Mbalame yobiriwira ndi mbalame yosangalatsa kwambiri, ndi ya mbalame zoimba. M'dera la Russia, makamaka amakhala m'nkhalango, kumapiri komanso m'mbali mwa mitsinje.
Kufotokozera kwa green warbler
Maonekedwe
Iyi ndi mbalame yaying'ono yamtundu wa azitona wobiriwira, mutu wake umakhala wokulirapo kuthupi... Gawo lakumtunda la nkhono wobiriwira ndi bulauni wobiriwira; kumbuyo kwake kumakhala kopepuka pang'ono. Pansi pake pamakhala imvi yokhala ndi chikaso chachikaso, chomwe chimadziwika kwambiri pachifuwa ndi m'khosi, pang'ono pamimba.
Mwa achinyamata mtunduwo umakhala wabwino kuposa anthu akulu, ndipo nthenga za mbalame zazing'ono zimakhala "zotayirira" kuposa za akulu. Maonekedwe awa amalola kuti mbalame yaying'ono iwoneke bwino munthambi za mitengo ndi tchire kuchokera kwa adani achilengedwe.
Asayansi ena amasiyanitsa mitundu iwiri ya mbalame zobiriwira: kummawa ndi kumadzulo. Mtundu wakummawa uli ndi mzere wobiriwira pamapiko, pomwe mtundu wakumadzulo ulibe mzere wotere. Kutalika kwa thupi masentimita 10-13, mapiko otalika masentimita 18 mpaka 22, kulemera kwa 5-9 g. Mbalamezi nthawi zambiri zimakweza nthenga pamutu, zomwe zimapangitsa mutu kukhala ndi mawonekedwe.
Ndizosangalatsa! Mbalame yobiriwira ndi yamanyazi komanso yochenjera kuposa mitundu ina ya zida zankhondo. Palibe mtundu uliwonse wakugonana wosiyanasiyana mu mbalamezi. Amuna ndi akazi ali ndi mtundu wofanana komanso kukula.
Mutha kuwalekanitsa pokhapokha pakuyimba kwawo. Ngati mbalameyo ili chete, ndiye katswiri yekhayo amene angamvetsetse kuti ndi amuna kapena akazi bwanji akawonedwa.
Kuimba chiffchaff chobiriwira
Moyenerera mbalameyi ndi ya mbalame zoimba. Nyimbo ya mbalame yobiriwira imakhala yayifupi ndipo nthawi zambiri satenga masekondi 4-5. Awa ndi omveka kwambiri, omveka, othamanga, omvekera, okumbutsa mluzu, akutsatirana osapuma. Amuna amayimba kwanthawi yayitali, mpaka Julayi kuphatikiza, pakadali pano kuswana ndi kupanga zisa za mbalame yobiriwira kumachitika. Akazi amamveka kamodzikamodzi kuposa amuna.
Moyo, khalidwe
A Chiffchaff amakonda kukhala m'nkhalango zosakanikirana, nkhalango zazing'ono pafupi ndi mitsinje komanso m'malo omwe ali ndi mpumulo ndi mapiri. Chisa nthawi zambiri chimakonzedwa pansi, nthawi zambiri sichikhala chotalika m'nkhalango zowirira kapena pakagawanika nthambi zamitengo. Amakhala awiriawiri, nthawi zina m'magulu ang'onoang'ono. Izi zimakuthandizani kuti muteteze bwino motsutsana ndi adani awo.
Nthawi zambiri imagwiritsa ntchito mitengo yakugwa ya mitengo, ziphuphu zadothi ndi malo ena obisika ngati malo okonzera chisa. Moss, masamba ndi nthambi zazing'ono zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zomangira.
Ndizosangalatsa! Chisa chomwecho ndichachikulu, chimayandikira masentimita 20-25. Awiri mwa makolo omwe ali ndi ana amakhala mokhazikika.
Mbalame yobiriwira ndi mbalame yosamuka. Nyengo yachisanu isanayambike, mbalame zazing'ono izi zochokera kudera lonse la Eurasia, komwe nthawi zambiri zimakhalira, zimasamukira kunkhalango zotentha za ku Africa.
Utali wamoyo
Nthawi zachilengedwe, kutalika kwa moyo wa green warbler sikuposa zaka 4-5. Zaka zokulirapo zomwe mbalame yobiriwira yakwanitsa kufikira m'chilengedwe ndi zaka 6. Msinkhu unakhazikitsidwa pakuyang'ana kwa mbalame zam'mbali zapachaka. Izi ndichifukwa chakupezeka kwa adani ambiri achilengedwe.
Samasungidwa kawirikawiri ngati ziweto, kokha ndi okonda mbalame zamtchire. Akaidi, akhoza kukhala ndi moyo mpaka zaka 8-10. Kusunga mbalamezi kunyumba ndikosavuta. Amakhala odzichepetsa pachakudya komanso mndende. Chakudya chachikulu - tizilombo tingalowe m'malo mwa zipatso, koma ndi bwino kupatsa ntchentche ndi ziphuphu.
Zofunika! Izi ndi mbalame zamtendere, zimagwirizana mosavuta ndi mitundu ina. Komabe, ndibwino kuti musakhazikitse amuna angapo limodzi, chifukwa kuthekera kotheka pakati pawo.
Kuti mbalame zizimva zachilengedwe, m'pofunika kuti zibweretse "zomangira" mu khola ndipo mkaziyo amadzipangira yekha chisa.
Malo okhala, malo okhala
Malo okhala mbalame zoterezi zafala kwambiri. Pali mitundu iwiri ya mbalameyi: kum'mawa ndi kumadzulo. Yoyamba imaswana ku Asia, Eastern Siberia ndi Himalaya. Mtundu wakumadzulo umakhala ku Finland, kumadzulo kwa Ukraine, Belarus ndi Poland. Mtundu wakummawa umasiyana ndi wakumadzulo kokha chifukwa chokhala ndi mzere wobiriwira pamapiko. Palibe kusiyana kwakukulu pamakhalidwe, kubzala, kubereketsa komanso kupatsa thanzi.
Kudyetsa chiffchaff wobiriwira
Zakudya za chiffchaff zimakhala ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timakhala pamitengo ndi pansi komanso mphutsi zawo; agulugufe, mbozi ndi agulugufe ang'onoang'ono amakhalanso nyama za mbalamezi. Ngati mbalameyi imakhala pafupi ndi dziwe, imatha kudya ngakhale nkhono zazing'ono.
Anawo amadyetsedwa ndi chakudya chomwecho, koma mwa mawonekedwe osakanikirana. Sakonda kudya zipatso ndi mbewu. Asananyamuke, chakudya cha mbalamezi chimakhala chopatsa mphamvu kwambiri, chifukwa paulendo wautali ndikofunikira kupereka mafuta ndikupeza mphamvu.
Adani achilengedwe
Mbalame zazing'onozi zimakhala ndi adani angapo achilengedwe. Ku gawo la Europe, awa ndi nkhandwe, amphaka amtchire ndi mbalame zodya nyama. Kwa mbalame zomwe zimakhala ku Asia, njoka ndi abuluzi zimawonjezeredwa. Zowononga zimakhala zoopsa makamaka ku zisa. Kupatula apo, mazira ndi anapiye ndi nyama yosavuta, ndipo anapiye obiriwira nthawi zambiri amakhala pansi.
Ndizosangalatsa! Zina mwazinthu zomwe zimakhudza moyo ndi kuchuluka kwa mbalamezi, yayikulu ndi anthropogenic.
Kudula mitengo, ngalande zamadzi ndi ntchito zaulimi zimasokoneza kuchuluka kwa chiffchaff wobiriwira. Koma chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mbalamezi, kuchuluka kwawo kumakhalabe pamlingo waukulu.
Kubereka ndi ana
Chowotcha cha mbalame yobiriwira imakhala ndi mazira oyera 4-6. Mkazi amawasungira masiku 12-15. Anapiye amabadwa amaliseche ndipo alibe chitetezo chokwanira, pamutu pake pamangokhala fluff. Anapiye amakula mwachangu kwambiri, makolo onse amatenga nawo mbali kudyetsa ana.
Kudyetsa kumachitika mpaka 300 patsiku. Chifukwa cha kudyetsedwa kwakukulu ndikukula mwachangu, kutuluka kwa chisa kumachitika kale patsiku la 12-15. Pakadali pano, anapiye amadyetsedwa chakudya chama protein okha, ndikofunikira kuti mwana akule bwino komanso mwachangu.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Iyi ndi mbalame yodziwika bwino. Malinga ndi asayansi, pali anthu pafupifupi 40 miliyoni ku Europe, zomwe ndi zochulukirapo kuti zisunge kuchuluka. Chiffchaff wobiriwira alibe mtundu wa mitundu yosawerengeka kapena yomwe ili pangozi yofunikira chitetezo. M'chigawo cha Asia cha kontinentiyo, mbalameyi siyonso yachilendo.
