Woodcock - kambalame kakang'ono, komwe ndi chinthu chosangalatsa kuphunzira. Moyo wake komanso mawonekedwe ake akhala atenga nthawi yayitali akatswiri azaka zambiri komanso akatswiri a sayansi ya zamoyo. Komabe, mtundu uwu ndiwosangalatsa osati kwa anthu asayansi okha, komanso okonda kusaka, omwe amakhulupirira kuti kuwombera thukuta ndizopambana kwenikweni komanso chifukwa chonyada. Kodi munganene chiyani za mbalameyi ndi dzina losazolowereka?
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe amtunduwu
Mtundu mbalame zamatabwa akuyimiridwa ndi mitundu yochepa yazamoyo, zomwe tidzakambirane pambuyo pake. Mitundu yonseyi, ndi yofanana ndipo imakhala yofanana. Chifukwa chake, tiyeni tiyambe ndikufotokozera mtundu wonse wa mbalame.
Mbalame ya Woodcock ikuuluka
Mbalame zoterezi zimakonda kukhala m'malo awo. Amafika kutalika kwa masentimita 40 ndi kulemera kwa magalamu 400-500. Amadziwikanso ndi mapiko ambiri, amatha kutalika kwa 50-60 cm.
Mtundu wa mbalamezi ndi wosiyana pang'ono ndi mtundu wa nthenga za anthu ena am'banjamo. Chifukwa chake, matabwa amatikumbutsa abale awo apamtima - kuwotchera, moni ndi oponya mchenga.
Nthenga zawo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zofiirira kapena zotuwa, ndipo pamwamba pake zimakhala ndimabala akuda ambiri. Komanso, m'munsi mwa mbalamezo muli mikwingwirima yakuda. Chifukwa chake, mbalameyi imayamba kuwonekera pang'ono pakati pa masamba obiriwira amitengo.
Chofunikira kwambiri pamtunduwu ndi mulomo wautali komanso wopyapyala wa mbalame. Kutalika kwake kumakhala masentimita 10. Choyamba, zimathandiza mbalame kupeza chakudya komanso kusamalira ana awo.
Woodcock wamba
Kuphatikiza pa mulomo wawo wapadera, nkhwangwa amakhala ndi masomphenya abwino: maso awo amakhala pambali pamutu wawung'ono, ndikuwonjezeka mpaka madigiri pafupifupi 360. Chifukwa chake, pothawa komanso popuma, mbalamezi zimayang'ana mlengalenga mofanana ndi akadzidzi, omwe amatha kudziwa malo awo mothandizidwa ndi khosi losinthasintha.
Mitundu ya matabwa
M'gulu la mbalamezi, zomwe nthawi zina zimatchedwa mbalame zachifumu, mitundu isanu ndi itatu yapadera imadziwika. Yoyamba komanso yofala kwambiri ndi Common Woodcock, yomwe siyimasiyana ndi "anzawo" pachinthu chilichonse chapadera. Ndi iye yemwe ali chitsanzo chapamwamba cha mtundu wake ndipo ali ndi kukula kwapakati ndi nthenga za "classic". Tidzakambirana za mitundu ina yodziwika bwino - American, Amamiya ndi Oakland Woodcock.
Maganizo aku America
Oimira amtundu uwu adalandira dzina ili chifukwa chokhala kwawo. Mbalamezi zimagawidwa makamaka ku North America. Anthu amtunduwu amasiyanitsidwa ndi tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tawo koma mawonekedwe "ozungulira". Ndiwotsika kwambiri, osakhazikika. Chifukwa cha miyendo yayifupi kwambiri komanso mawonekedwe ozungulira thupi, zikuwoneka kuti mbalamezi sizimangoyenda pansi, koma zimangogudubuka.
Woodcock waku America
Kutalika kwa thupi la mbalamezi ndi masentimita 25-32 okha, ndipo kulemera kwake sikuposa 210 magalamu. Nthenga za mbalameyo komanso "kukhazikika" kwake kumathandiza kuti zizibisala mosavuta kuti asawonedwe ndi adani. Pa thupi la mbalame zaku America, mutha kuwona mikwingwirima yakuda 4-5 yokha, chifukwa ndi yaying'ono mokwanira pamitundu itatu.
Nthenga za oimira mtunduwu sizimasiyana ndi mbalame zina zamtundu wa woodcock. Ili ndi utoto wonyezimira, wotuwa kapena wagolide nthawi zina. Mitundu yaku America ndi imodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri posaka pakati pamatumba ena.
Amami
Maonekedwe a Amami ndi osiyana kwambiri ndi aku America powonekera. Ali ndi thupi locheperako komanso lamatani okhala ndi miyendo yolimba komanso yowoneka bwino. Chochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi zala zazitali komanso zolimba za "Amami", zomwe zimawathandiza kunyamuka ndikutera.
Nkhuni ya Amami
"Kukula" kwa mbalame zamtundu uwu ndizochepa, ngakhale zimaposa mtengo wamitundu yaku America - masentimita 34-37. Nthenga za mbalame zimatenga mtundu wa azitona wofiirira, ndipo ngakhale mawonekedwe ofiira amdima amapezeka kumtunda. Chikhalidwe cha "Amami" ndi "mphete" zazing'ono za khungu lotumbululuka la pinki kuzungulira maso onse awiri. Komabe, poyang'ana mbalame, zimakhala zovuta kuzizindikira.
Madera ogawa mitundu ya Amami ndi ochepa. Mbalame zoterezi zimakhala gawo la Asia, makamaka pazilumba za East China Sea. Pachifukwa ichi, mtundu uwu umatetezedwa.
Auckland, PA
Malo ogawa nthumwi zamtunduwu nawonso ndi ochepa kwambiri. Amakhala kuzilumba za New Zealand zokha (choyambirira, kuzilumba za Auckland), momwe amadzipezera zinthu zomwe ndizapadera kwambiri ndi nkhalango.
N'zochititsa chidwi kuti asayansi ambiri sanena kuti mbalamezi zinachokera ku mbalame zamatabwa. Amakhala, monga lamulo, amakhala pakati pa mbalame zomwe zimakhala zofanana kwambiri ndi nkhuni - kumtundu wa snipe. Komabe, kufanana kwa mbalamezi ndi anthu am'banja lachifumu zidapezeka kwambiri, chifukwa zomwe adaziyika ngati chimodzi mwazomwe tikuganizira. Nanga kufanana uku ndi kotani?
Woodcock yamtengo wapatali
Choyamba, ziyenera kunenedwa kuti mtundu wa nthenga za Auckland chinsalu chimodzimodzi ndendende ndi mbalame zachifumu. Ali ndi nthenga zofiirira zowala ndimalo ambiri. Makulidwe a "Aucklands" ndi ochepa poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina. Kulemera kwawo kwakanthawi ndimagalamu 100-120 okha, ndipo mapiko awo samapitilira masentimita 10-11.
Komabe, chinthu chofunikira kwambiri ku "Aucklands" ndendende momwe amakhalira, zomwe pafupifupi zimagwirizana ndimitengo. Amakhala pansi, amapeza chakudya mothandizidwa ndi mathero a milomo pamilomo yawo ndipo amakhala ndi moyo wachinsinsi, wosangalala usiku, zomwe sizofanana kwenikweni ndi oimira ena amtundu wawo. Chifukwa chake kutumizidwa kwa mbalamezi ku mtundu wina ndizoyenera.
Kusiyana kokha pamakhalidwe ndikuti mitundu ya Auckland imangoyikira mazira awiri nthawi yoswana. Izi makamaka chifukwa cha kukula kwawo kocheperako komanso malo ena otseguka momwe akukhalamo.
Moyo wa mbalame ndi malo okhala
Zimakhulupirira kuti mbalame yachifumu nkhuku ofanana kwambiri ndi wamba wamba. Nthawi zina oimira mtunduwu amatchedwanso boar, kapena red sandpiper. Komabe, mosiyana ndi otchera mchenga, nkhalango zamatabwa zimakhazikika m'nkhalango. Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, amabisa mosavuta utoto wawo pamasamba, motero amadziteteza kwa alenje ndi adani awo achilengedwe.
Kodi nkhalango yamphongo imakhala kuti? Mbalamezi ndizofala osati m'dziko lathu lokha, komanso ku China, Mongolia, Ukraine, Finland ndi France. Amapezekanso m'nkhalango za ku Scandinavia Peninsula.
Ntchentche nthawi zambiri zimakhala pafupi ndi madzi
Makhalidwe awo ndi nkhalango ndipo, motero, madera a nkhalango. Kuphatikiza apo, mbalamezi zimakonda kukhazikika m'nkhalango zokhala ndi masamba osanjikiza (tchire la rasipiberi, mabulosi abulu, hazel ndi zomera zina).
Monga mbalame zam'madzi, zimakhazikika pafupi ndi matupi amadzi omwe amapezeka m'nkhalango. Pamalo osakhazikika, m'malire amadzi am'nkhalango, ndizosavuta kuti mbalame zizipeza chakudya. Nthawi yomweyo, ndikofunikira kuti nkhalango zikhale ndi malo otetezeka momwe angapumulire bwinobwino.
Ponena za moyo wawo, imakhalanso yosiyana ndi mbalame zina. Masana, amakhala moyo wobisika, wobisala m'nkhalango kapena m'nthambi za mitengo yakale. choncho nkhuni pachithunzichi sichipezeka kawirikawiri m'malo otseguka.
Tiyenera kunena kuti nkhalango - mbalame zosamuka zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala nyengo yozizira kumpoto kwa Africa. Twalankhula kale zakuti nkhwangwa zimafanana ndi akadzidzi potha kuwona. Komabe, uku si kufanana kwawo kokha.
Mbalame zomwe tikuganizira, monga akadzidzi, zimayenda usiku, kuwopa kuti ziwombankhanga kapena osaka nyama zitha kuukira masana. Ndi usiku pamene amapita "kukasaka" ndi kupeza chakudya chofunikira. Komabe, mbalame zina zonse zomwe zili m'mbali mwa chithaphwi ndizochita masana zokha, zomwe zimawaika pangozi yawo pangozi.
Zakudya zabwino
Mlomo wautali komanso wopyapyala umapatsa nkhandwe mwayi wopeza chakudya. Amafikira mosavuta mphutsi zobisalira ndi tizilombo. Komabe, kusiyana kwa milomo yotere sikokulira kwake kokha. Chakumapeto kwake, mbalame zimakhala ndi mitsempha yambiri. Amalola matumba kuti "amvere" kunjenjemera kwa dziko lapansi ndikuwachotsera omwe amawazunza.
Chakudya chachikulu chomwe nkhuku zimadya ndi tizilombo tosiyanasiyana ndi mbozi. Nyongolotsi ndizopatsa chidwi kwambiri mbalame zachifumu. Amadyanso mphutsi za tizilombo ndipo, makamaka, mbewu ndi mbali zina za zomera. Chifukwa chosowa chakudya, mbalame zimatha kusaka nyama zazing'ono ndi achule.
Kufufuza awiri awiri
Mbalamezi zimapanga awiriawiri m'nthawi yoswana ndipo sizichita nawo limodzi. Njira yopeza bwenzi ndiyosangalatsa. Monga lamulo, nthawi yachilimwe amuna amayamba kufunafuna akazi awo, ndikulengeza zapadera phokoso la nkhuni.
"Nyimbo" zoterezi zimadziwika pafupifupi ndi mlenje aliyense waluso. Yamphongo imadutsa m'nkhalango, kudikirira nthawi yomwe wamkazi ayankhe kuitana kwake. Pambuyo pake, mbalamezo zimapanga awiri, omwe amangokhala mpaka kumapeto kwa kukwatira, ndiye kuti mpaka mkazi atakhala ndi umuna. Ndi nthawi yoti mumve zenizeni mawu achikwama... Mu "moyo watsiku ndi tsiku" samakonda kugwiritsa ntchito.
Mverani mawu a nkhuni:
Kubereka ndi mawonekedwe a ana
Chisa cha mbalamechi chimayikidwa pansi, ndikupanga kuchokera ku udzu ndi nthambi zowuma. Monga lamulo, mkaziyo amakhala ndi mazira 3-4, okutidwa ndi mawanga apadera. Nthawi yayitali kwambiri yoti anapiye akhale mchipolopolo ndi masiku 25.
Mazira a Woodcock
Pambuyo pa nthawiyi, mbalame zazing'ono zomwe zili ndi mzere wozungulira kumbuyo zimabadwa. Mzerewu umangosiyanitsidwa ndi anapiye a mitengo. Akamakula, amasandulika mtundu wawo wamizeremizere.
Anapiye amabadwa ndi milomo yayikulu mokwanira kukula kwake. Komabe, kutalika kwake kumakhala kocheperako poyerekeza ndi mbalame zazikulu - pafupifupi masentimita 4-5. Mkazi amasamalira bwino ana ake.
Izi ndichifukwa choti ndi iye yekha amene amasamalira anapiye ang'onoang'ono, pomwe amakakamizidwa kuwapezera chakudya ndikuwateteza kwa adani. Pansi pa "mapiko" ake anapiye posakhalitsa amatha kukhala odziyimira pawokha komanso kukadyera.
Pasanathe maola atatu atadzuka, ali okonzeka kutsatira amayi awo. Mkazi, monga lamulo, amalola anapiye kuti aziyenda pawokha, komabe, pakakhala ngozi, amatenga zomwe akuyang'anira. Amatha kunyamula ana mu kiyi kapena ngakhale "kutenga" anapiye m'manja mwawo.
Nkhukhu zazing'ono zimatha kudzitchinjiriza zokha nyama zolusa zikawonekera. Nyama zambiri zam'nkhalango sizizindikira anapiye kumbuyo kwa masamba ndi nthambi zomwe zagwa. Pasanathe milungu itatu, mbalamezi zimayamba kukhala moyo wosadalira chilichonse.
Woodcock wamkazi wokhala ndi anapiye
Amasiya chisa cha amayi ndikuyamba kufunafuna nyumba yawoyawo. Kuyambira pano iwo amapita ku kukhalapo paokha kwa mbalame wamkulu, ndipo patapita kanthawi iwo okha adzakhala ndi ana.
Utali wamoyo
Ubwana wa Woodcock ali ndi malo ochepa m'miyoyo yawo. Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, mapangidwe ndi mapangidwe a munthu wamkulu samatenga miyezi yopitilira iwiri (limodzi ndi nthawi ya embryonic). Komabe, moyo wonse wa mbalame ndi nthawi yayitali, yomwe imatha kufikira zaka 10-11.
Kwa nkhono, adani achilengedwe - adani ndi osaka ndi ngozi yayikulu. Poterepa, chiyembekezo cha moyo wawo chachepetsedwa kwambiri: sangakhale atakwanitsa zaka zisanu.
Kusaka ndi kuwononga matumba
Kuyankhula za kusaka nkhuku, ziyenera kunenedwa osati za kupha mbalame zachikondi zokha, komanso za kulimbana kosalekeza kwa mbalamezi ndi adani a m'nkhalango. Adani awo achilengedwe ndi makoswe ambiri ndipo ngakhale mahedgehogs, amapha, makamaka, asanakweretse anapiye.
Mkazi woteteza anapiye ake amakhala pachiwopsezo cha adani. Chifukwa chake, mbira zosiyanasiyana, ma martens, ma sables, ma ermine ndi nyama zina zimaukira zazikazi zotere ndikuzipha limodzi ndi ana awo.
Nthawi zina nkhwangwa zimawonongedwa ngakhale ndi alenje, koma ndi agalu awo osaka, omwe amayenda kudutsa m'nkhalango kufunafuna nyama yomwe mwiniwake akufuna. Ndege kumadera otentha ndikubwerera kunkhalango komwe kuli nyengo yotentha sizivutanso nkhuku.
Woodcock mwana wankhuku
Ponena za alenje, matabwa ndi chinthu chamtengo wapatali kwa iwo. Nthawi zambiri amaphedwa kuti agulitse ndipo amapeza ndalama zambiri kuchokera pamenepo. Nthawi zambiri, amaphatikizidwamo ndikuwonetsedwa ngati zikho zofunikira kwambiri pakusaka.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, ngakhale ngati munthu kapena chilombo akudziwa za kukhalapo kwa kakhoko kobisika pafupi, kumakhala kovuta kwambiri kuti apeze mbalameyo. Anthu obisala nthawi zambiri amalakwitsa chifukwa cha mulu wa masamba kapena kaphokoso kakang'ono kokutidwa ndi udzu. Uwu ndi luso losayerekezeka, komabe nthawi zina m'miyoyo yawo mbalame sizitetezedwa ku chilengedwe.
Ngakhale kuti pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a nkhuku zonse zophedwa zimawonongedwa ndi alenje, mabungwe apadziko lonse lapansi akuyesera kuletsa kusaka koteroko. Kupatula apo, ngati mutati muphatikize nkhono zowonongedwa ndi nyama zomwe zimadya m'nkhalango ndi kuchuluka kwa mbalame zomwe asaka amapha, simungathe kuwona ziwerengero zokhutiritsa. Ngati kuwonongeka kwa mbalame zomwe zikufunsidwazo kukupitilirabe, posachedwa zitha kutha.
Tchulani m'mabuku ndi makanema
Woodcock amatha kutchedwa mbalame "yachikale" pazambiri za olemba aku Russia onena za alenje. Ntchito yotchuka kwambiri ndi kutenga nawo mbali ndi nkhani za I.S. Turgenev ndi A.P. Chekhov. Chofunikanso kwambiri ndicho kutchulidwa kwawo m'mabuku a G.N. Zamgululi Sokolov-Mikitov ndi Guy de Maupassant.
Ponena za sinema, mbalame zachifumu sizachilendo mmenemo. Kanema wotchuka kwambiri ndi ntchito yaku Ukraine yaku 1996 yotchedwa mbalame zomwe. Mufilimuyi limanena za moyo wa anthu Chiyukireniya mu khumi chachinayi cha m'ma XX. Owonerera ali ndi mwayi wodziwonetsera pawokha tanthauzo la mutu wa kanema.
Chifukwa chake, m'nkhaniyi takambirana za mbalame zamatabwa - mbalame zokongola komanso zamtengo wapatali. M'nthawi yathu ino, ziweto zochulukirapo zikuwonongedwa mopupuluma ndi adani ndi anthu, chifukwa chofunikira chitetezo chawo.
M'masiku amakono, ndikofunikira kuzindikira mawonekedwe okongola komanso apadera komanso kuteteza oimira ake - oyandikana nawo padziko lapansi. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuletsa kusaka mbalame zachifumu, zomwe sizimabweretsa mavuto pachiwopsezo ndipo siziwopseza anthu.
