Khungubwe wamba ndi wodya nyama zapakatikati wopezeka ku Europe, Asia ndi Africa, komwe amasamukira m'nyengo yozizira. Chifukwa cha kukula kwake ndi utoto wofiirira, akhungubwe amasokonezeka ndi mitundu ina, makamaka ndi mphamba yofiira ndi chiwombankhanga chagolide. Mbalame zimawoneka chimodzimodzi patali, koma khungubwe wamba amakhala ndi kulira kwapadera, kofanana ndi mphalapala wa mphaka, komanso mawonekedwe owulukira. Pakunyamuka ndikuuluka mlengalenga, mchira umakhazikika, khungubwe imagwira mapiko ake ngati "V" wosazama. Mtundu wa mbalame umakhala wofiirira mpaka kupepuka pang'ono. Ziphuphu zonse zili ndi michira yakuthwa ndi mapiko akuda.
Kugawidwa kwa ziphuphu m'zigawo
Mitunduyi imapezeka ku Europe ndi Russia, mbali zina za kumpoto kwa Africa ndi Asia m'nyengo yozizira yozizira. Buzzards amakhala:
- m'nkhalango;
- ku moorlands;
- msipu;
- pakati pa tchire;
- nthaka yolimapo;
- madambo;
- midzi,
- nthawi zina m'mizinda.
Zizolowezi za mbalame ndi moyo wawo
Khungubwe wamba amawoneka waulesi akakhala mwakachetechete komanso kwanthawi yayitali panthambi, koma kwenikweni ndi mbalame yogwira ntchito yomwe imawuluka uku ndi uku m'minda ndi m'nkhalango. Nthawi zambiri amakhala yekhayekha, koma akasamukira kwina, gulu la anthu 20 limapangidwa, akhungubwe amagwiritsa ntchito mpweya wofunda popita maulendo ataliatali osachita khama.
Kuuluka pamwamba pamadzi akuluakulu, komwe kulibe akasupe amadzi otentha, monga Strait of Gibraltar, mbalame zimakwera kwambiri, kenako zimauluka pamwamba pa nyanjayi. Khungubwe ndi nyama zam'madera ambiri, ndipo mbalame zimamenya nkhondo ngati awiri kapena ankhandwe amodzi alowa m'dera la awiriwo. Mbalame zing'onozing'ono zambiri, monga akhwangwala ndi nkhwangwa, zimawona akhungubwe ngati chiopsezo kwa iwo okha ndipo amakhala gulu lonse, kuthamangitsa nyama zolusa kutali ndi dera kapena mtengo winawake.
Kodi khungubwe amadya chiyani
Buzzards wamba amakonda kudya ndipo amadya:
- mbalame;
- nyama zazing'ono zazing'ono;
- kulemera kwakufa.
Ngati nyamazi sizikwanira, mbalame zimadya nyongolotsi ndi tizilombo tambiri.
Miyambo yokometsera mbalame
Buzzards wamba amakhala amodzi, okwatirana moyo wonse. Amuna amakopa mnzake (kapena amakopa mnzake) pomachita kachitidwe kosangalatsa mlengalenga kotchedwa roller coaster. Mbalameyi imawuluka m'mwamba kwambiri, kenako imatembenuka ndikutsika, ndikupotoza ndikuzungulira mozungulira, kuti iwukenso nthawi yomweyo ndikubwereza miyambo yakuswana.
Kuyambira mwezi wa Marichi mpaka Meyi, awiriawiriwo amamanga chisa mumtengo waukulu panthambi kapena mkondo, nthawi zambiri kufupi ndi nkhalango. Chisa ndi nsanja yochuluka ya timitengo yokutidwa ndi zobiriwira, pomwe mkazi amaikira mazira awiri kapena anayi. Makulidwewa amatenga masiku 33 mpaka 38, ndipo anapiyewo ataswa, amayi awo amasamalira anawo kwa milungu itatu, ndipo yamphongoyo imabweretsa chakudya. Kulemba kumachitika anawo ali ndi masiku 50 mpaka 60, ndipo makolo onse amawadyetsa milungu ina isanu ndi umodzi kapena isanu ndi itatu. Ali ndi zaka zitatu, akhungubwi wamba amakhala okhwima mwa kubereka.
Zopseza malingaliro
Mphemvu wamba saopsezedwa padziko lapansi pano. Kuchuluka kwa mbalame kudakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kuchepa kwa zaka za m'ma 1950 mu kuchuluka kwa akalulu, chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zopezera chakudya, chifukwa cha myxomatosis (matenda omwe amayambitsidwa ndi kachilombo ka Myxoma kamene kamayambitsa lagomorphs).
Kuchuluka kwa akhungubwe
Chiwerengedwe chonse ndi pafupifupi anthu mamiliyoni 2-4 okhwima. Ku Europe, pafupifupi 800,000 -1 400 000 awiriawiri kapena 1 600 000-2 800 000 okhwima anthu chisa. Mwambiri, ma buzzard wamba amadziwika kuti alibe chiopsezo ndipo manambala amakhalabe osasunthika. Monga zilombo zolusa, mbozi zimakhudza kuchuluka kwa nyama zomwe zimadya.
