Munthu wamba samadziwa za vuto lobwezeretsanso matayala amgalimoto wamba. Monga lamulo, mphira ukakhala wosagwiritsidwa ntchito, umapita nawo kumalo osungira zinthu, kapena kusungidwa kuti ugwiritse ntchito. Koma chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa matayala omwe agwiritsidwa ntchito mdziko muno, vutoli litha kukhala lowopsa.
Palibe amene amafunikira matayala
Malinga ndi kafukufuku wapakatikati, pafupifupi matayala 80 miliyoni agalimoto amakhala osafunikira ku Russia chaka chilichonse. Bukuli lakhala likugawidwa pazowonjezera zazikulu za dziko lathu kwa zaka zambiri, koma pali malire pazonse. Matayala si mapepala, amatenga nthawi yayitali kwambiri kuwola, amatenga malo ambiri, ndipo ngati ayamba kuwotcha, amasandulika kukhala gwero lazinthu zambiri zamankhwala. Utsi wochokera pa tayala lamagalimoto yoyaka umadzaza ndi ma carcinogens - zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa khansa.
Ndizomveka kuganiza kuti pali matekinoloje ena okhazikitsidwa mwalamulo otaya matayala. M'malo mwake, palibe magwiridwe antchito! M'zaka zaposachedwa pomwe Russia yayamba kuganiza mozama za kutaya mwadongosolo.
Matayala akupita kuti tsopano?
Matayala akale agalimoto omwe sanatheretu kukataya malo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Ndipo nthawi zambiri movomerezeka. Mwachitsanzo, matayala amaikidwa ngati mipanda m'mabwalo, malo osewerera, ndi zina zambiri. Kubwerera munthawi ya Soviet, zida zamasewera zonse ndi zokopa za ana zidakonzedwa kuchokera kwa iwo. Chabwino, ndani ali mwana sanadumphire panjira yopangidwa ndi matayala omwe anakumbidwa pansi? Ndipo ngati munabadwa mu USSR, ndiye kuti mosakayikira komanso munasunthidwa kwambiri pachimake, pomwe tayala lagalimoto limakhala ngati mpando.
Mitundu ingapo yamapangidwe ang'onoang'ono yopangidwa ndi amisiri achikhalidwe imakhala ndi kununkhira kwapadera. Pamalo oyandikana ndi nyumba omwe ali pafupi ndi khomo lanyumba zamzindawu, mutha kuwona swans, ana a nkhumba, maluwa, mpendadzuwa, timayenje tating'onoting'ono ndi zolengedwa zina zopangidwa ndi matayala wamba omwe agwiritsa ntchito nthawi yawo. Komanso, zilandiridwazo ndizofala osati kumidzi kokha, komanso m'mizinda yamakono yomwe ili ndi anthu miliyoni.
Ntchito ina yotchuka yamatayala ndikupanga chotchinga choteteza. Pali matayala wokutidwa ndi nyali m'malo omwe ngozi zimachitika kawirikawiri. Matayala amagwiritsidwa ntchito poletsa mayendedwe a karting.
Mwambiri, matayala akale agalimoto ndimagulu azibambo zaku Russia azaka zonse: kuyambira anyamata akuyandama pa tayala padziwe kupita kwa wopuma pantchito yemwe amasula chinsalu china cha raba.
Kodi matayala angatayidwe motani?
Zomwe zimachitikira matayala omwe agwiritsidwa ntchito mwanzeru komanso opindulitsa zilipo m'maiko ambiri. Mwachitsanzo, dziko la Finland lachita bwino kwambiri pankhaniyi. Zafika poti matayala 100% amabwezerezedwanso kenako amagwiritsidwa ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Switzerland ndi Norway sali kutali kwambiri.
Mutha kupeza zinthu zambiri zothandiza kuchokera pa tayala labala. Mwachitsanzo, sungani zinyenyeswazi zomwe zimagwira bwino ntchito monga zowonjezera phula, chivundikiro chopondera, ngalande yazitali, ndi zina zambiri. Magulu a mphira omwe amapezeka pagudumu lodulidwa atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kutentha ng'anjo zamafakitale. Ntchito yomalizayi yakwaniritsidwa bwino ku Finland, mwachitsanzo.
Ku Russia, magulu okonda ndi akatswiri odziwa bwino ntchito zawo nthawi ndi nthawi amapereka matekinoloje awo obwezeretsanso matayala. Mwachitsanzo, ku Leipunsky Institute for Physics and Power Engineering (mzinda wa Obninsk), kutaya kunapangidwa ndi njira yotentha kwambiri ya pyrolysis. Komabe, palibe chomwe chidakonzedwa pamilandu yamalamulo.
Kupita patsogolo koyamba kwachitika. Pofika chaka cha 2020, akukonzekera kukhazikitsa ndalama zolipitsa, zomwe zimaperekedwa ndi nzika zogula matayala atsopano kapena galimoto yatsopano. Chofunikira kwambiri ndikupanga matekinoloje ogwira ntchito ndi malo opangira momwe angagwiritsire ntchito.
