumpoto kwa Eurasia.
Maluwa a lamba wa coniferous
Mitundu yopanga nkhalango ya lamba wa coniferous ndi iyi:
- mitengo ya paini;
- larch;
- mtengo;
- kudya;
- mikungudza.
Pali mitengo yosiyanasiyana m'nkhalango. Ku Canada ndi USA, mutha kupeza fir ndi basamu spruce, Sitka ndi American spruce, yellow pine. Ziphuphu, ma hemlock, cypress, redwood ndi thuja zimamera pano.
M'nkhalango zaku Europe, mutha kupeza zoyera zoyera, European larch, juniper ndi yew, wamba komanso wakuda paini. M'malo ena mumakhala mitengo ya mapale. M'nkhalango za Siberia zotchedwa coniferous, pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya larch ndi spruce, fir ndi mkungudza, komanso mlombwa. Ku Far East, Sayan spruce ndi larches, Kuril fir mitengo imakula. Nkhalango zonse za coniferous zili ndi zitsamba zosiyanasiyana. M'malo ena, tchire la hazel, euonymus ndi raspberries zimakula pakati pa ma conifers. Pali lichen, moss, herbaceous zomera pano.
Zotsatira zake, Great Belt of Coniferous Forests ndi malo achilengedwe apadera omwe adapangidwa nyengo yachisanu chisanadze ndikuwonjezeka munthawi zotsatira. Kusintha kwanyengo kwakhudza gawo logawika kwa ma conifers komanso mawonekedwe apadera a nkhalango zapadziko lonse lapansi.
