Kumpoto ndi Kummwera kwa dziko lapansi, kunja kwa dera la equator, nkhalango zam'madera otentha zimatambalala ngati nthenga ya emarodi. Adatenga dzina lawo mdera lomwe amapezeka. Pano mungapeze mitundu yambiri yamitengo: mitengo yobiriwira nthawi zonse, myrrosi, laurels, cypresses, junipers, rhododendrons, magnolias ndi zitsamba zambiri zobiriwira nthawi zonse.
Madera otentha
Nkhalango zam'madera otentha zimapezeka ku Central America, West Indies, India, Madagascar, kumtunda kwa Southeast Asia, ndi Philippines. Amapezeka makamaka pakati pa malo otentha pamtunda wa 23.5 ° ndi madera otentha. Izi nthawi zambiri zimatanthawuza kutalika kwa 35-46.5 ° kumpoto ndi kumwera kwa Equator. Kutengera kuchuluka kwa mpweya womwe ukugwa, amagawidwanso m'magawo otentha ndi ouma.
Nkhalango zouma zazitentha zimayambira ku Mediterranean mpaka kum'mawa, pafupifupi mpaka kumapiri a Himalaya.
Nkhalango zamvula zimapezeka:
- kumapiri a Southeast Asia;
- Himalaya;
- ku Caucasus;
- kudera la Iran;
- kum'mwera chakum'maŵa kwa North America;
- kumpoto kwa Tropic of Capricorn m'mapiri a South America;
- Australia.
Komanso ku New Zealand.
Nyengo ya nkhalango zotentha
Dera louma lotentha lodziwika bwino limadziwika ndi nyengo ya Mediterranean komwe kumakhala kotentha komanso kotentha kwamvula. Kutentha kwapakati pamwezi m'miyezi yotentha kumafika pa + 200C, m'nyengo yozizira - kuyambira + 40C. Frosts ndizosowa kwambiri.
Nkhalango zam'madzi ozizira kwambiri zimamera motentha mofananamo. Chosiyanitsa chachikulu ndichakuti nyengo ndi yadziko kapena yanyengo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mvula igwe kwambiri ndikugawidwa moyenera chaka chonse.
Nyengo zotentha zimatha kupezeka m'malo otentha, monga dera lakumwera kwa Mexico, Vietnam, ndi Taiwan.
Chodabwitsa, koma zipululu zambiri zadziko lapansi zili mkati mwa madera otentha, chifukwa chakukula kwa mapiri otentha.
Nthaka ya nkhalango
Chifukwa cha miyala yopanga dothi, kupumula kwapadera, nyengo yotentha komanso youma, mtundu wachikhalidwe cha nkhalango zowuma zazing'ono ndi dothi laimvi lokhala ndi ma humus ochepa.
Nthaka zofiira ndi dothi lachikasu ndizodziwika bwino ndi chinyezi. Amapangidwa ndimagulu azinthu monga:
- nyengo yotentha, yotentha;
- kupezeka kwa ma oxide ndi miyala yadothi padziko lapansi;
- zomera zamtchire zolemera;
- kufalitsa kwachilengedwe;
- chithandizo chopereka nyengo.
Nkhalango zotentha za Russia
Pamphepete mwa Nyanja Yakuda ya Caucasus ndi ku Crimea, mungapezenso nkhalango zotentha. Mitengo yotchuka kwambiri ndi thundu, beech, hornbeam, linden, mapulo ndi mabokosi. Boxwood, cherry laurel, rhododendron ndizosangalatsa pamaso. Ndizosatheka kuti musakondane ndi zonunkhira za paini, fir, juniper ndi cypress yobiriwira nthawi zonse. Nzosadabwitsa kuti madera awa akhala akukopa alendo ambiri ndi nyengo yawo yofatsa komanso machiritso amlengalenga, okhathamira ndi kununkhira kwa mitengo yakale.
