Anangumi ndi amodzi mwa anthu akale kwambiri padziko lapansi, chifukwa adawonekera kale kwambiri kuposa ife - anthu, zaka zopitilira 50 miliyoni zapitazo. Whale whale, aka polar whale, wa suborder ya anamgumi opanda mano, ndipo ndiye yekha amene amayimira mtundu wa whale whale.
Moyo wanga wonse Whale mutu amakhala kokha m'madzi akum'mwera a kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi. Amakhala mumkhalidwe wankhanza kwambiri kotero kuti ndizosatheka kuti munthu akhaleko kuti amuphunzire bwino.
Zaka mazana awiri zapitazo Chi Greenland nsomba ankalamulira m'nyanja yonse ya Arctic. Mitundu yake idagawika m'magulu atatu, omwe amasamukira m'gulu lawo mozungulira dera lonse la Arctic Circle. Zombozo zimayenda pafupifupi pakati pa nsomba zikuluzikulu zomwe zimadutsa.
Pakadali pano, chiwerengero chawo chatsika kwambiri, asayansi akuganiza kuti pali ma anamgumi osaposa zikwi khumi. Mwachitsanzo, mu Nyanja ya Okhotsk pali mazana anayi okha a iwo. Simawoneka kawirikawiri m'madzi am'nyanja ya East Siberia ndi Chukchi. Nthawi zina amapezeka ku Beaufort ndi Bering Seas.
Nyama zazikuluzikuluzi zimatha kuyenda pansi pamadzi mpaka kuzama mamita 300, koma zimakonda kukhala pafupi ndi madzi kwakanthawi.
Pofotokoza za nsomba zam'mutu, Tiyenera kudziwa kuti mutu wake umakhala gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a nyama yonse. Amuna amakula mita khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu, akazi awo amakhala okulirapo - mita makumi awiri mphambu ziwiri.
M'bandakucha wathunthu wa mphamvu wobiriwira nyangayi kulemera matani zana, koma pali zitsanzo zomwe zikukula mpaka matani zana ndi makumi asanu. Ndizosangalatsa kudziwa kuti nyama zazikuluzikuluzi ndimanyazi mwachilengedwe.
Ndipo ikayandama kumtunda, ngati mbalame yam'madzi kapena cormorant ikakhala kumbuyo kwake, namgumiyo, mwamantha, sazengereza kulowa m'madzi ndipo amadikirira mpaka mbalame zamantha zibalalika.
Chigoba cha nangumi ndi chachikulu kwambiri, mkamwa mwake ndi wopindika mofanana ndi chilembo chachingerezi chokhotakhota "V", ndipo maso ang'onoang'ono amangiriridwa m'mphepete mwa ngodya zake. Nangumi ali ndi vuto la maso, ndipo samanunkha konse.
Nsagwada zakumunsi ndizazikulu kuposa zakumwambazo, zimakankhidwira patsogolo pang'ono; imakhala ndi vibrissae, ndiye kuti, mphamvu ya kukhudzidwa kwa nangumi. Chibwano chake chachikulu ndi chojambulidwa choyera. Mphuno yokha ya nsombayo imachepetsedwera ndipo imakhala yakuthwa kumapeto.
Thupi lonse la nyamayi ndi losalala-optic, imvi-buluu. Khungu lakunja la namgumi, mosiyana ndi anzawo, silimaphimbidwa ndi zophuka ndi ziphuphu. Ndi anamgumi akum'mwera omwe sangatengeke ndi matenda opatsirana monga barnacles ndi nsabwe za whale.
Mbalame yam'mbuyo kumbuyo kwa namgumiyo kulibiretu, koma pali ma hump awiri. Zikuwoneka bwino mukayang'ana nyamayo kuchokera mbali. Zipsepsezo, zomwe zili pambali yamtundu wa nyama, ndizotakata m'munsi mwake, zimafupikirapo, ndipo nsonga zake ndizokulungika bwino, ngati zopalasa ziwiri. Zimadziwika kuti mtima wa anamgumi amutu umalemera mopitilira makilogalamu mazana asanu ndipo uli ngati kukula kwa galimoto.
Nangumi ali ndi ndevu zazikulu kwambiri, kutalika kwake kumafika mamita asanu. Ndevu, kapena kuti ndevu, zili pakamwa mbali zonse ziwiri, pali pafupifupi 350 mbali iliyonse.
Ndevu imeneyi sikuti ndi yayitali chabe, komanso ndi yopyapyala, chifukwa cha kukhathamira kwake, ngakhale nsomba yaying'ono kwambiri siyidutsa m'mimba mwa chinsombacho. Chinyama chimatetezedwa molondola ku madzi oundana a Nyanja Zaku kumpoto ndi mafuta ake ochepera, makulidwe ake ndi masentimita makumi asanu ndi awiri.
Parietal mbali yamutu wa nsomba zam'nyanjayi pali ma slits awiri akulu, ichi ndi chowombelera chomwe chimatulutsa akasupe amadzi a mita zisanu ndi ziwiri ndi mphamvu zowononga. Nyama iyi ili ndi mphamvu yoti imaphwanya mafunde oundana otalika masentimita makumi atatu ndi kuphulika kwake. Kutalika kwa mchira kudutsa kwa polar whale ndi pafupifupi mita khumi. Mapeto ake ndi osongoka, ndipo pali vuto lalikulu pakati pa mchira.
Chikhalidwe ndi moyo wa nsomba zam'mutu
Monga mukudziwa kale, Malo okhala ku Greenland malo ozizira nyangayi Kusintha kosasintha, samakhala pamalo amodzi, koma amasuntha pafupipafupi. Pofika kutentha kwa masika, zinyama, zitasonkhana m'gulu, zimayandikira kumpoto.
Njira yawo siyophweka, chifukwa matalala akulu amatsekereza njira yawo. Kenako nsombazo zimafola mwanjira yapadera - sukulu kapena, monga mbalame zosamuka - mphero.
Choyamba, aliyense wa iwo amatha kudya momasuka, ndipo chachiwiri, atafola motere, ndizosavuta kwa iwo kukankhira pansi ndi kugonjetsa zopinga mwachangu. Eya, ndi kuyamba kwa masiku a chilimwe, iwo, atasonkhananso pamodzi, amabwerera pamodzi.
Anangumiwo amathera nthawi yawo yonse yopuma mosiyana, akumangoyenda kwinaku akufunafuna chakudya, kenako ndikukwera pamwamba. Amamira pang'ono, kwa mphindi 10-15, kenako nkutumpha kukatulutsa mpweya, kumasula akasupe amadzi.
Kuphatikiza apo, amalumpha mosangalatsa, koyambirira, chowotcha chachikulu chimayandama pamwamba, kenako theka la thupi. Kenako, mosayembekezereka, namgumiyo amagubudukira mwadzidzidzi mbali yake ndi kugwera pamwamba pake. Ngati chovulala chinyama, chimakhala m'madzi nthawi yayitali, pafupifupi ola limodzi.
Ochita kafukufuku aphunzira momwe anamgumi am'mutu amagonera. Amadzuka m'mwamba momwe angathere pamwamba ndikugona. Popeza thupi, chifukwa cha mafuta osanjikiza, limakhala bwino pamadzi, namgumi amagona tulo.
Munthawi imeneyi, thupi silimira pansi pomwepo, koma limamira pang'onopang'ono. Ifika pakuya pang'ono, chinyama chimaluma mwamphamvu ndi mchira wake waukuluwo, ndikumakwereranso kumtunda.
Kodi nsomba zam'mutu zimadya chiyani?
Zakudya zake zimakhala ndi ma crustaceans ang'onoang'ono, mazira a nsomba ndi mwachangu, pterygopods. Amatsikira pansi, ndipo liwiro la makilomita makumi awiri pa ola limodzi, kutsegula pakamwa pake momwe angathere, imayamba kusefa madzi ambiri.
Masharubu ake ndi owonda kwambiri kotero kuti timitengo tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'ono tating'ono tomwe timakhala pamenepo timanyambitsidwa ndi lilime lawo ndikumeza chisangalalo. Kuti apeze nsomba zokwanira, amafunika kudya matani osachepera awiri patsiku.
Komano, m'nyengo yophukira-nthawi yozizira, anamgumi samadya chilichonse kwa theka la chaka. Amapulumutsidwa ku njala ndi kuchuluka kwamafuta omwe amasonkhanitsidwa ndi thupi.
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo wa nangumi wa nangumi
Nyengo ya kukhathamira kwa nyangayi imayamba kumayambiriro kwa masika. Anthu ogonana amuna ndi akazi, monga oyenera, amadzipangira okha ndikuyimba serenade. Kuphatikiza apo, ndikubwera kwa chaka chamawa, amadza ndi nyimbo yatsopano ndipo samadzabwereza.
Anangumi amaphatikizapo malingaliro awo onse pazolinga zatsopano, osati chifukwa cha wokondedwa mmodzi, komanso akazi ena ambiri, kuti aliyense adziwe mtundu wamwamuna wokongola m'deralo. Kupatula apo, iwo, monga amuna onse, ali ndi mitala.
Mverani kuvota Chi Greenland nsomba kwambiri zosangalatsa... Anthu omwe amawona anamgumi ali mu ukapolo amati kwa zaka zambiri nyama imatha kumveketsa mawu omwe anthu amapanga.
Zinsomba, pakati pazinthu zonse zamoyo, zimveketsa kwambiri, ndipo azimayi amatha kuzimva, pokhala pamtunda wa makilomita zikwi khumi ndi zisanu kuchokera pamenepo. Mothandizidwa ndi vibrissae, zinyama zimatenga phokoso lomwe limafikira kumakutu. Nthawi yoberekera ya namgumi wamkazi imakhala miyezi khumi ndi itatu. Kenako amabereka mwana m'modzi, ndipo kwa chaka china azimudyetsa mkaka.
Mkaka wa namgumiwo ndi wandiweyani kwambiri moti kusasinthasintha kwake kumatha kuyerekezedwa ndi makulidwe otsukira mano. Popeza mafuta ake ndi makumi asanu peresenti, ndipo mapuloteni ambiri amaphatikizidwa.
Ana amabadwa ndi mafuta osanjikiza omwe angawateteze ku hypothermia, kutalika kwa mita zisanu mpaka zisanu ndi ziwiri. Koma mchaka chimodzi, atangoyamwitsidwa, amakula moyenera, ndikufika mamita khumi ndi asanu m'litali ndikulemera matani 50-60.
Zowonadi, patsiku loyamba kokha atabadwa, mwana amalandira pafupifupi malita zana a mkaka wa amayi. Ana obadwa kumene amakhala opepuka kuposa makolo awo. Iwo ndi ozungulira komanso ambiri ngati mbiya yayikulu.
Mchira wa whale wamutu
Akazi ndi amayi osamala kwambiri, samangodyetsa ana awo, komanso amawateteza kwa adani. Powona chinsomba chakupha pafupi, mayiyo amakantha wochimwayo ndi mchira wake waukulu.
Nthawi ina nangumi wamkazi atakhala ndi pakati patatha zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu. Mwa anamgumi onse omwe akukhala tsopano, khumi ndi asanu okha mwa 100 aliwonse ndi azimayi apakati.
Namgumi wamutu akukhala zaka pafupifupi makumi asanu. Koma, monga mukudziwa, amadziwika kuti ali ndi zaka zana. Ndipo ofufuza asayansi adalemba milandu yambiri pomwe anamgumi amakhala zaka mazana awiri kapena kupitilira apo.
M'zaka makumi asanu ndi awiri zapitazo Chi Greenland nyangayi anayambitsa ku Red Book monga nyama zowopsa, popeza anali oopsa, osasaka nyama. Poyamba, asodziwo adatola anamgumi omwe adamwalira ndipo adakokoloka ndi madzi.
Ankagwiritsa ntchito mafuta ndi nyama zawo monga chakudya chopezeka mosavuta komanso chamtengo wapatali. Koma umbombo waumunthu ulibe malire, opha nyama mozemba amayamba kuwapha onse kuti adzawagulitse. Masiku ano, kusaka nyama zam'madzi ndikoletsedwa mwalamulo komanso kuli ndi malamulo. Tsoka ilo, milandu yokhudza kupha nyama moperewera sinathe.
