Sitatunga Ndi mphalapala wosowa kwambiri. Amadziwika ndi ziboda zazitali, zotambasula. Ziboda izi zimawapangitsa kukhala osasunthika komanso osatetezeka m'malo ovuta, koma oyenera kuyenda m'madambo amadzimadzi, okhala ndi masamba. Malaya awo amanjenje, amafuta ndi mawonekedwe ena okhala ndi madzi.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Sitatunga
Sitatunga (Tragelaphus spekii) ndi membala wa anthete (ya banja la ng'ombe) ya Vinton, yomwe imaphatikizaponso Nyala ndi Kudu. Ngakhale sitatunga ndiwofala, ngakhale ambiri, m'madambo aku Africa ndi madambo osatha, ndichimodzi mwazinsinsi kwambiri komanso zosadziwika kwambiri pakati pa nyama zazikulu zaku Africa.
Chosangalatsa: Sitatung ali m'banja limodzi ndi ng'ombe. Sitatunga ndi gawo la banja la bovid. Sitatunga adapeza dzina lake la sayansi kuchokera kwa wofufuza malo waku England a John Hanning Speke, omwe adawatchula mu 1863. Mosiyana ndi ng'ombe, sitatunga sanakhalepo woweta ng'ombe.
Kanema: Sitatunga
Nyamakazi za sitatunga ndizodziwika bwino kwambiri kuti zizitsogolera moyo wokhala m'madzi pang'ono ndikukhala nthawi yayitali m'malo monga Okavango Swamp. Ziboda zawo ndizotalika ndipo zimakutidwa ndi khungu loyandikira ngati mtsamiro. Izi zimathandiza kuti ma sitatung azitha kuwongolera kulemera kwawo m'madzi kapena m'malo amatope kuti asamire. Amakhala ovuta poyenda panthaka youma. Chovala chawo cholemera chimakhala ndi mafuta okwanira kupangitsa matupi awo kukhala opanda madzi.
Amadziwika kuti ndi nkhono zenizeni za amphibian ku Africa, zomwe zimasinthasintha malo awo okhala m'madzi, monga mafuta otsekera madzi pa malaya ndi ziboda zazitali zazitali zoyenda panthaka yofewa.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Sitatunga amawoneka bwanji
Sitatung ali ndi mawonekedwe osakoka pang'ono, miyendo yakumbuyo imakula motalika kuposa miyendo yakutsogolo. Amuna akuluakulu amakhala ndi nyanga zooneka bwino zomwe zimadzazidwa ndi minyanga ya njovu. Mtundu umasiyanasiyana kutengera malo ndi munthu aliyense. Mtundu wamwamuna ndimtundu wofiirira, pomwe akazi amakhala ofiira ofiira chokoleti okhala ndi mikwingwirima yoyera yoyera mthupi.
Amuna nawonso ndi akulu kwambiri kuposa akazi. Akuluakulu amakhala ndi tsitsi lalitali komanso zipsera zoyera kumaso, makutu, thupi, zikhomo ndi mapazi. Achinyamata ali ndi mawanga oyera ndi mikwingwirima pa malaya awo ofiira ofiira. Akamakula, malaya awo amasintha kuchokera ku bulauni wonyezimira mpaka kudera lakuda.
Chosangalatsa: Akazi a sitatung amakula mpaka 115 cm kutalika, amuna - mpaka 160 cm. Akuluakulu amatha kulemera makilogalamu 50 mpaka 125.
Kutalika kwa mutu ndi thupi la sitatung yamphongo ndi 1.5 mpaka 1.7 m, ndi mchira kuyambira 200 mpaka 250 mm. Amuna amalemera makilogalamu 80-125. Zazimayi ndizocheperako, kutalika kwa mutu ndi thupi ndizoyambira 1.3 mpaka 1.6 mita. Mchira ndi wofanana ndendende wamwamuna. Mkazi amalemera 50-60 kg. Amuna okha ndi omwe ali ndi nyanga zokhala ndi mizere yozungulira komanso keel. Kutalika kwapakati panyanga ndi 600 mm. Mbiri yapadziko lonse inali 924 mm.
Amuna ndi akazi onse ali ndi mzere woyera pakati pa maso ndi zigamba zoyera pamasaya awo. Amakhalanso ndi zigamba ziwiri zoyera pathupi lawo, imodzi pamwamba pa chifuwa ndi ina pakhosi pansi pa chibwano. Mchira ndi nsonga yakuda, pamwamba pabulauni, pansi pake yoyera. Chizindikiro china cha sitatunga ndi ziboda zazitali komanso zotambasula komanso ziboda zokulirapo zokulirapo zokutidwa ndi phala lotupa lachikopa. Izi ndizodziwika bwino pamagulu ofewa, amitambo.
Amasintha kwambiri ndi ziboda zazitali, zogawanika zomwe zimawathandiza kugawa zolemera zawo akamayenda pa dothi lofewa. Ndizovuta kuti iwo aziyenda pamalo olimba. Iwo ndi osambira abwino kwambiri ndipo amabisala m'madzi kokha ndi mphuno zawo m'madzi, kuthawa adani. Amadziwika kuti amagona pansi pamadzi.
Sitatunga amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Sitatunga ku Africa
Sitatungs amakhala m'madambo, m'nkhalango, m'nkhalango ndi m'nkhalango za pakati, kum'mawa ndi madera akumwera kwa Africa, kuchokera ku Cameroon ndi Central African Republic kumpoto mpaka kumpoto kwa Botswana kumwera. Amanena kuti sitatunga mwina idachitika m'mphepete mwa madzi kumadzulo ndi pakati pa Africa, koma sizikupezeka m'chigawochi.
Sitatunga amasankha malo okhala ndi udzu wandiweyani, womwe umakokoloka ndi mathithi am'nyengo, matope ndi matanthwe, koma kupewa madzi otseguka opanda zomera. Malo olemera ndi bango ndiye malo abwino kwambiri okhala ndi sitatunga pachakudya ndi chitetezo.
Gwape wam'madzi ameneyu amakhala m'madambo okhathamira ndi matope. Sitatungs imapezekabe pang'ono ku Saiva Swamp National Park pafupi ndi Kitale, Rift Valley Province, Kenya, komanso anthu ambiri ozungulira Nyanja ya Victoria, Selous Wildlife Refuge ku Tanzania, ndi mitsinje ingapo ku Uganda.
Kufalitsa ku South Africa kumachepetsedwa ndi malo omwe amakonda pafupi ndi mathithi pafupi ndi mtsinje wa Okavango. Kukhalapo kwawo kukuwopsezedwa kwambiri ndikuwonongedwa kwa malo okhala ndi kusaka. Kuphatikiza pa ziwerengero zazing'ono zomwe zimapezeka m'mabedi am'mbali mwa m'mbali mwa Zambezi ndi Chobe, anthu nawonso amapezeka m'madambo a Linyanti.
Pali ma subspecies atatu omwe amadziwika ku Africa:
- Ts selousi amapezeka pakati ndi kumwera kwa Africa;
- Ts spekei amapezeka ku East Africa;
- Ts gratus amapezeka ku West Africa.
Tsopano mukudziwa komwe sitatunga amapezeka. Tiyeni tiwone chomwe mphalayi imadya.
Kodi sitatunga amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Sitatunga Antelope
Popeza amakhala nthawi yayitali m'madzi, ma sitatung amadyera zazomera zazing'onozi ndi mphukira zomwe zimapanga gawo lalikulu la chakudya chawo. Amawotchera m'dambo ndi pamtunda. Amadyanso maluwa, masamba, mbewu, udzu wamtali ndi masamba ena kuti adye, ndipo nthawi zina amadyera ndowe za njovu kuti apeze chakudya kuchokera ku mbewu zomwe sizinadye. Sitatunga imatha kuyimirira ndi miyendo yake yakumbuyo kuti ifike kumtunda wapamwamba, ndipo amuna amadziwika kuti amagwiritsa ntchito nyanga zawo kudula nthambi kuti adye. Awonanso akudyetsa mbewu usiku.
Zosangalatsa: Sitatunga ku Smithsonian National Zoo amadya mapeleti a herbivore, alfalfa hay, udzu wam'munda, ndi nkhuni.
Antelopes awa amadya mabango, ma sedges ndi masamba a shrub m'madambo, komanso udzu m'nkhalango zoyandikira za mitsinje. Amathanso kudya zipatso zakugwa ndikutafuna khungwa la mitengo ndi zitsamba. Ma sitatung amagwiritsa ntchito njira zokhazikika, zokhotakhota kudzera mabango ataliatali. Popeza kuti dambo limapereka chakudya chambiri chaka chonse, ali ndi magawo ang'onoang'ono apanyumba.
Sitatung sizimangodya zomera zam'madzi zokha, koma nthawi zambiri zimabwera pamtunda usiku kuti zizidya msipu wobiriwira ndikulowa m'nkhalango zapafupi kuti zikawone masamba ndi udzu. Sitatunga amasankha zomera panthawi yamaluwa. Ntchito zolimbitsa thupi zimakonda kukhazikika m'dera laling'ono la dambo masiku ambiri nthawi imodzi, kenako kenako amasamukira kumalo atsopano.
Masitungus amadyetsa, akumira m'mapewa ndikusunthira pang'onopang'ono pazomera. Nthawi zina, miyendo yakutsogolo imatha kutsitsidwa ndikunyamula yakumbuyo. Amatha kukwera kukafikira maluwa a bango lalitali, ma sedges, maudzu, ndi masamba, ndipo amuna amadziwika kuti amathyola nthambi ndi nyanga zawo. Mukamadyetsa masamba ataliatali, sitatunga amakuzinga lilime lake mozungulira, amalilowetsa mkamwa mwake ndikulidula ndi zotetemera.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Sitatunga, kapena swamp antelope
Sitatung ndi olimba koma osambira pang'onopang'ono, amatha kuyenda makilomita angapo. Nthawi zambiri amizidwa m'madzi, amatha kulowa pansi kwambiri ngati ali pangozi, kubisala, ndikungotsala gawo limodzi pamutu pawo. Amapuma pamiyumba youma kapena zilumba zoyandama padambalo, amazungulira mpaka udzuwo utaponda kalipeti. Achinyamata amaikidwanso pamatayi, omwe amakwezedwa m'madzi.
Ngati yasokonezeka kwambiri, sitatunga imamira pansi pamadzi kuti isambire kumadera akuya ndi mphuno zokha pamwamba pake. Adzadyetsa nthawi yozizira (kapena nthawi iliyonse yomwe akumva kuti ali otetezedwa) ndipo amatuluka m'madzi usiku, amabwera mbandakucha. Nsanja zazomera zoponderezedwa zimakhala malo opumira osiyana pomwe masitayiti amatha kuyala m'madzi masana. Popeza madambo ndi ena mwa malo obereketsa kwambiri, amatha kukhala ndi malo okwanira 55 pa kilomita imodzi.
Chosangalatsa: Sitatunga amakhala ndi moyo wazaka pafupifupi 22 mndende, koma sakudziwika kuthengo.
Ngakhale zimakhala nyama zokhazokha, awiriawiri amatembenukira kwakanthawi kochepa kuti akwere, ndipo nthawi zina timagulu tosakanikirana tating'ono. Achichepere amabadwira pa mphasa wouma wopondaponda. Sitatunga wakhanda amakhala kwa mwezi wathunthu, ndipo amayi amangopita pafupipafupi kukadyetsa mkaka. Ngakhale amadyetsa miyezi inayi kapena isanu ndi umodzi, amakhala odziyimira pawokha kwa amayi awo kuposa antelope ena ambiri. Mgwirizano wapakati pa amayi ndi mwana sukhalitsa chifukwa sitatungs nthawi zambiri amakhala okha ndipo nthawi zambiri amapezeka okha.
Amuna amakonda kukuwa usiku, nthawi zina amawachenjeza ngati njira yolankhulira komwe ali. Akazi ali ndi kukwera kokwanira. Mwamuna wotsatira wamkazi amatha kutulutsa mkokomo woponderezedwa.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Sitatunga Cub
Pakakwatirana, chachimuna chimayandikira chachikazi chotsika, pomwe chachikazi chimatha kubwerera pang'onopang'ono. Imphongo ikakhala pamtunda pang'ono kuchokera kwa mkazi, imatha kubwereranso mwadzidzidzi, ndikupangitsa chisangalalo chachikulu mchithaphwi. Yaimuna imangotsatira mosalekeza, koma nthawi zonse imakhala mmbuyo. Ndiwo mtundu wamtunduwu kuti wamphongo amaika mutu wake ndi khosi kumbuyo kwa mkazi ndikutukula zala zake zakutsogolo pansi pofuna kudzuka. Mkazi amayankha atakulunga pakhosi, momwe khosi lake limapendekera ndipo mutu wake umayang'ana mmwamba, akukankhira kutsogolo, mmwamba ndi kumbuyo pakamwa pake patatseguka. Kenako yamphongo imadzuka, ikutsamira mutu wake kumbuyo kwake, mutu ndi khosi zikuloza kutsogolo ndi kutsika.
Sitatung imaswana chaka chonse, ndipo akazi amabereka mwana wamphongo m'modzi atakhala miyezi isanu ndi iwiri atabereka. Ng'ombeyo imalemera makilogalamu 3.5 mpaka 4 pobadwa ndipo imatha kuwirikiza kawiri m'mwezi woyamba. Pambuyo pobadwa, akazi amabisa ana awo pamapulatifomu mumabango owuma otetezedwa akumera m'madzi akuya.
Ng'ombe sizingayende pang’onopang’ono komanso mosamala kudzera mchithaphwi ngati achikulire, ndipo zimangotsatira amayi awo kwa miyezi ingapo zitabadwa. Mayi adyetsa mwana wa ng'ombe pafupi ndi pogona, akumaliza ndikuyenda napita kwa iye. Amanyambita mkamwa mwa mwana ndikunyamuka. Ng'ombeyo imadzuka ndikutsatira mayiyo ndipo imamutsogolera kumalo achitetezo komwe angayamwe mkaka. Kukula msinkhu kwa kugonana kumafikira patatha pafupifupi chaka chimodzi mwa akazi ndi zaka 1.5 mwa amuna.
Sitatung ali ndi mayendedwe apadera kwambiri chifukwa cha zikopa ndi ziboda zawo zachilendo. Zimatengera ana aamuna nthawi yayitali kuti adziwe momwe angakhalire moyenera pamadambo osagwirizana, okhala m'malo awo. M'miyezi ingapo yoyambirira ya moyo wake, mutha kuwona sitatunga ikugwa ndikupunthwa m'madzi.
Ku South Africa, ng'ombe zambiri zimabadwa pakati pa Juni ndi Ogasiti. Amphongo amagona pamapulatifomu opondaponda kapena m'mitengo yambiri kwa milungu ingapo. Ana a sitatunga amnyumba amakhala ocheperako ndipo izi zimachitika makamaka chifukwa cha chakudya chochuluka komanso chosasinthika.
Adani achilengedwe a sitatung
Chithunzi: Sitatunga amawoneka bwanji
Ngakhale amakhala m'malo achinyezi komanso otetezedwa omwe ali otetezeka.
Sitatung amasakidwa ndi:
- mikango;
- akambuku;
- agalu amtchire.
Amatuluka m'madzi kapena amasowa m'mabango pomwe chizindikiro choyamba cha ngozi. Mavesi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse pakati pa malo odyetserako ndi opumulirako amachititsa kuti sitagung ikhale pachiwopsezo chachikulu pamisampha ndi maukonde a opha nyama. Zotupa zawo zapadera komanso zoletsa mwamphamvu zimawathandiza kuthana ndi nyama zoyamwitsa (agalu amtchire, mikango, ndi afisi) m'munda wofewa komanso m'madzi, koma ndi othamanga pamtunda. Sitatungs nthawi zambiri amayendera madambo akuya komanso akuya kwambiri, ndipo amadzipangitsa kukhala osawoneka kwambiri, akuyenda pang'onopang'ono komanso dala, kuyimirira ndikuganiza nthawi zambiri m'madzi m'mapewa awo komanso kumangodumphira ndi mphuno pamwamba pamadzi kuti asadziwike.
Nyama zimenezi n'zosavuta kuzigwira mwa kutchera misampha m'njira zawo zoyenda m'madambo. Chifukwa cha izi, kusaka kwambiri kunja kwa malo otetezedwa kumabweretsa kuchepa kwachulukidwe. Amasakidwa nyama zamtchire ku West Africa ndi zikho kumpoto kwa Botswana. Anthu amathanso kutsetsereka madambo omwe malo okhala amakonda kukhala. Kutayika kwa malo okhala madambo mkati mwawo kwadula njira ndikusiya anthu ali okhaokha. Kusintha kwa kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka nthaka m'madambo ozungulira komanso ozungulira kumakhudzanso sitatung, chifukwa kusintha kwamadzi kumasintha kapangidwe ka zomera, kumachepetsa chakudya.
Chifukwa chake, chiwopsezo chachikulu ku sitatunga ndi kuwonongeka kwa malo. Anthu am'deralo nthawi zambiri amasaka nyama zamtundu wa nyama, koma kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu sichomwe chimapangitsa sitatunga kuchepa. Chifukwa chachikulu chomwe asowa ndikuti madambo awo akunyoloka akusanduka mizinda ndi midzi.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Sitatunga
Chikhalidwe cha sitatunga komanso kusapezeka kwa malo awo zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuwerengera kuchuluka kwa anthu. Kafukufuku wam'mlengalenga amakonda kunyalanyaza kuchuluka kwa nyama. Chiyerekezo chakale chimayika anthu pa 170,000, koma izi zimawerengedwa kuti ndizochulukirapo.
Pafupifupi 40% ya anthu okhala ku sitatung amakhala m'malo otetezedwa ndi ozungulira. M'madera ena, kusaka nyama mosavutikira ndi njira ina yogwiritsa ntchito mphalapala. Madambo akulu okhudzana ndi mitsinje amapereka chitetezo kwa sitatunga. Amathandizanso iwo omwe amasaka sitatunga ku Africa, kusonkhanitsa zikho zina zazikulu kwambiri ku Africa. Kufunika kwa mitunduyi ngati nyama yampikisano ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri poteteza malo ake, komanso malo osakira omwe ali m'malire mwa mapaki ali ndi mwayi waukulu wofunikira pantchito yakutatunga.
Forest sitatunga amasakidwa ndikukhala pamapulatifomu okwera moyang'anizana ndi madambo ndikudikirira sitatunga kuti idyetse yokha. Njira ina yosakira nkhalango sitatunga ndikugwiritsa ntchito ma pygmy trackers kutsatira njira za sitatunga m'munda wamasana, ndipo sitatunga ikapezeka, agalu ophunzitsidwa bwino amatulutsidwa pakona ndikuzungulira sitatunga mpaka msakiyo atayandikira ndikuwombera.
Sitatunga adatchulidwa kuti ndi mtundu wofunikira kwambiri ndi IUCN, bungwe lotsogola lotsogola padziko lonse lapansi. Komabe, madera akunja otetezedwa, ma sitatung ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu kuwonongeka kwa malo okhala chifukwa chakukula kwa madambo. Amathanso kusakidwa m'malo ena.
Sitatunga Ndi mphalapala wobadwira kumayiko ambiri ku Africa, koma samawoneka kawirikawiri chifukwa cha zovuta zake.Zimasinthidwa kuti zikhale ndi moyo komwe ziphuphu zochepa zimatha kukhala. Miyendo yake yotambalala imamupangitsa kukhala wodziwa kusambira. Ma sitatung amakhala masiku otentha kwambiri tsikulo kupumula mumthunzi wa mabango pamapulatifomu azomera zouma zomwe amadzimangira okha pakuponda zomera.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 12/29/2019
Tsiku losintha: 12.09.2019 nthawi 8:57
