Chimpanzi (Pan) ndi nyani wamkulu, mtundu wa anyani. Kumasuliridwa kuchokera ku chimodzi mwazilankhulo za mafuko aku Africa, zikutanthauza "ngati munthu." Kufanana ndi anthu kumakhala kochepa osati kokha ndi mawonekedwe akunja, mawonekedwe amachitidwe, komanso majini: DNA yathu imagwirizana ndi 90%. Asayansi atsimikizira kuti njira zosinthika pakati pa mitundu iwiriyo zidasokonekera zaka 6 miliyoni zokha zapitazo.
Kufotokozera
Pali mitundu iwiri ndi mitundu itatu ya anyani:
1. wamba:
- nkhope yakuda (yokhala ndi ziphuphu);
- kumadzulo (ndi chigoba chakuda ndi uta);
- shveinfurtovsky (wokhala ndi nkhope yakuthupi);
2. wamtengo wapatali kapena bonobos.
Kukula kwa chimpanzi wamba kumakhala pafupifupi 1.5 mita mwa amuna ndi 1.3 m mwa akazi, koma nthawi yomweyo ali olimba kwambiri, minofu yawo imakula bwino. Khungu lake ndi la pinki, ndipo malaya ndi akhakula komanso amdima, pafupifupi bulauni.
Mdera - osati lalifupi kwambiri kuposa m'bale wake wamba, koma chifukwa cha minofu yocheperako komanso mawonekedwe owoneka bwino, amawoneka ochepa komanso owonda. Nkhope yake ndi yakuda khungu, ndipo milomo yake ndi yayikulu komanso yotakata. Mutu wake umakutidwa ndi tsitsi lalitali lakuda lomwe limatsika kuchokera korona kupita m'masaya ngati zotupa zam'mbali.
Mitundu yonse iwiri ili ndi chigaza chokhala ndi zitunda zakutsogolo, mphuno yopumira ndi mphuno zotuluka, komanso nsagwada zakuthwa zodzaza ndi mano. Ngakhale zigaza za zigaza zawo zili zochititsa chidwi, ubongo womwe uli mmenemo umakhala ndi gawo lochepa chabe la voliyumu yonse. Zala zazikulu za m'manja, monga mwa anthu, zimayikidwa pambali - izi zimathandiza nyama kukwera mitengo ndikugwiritsa ntchito zida zakale kuti zipeze chakudya.
Thupi lonse la anyani limakutidwa ndi tsitsi lakuda, gawo limodzi lokha la mphuno, mitengo ya kanjedza ndi mapazi amakhalabe opanda tsitsi. Ana ndi achinyamata amakhalanso ndi dazi laling'ono kumbuyo kwawo m'dera la coccyx. Malinga ndi izi, achikulire amadziwa zaka zoyandikira za achibale, ndipo ngati tsitsi locheperako silikukula, amasankha m'bale wawo ngati ana ndipo, moyenera, amamusamalira mwachikondi komanso mosamala.
Komanso anthu, anyaniwa ali ndi magulu amwazi, plasma yamitundu ina yamtundu wawo imatha kuthiridwa anthu. Chimpanzi amathanso kusiyanitsidwa wina ndi mzake potengera zala zazala: zojambula zaanthu zimasiyana nthawi zonse.
Chikhalidwe
Anyani amakhala ku Central ndi West Africa. Mkhalidwe waukulu ndi kupezeka kwa nkhalango zam'malo otentha ndi masamba okwanira komanso nyengo yoyenera. Chimpanzi chodziwika tsopano chikupezeka ku Cameroon, Guinea, Congo, Mali, Nigeria, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Tanzania. Malo okhala ndi nkhalango pakati pa mitsinje ya Congo ndi Lualab.
Nthawi yonse yomwe amakhala mu korona wamitengo, kulumpha mochenjera kuchokera ku nthambi kupita kunthambi, amapita pansi nthawi zambiri, nthawi zambiri amapita padzenje lothirira. Amamanga zisa zawo panthambi - timitengo tambiri ta masamba ndi masamba.
Moyo
Mofanana ndi anthu, chimpanzi chimafunika kukhala ndi anthu kuti azikhala motetezeka komanso mosatekeseka. Chifukwa chake, nthawi zonse amakhala m'magulu, omwe munthawi zonse anyani amatsogolera amuna okhaokha, komanso ma bonobos - azimayi okha. Gulu nthawi zambiri limakhala ndi anthu 25-30.
Mtsogoleri wamwamuna nthawi zonse amakhala woyimira wamphamvu kwambiri komanso wanzeru kwambiri m'deralo, kuti akhalebe ndi mphamvu m'manja mwake, amasankha mabwenzi enaake - omwewo olimba, koma anyamata opusa omwe ali okonzeka kuteteza moyo wake wamtengo wapatali. Achiwerewere ena onse, omwe angawopseze ulamuliro wake, amatengeredwa ndi mtsogoleriyo mpaka patali ndipo amakhala mwamantha nthawi zonse, atamwalira kapena kudwala, udindo wa wamkulu umakhala ndi mpikisano wofanana.
Akazi amakhalanso ndi olamulira awo. Amayi okhwima kwambiri komanso otukuka amalamulira ofooka, kuwongolera komanso kuwalola kuti asayandikire amuna kapena akazi anzawo, nthawi zonse amapeza chakudya chochuluka komanso okwatirana nawo. Amayi a chimpanzi amadziwika kuti ndi anzeru komanso othamanga, ndiosavuta kuphunzitsa, amatha kuwonetsa chidwi cha ana a anthu ena komanso abale ofooka.
Kubereka
Chimpanzi chimatha kukwatirana ndi kuberekana nthawi iliyonse pachaka; zina sizofunika kuchita izi kupatula kukhumba. Mimba imakhala mpaka miyezi 7.5. Nthawi zambiri, mwana m'modzi yekha amabadwa, nthawi zambiri pamatha kubadwa kangapo.
Ana amakhala ofooka komanso opanda chochita atangobadwa, chifukwa chake amafunikira chisamaliro cha amayi nthawi zonse ndi kuwasamalira. Mpaka akafika pamapazi awo, amayi amawanyamula okha. Ana amakula msinkhu pofika zaka 10 zokha, asanakwanitse kukhala omasuka ndi makolo awo, ngakhale atakhala ndi ana aang'ono.
Zakudya zabwino
Chimpanzi amaonedwa ngati anyani omnivorous. Zakudya zawo zimaphatikizanso chakudya cha zomera ndi nyama. Amayenera kudya pafupipafupi komanso mochuluka, chifukwa amakhala ndi moyo wapaulendo kwambiri ndipo amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri kuchita izi. Ndikofunikanso kuti azisunga mafuta ena mosavutikira, zimawathandiza kupulumuka nthawi yamvula kapena chilala.
Chimpanzi amadya maapulo
Kwenikweni, anyaniwa amadya zipatso ndi zipatso, mizu ndi masamba a mitengo. Popeza anyani saopa madzi ndipo ndi osambira abwino kwambiri, amatenga mollusk ndi nyama zazing'ono mumtsinje. Osadandaula kudya nyama zazing'ono ndi tizilombo.
Nthawi zina, pakalibe chakudya china, anyaniwa adadya mtundu wawo, komanso amtundu anzawo.
Zosangalatsa
- Chimpanzi chimagwiritsa ntchito masamba a zitsamba ngati maambulera pamvula, monga zimakupizira pakatentha kwambiri, komanso ngati mapepala achimbudzi.
- Bonobos mkati mwa gulu lawo samathetsa kusamvana mwa kukakamiza, chifukwa ali ndi njira ina yothandiza - kukwelana.
- Chimpanzi amadziwa momwe angamwetulire ndikupanga nkhope, amakonda kusinthasintha, amatha kukhala achisoni, okwiya kapena opusitsika.
