Hares (genus Lepus) ndi nyama zomwe zimakhala pafupifupi mitundu 30 ndipo ndi amtundu umodzi akalulu (Leporidae). Kusiyanitsa ndikuti hares ali ndi makutu ataliatali ndi miyendo yakumbuyo. Mchira ndi waufupi, koma wokulirapo pang'ono kuposa wa akalulu. Anthu nthawi zambiri amaligwiritsa ntchito molakwika dzina la kalulu ndi kalulu ku mitundu ina. Pika, akalulu ndi abulu amapanga gulu la nyama zonga akalulu.
Hares ndi ma lagomorphs akulu kwambiri. Kutengera mtunduwo, thupi limakhala pafupifupi masentimita 40-70, miyendo mpaka 15 cm ndi makutu mpaka 20 cm, zomwe zimawoneka ngati zimatenthetsa kutentha thupi kwambiri. Kawirikawiri bulauni-imvi m'malo otentha, hares amakhala kumpoto molt nthawi yozizira ndipo "amavala" ubweya woyera. Ku Far North, hares amakhalabe oyera chaka chonse.
Mitundu yobereka ya hares
Chimodzi mwazinthu zodabwitsa kwambiri zachilengedwe chomwe amadziwika ndi akatswiri azanyama ndi kuswana kwa hares. Chiwerengero cha anthu chimafikira pazaka zonse za 8 mpaka 11 kenako chimachepa kwambiri ndi 100. Amakhulupirira kuti nyama zolusa ndizomwe zimayambitsa izi. Anthu a Hunter amalumikizana ndi ziweto, koma atatsala pang'ono chaka chimodzi kapena ziwiri. Chiweto chikayamba kuchuluka, hares amachepetsa, koma chifukwa cha kusaka kwambiri, ziweto zomwe zimadyanso zimachepa.
Gulu la akalulu likangochira, ziwetozo zimachulukanso ndipo chizungulire chimabwereza. Popeza ma hares amangokhala odyetsa okha, amawononga masamba achilengedwe kapena mbewu zikawonjezeka. Monga akalulu, hares amapatsa anthu chakudya ndi ubweya, ndi gawo limodzi la kusaka, ndipo posachedwapa, chikhalidwe chotchuka.
Mitundu yosangalatsa kwambiri ya hares padziko lapansi
Kalulu waku Europe (Lepus europaeus)
Mahatchi achikulire ali pafupifupi kukula kwa mphaka woweta, palibe mulingo umodzi wa kukula ndi utoto wa ubweya. Zili ndi makutu aatali komanso miyendo ikuluikulu yakumbuyo yomwe imapanga phazi la kalulu pachipale chofewa. Ma hares omwe amakhala ku England ndi ocheperako kuposa mayiko aku Europe. Akazi ndi akulu komanso olemera kuposa amuna. Pamwamba pa chovalacho nthawi zambiri chimakhala chofiirira, chofiyira kapena chofiirira, mimba ndi kumunsi kwa mchira ndi zoyera bwino, ndipo nsonga za makutu ndi kumtunda kwa mchira ndikuda. Mtundu umasintha kuchokera ku bulauni nthawi yotentha mpaka imvi nthawi yozizira. Ndevu zazitali pamilomo yammphuno, mkamwa, masaya komanso pamwamba pamaso zimawonekera.
Mbalame zamphongo (Lepus alleni)
Kukula ndichinthu chapadera, ndi mitundu yambiri ya hares. Makutuwo amakhala ataliatali, pafupifupi 162 mm m'litali, ndipo alibe tsitsi kupatula ubweya woyera m'mphepete komanso nsonga. Mbali zoyandikira za thupi (ziwalo, ntchafu, croup) ndi zotuwa ndi nsonga zakuda pa tsitsi. Pamimba pamimba (pachibwano, pakhosi, pamimba, mkati mwa ziwalo ndi mchira), tsitsili ndi lotuwa. Gawo lakumtunda la thupi ndi lachikasu / lofiirira lokhala ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono takuda.
Mitundu ya antelope ili ndi njira zambiri zothetsera kutentha. Ubweya umawonekera kwambiri ndipo umatchinjiriza khungu, lomwe limachotsa kutentha komwe kumakhalapo. Ukayamba kuzizira, nyerere zimachepetsa magazi kutuluka m'makutu awo akulu, zomwe zimachepetsa kutentha.
Tolai kalulu (Lepus tolai)
Palibe mtundu umodzi wamtundu wa hares izi, ndipo mthunzi umadalira malo okhalamo. Thupi lakumtunda limakhala lofiirira chikasu, bulauni bulauni kapena imvi yamchenga yokhala ndi mikwingwirima yofiirira kapena yofiira. Mbali ya ntchafu ndi ocher kapena imvi. Mutuwu uli ndi ubweya wotuwa kapena wachikaso kuzungulira maso, ndipo mthunziwu umapita patsogolo mphuno ndikubwerera kumbuyo m'munsi mwa makutu ataliatali, akuda. M'munsi torso ndi mbali zake zoyera. Mchira uli ndi milozo yakuda kapena yakuda bii pamwamba.
Hare Wachikasu (Lepus flavigularis)
Chovala cha mahatchi awa ndi cholimba, ndipo miyendo ndiyofalikira bwino. Gawo lakumtunda ndi utoto wonyezimira wolowetsedwa wakuda, kumbuyo kwa khosi kumakongoletsedwa ndi mzere woonekera, pafupi ndi yomwe ili ndi mikwingwirima yakuda yopyapyala kuyambira kumapeto kwa khutu lililonse. Makutu ake ndi ofiira, okhala ndi nsonga zoyera, pakhosi ndi wachikasu, ndipo thupi lakumunsi ndi mbali zake ndizoyera. Mapazi ndi kumbuyo ndizotuwa mpaka imvi, mchira wakuda pansipa ndi wakuda pamwamba. M'nyengo yamasika, ubweya umawoneka wosasunthika, thupi lakumtunda limakhala lachikaso kwambiri, ndipo mikwingwirima yakuda pakhosi imawoneka kokha ngati mawanga akuda kumbuyo kwamakutu.
Tsache Hare (Lepus castroviejoi)
Ubweya wa kalulu waku Spain ndiwosakanikirana ndi bulauni komanso wakuda wokhala ndi zoyera pang'ono kumtunda. Mbali yakumunsi ya thupi ndiyonse yoyera. Pamwamba pa mchirawo ndi wakuda ndipo kumunsi kwake kwa mchira kumafanana ndi thupi loyera. Makutuwo ndi otuwa mwamtundu ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi nsonga zakuda.
Mitundu ina ya hares
SubgenusPoecilolagus
American Hare
Subgenus Lepus
Kalulu wa Arctic
Kalulu
SubgenusZolemba
Kalulu wakuda wakuda
Kalulu woyera
Kalulu wa ku Cape
Kalulu wachitsamba
SubgenusEulagos
Kalulu wa ku Corsican
Kalulu wa ku Iberia
Manchu hare
Kalulu wopotana
Kalulu woyera
SubgenusIndolagus
Kalulu wamakhosi akuda
Kalulu wachi Burma
Zosasinthika subgenus
Kalulu waku Japan
Komwe amakhala mitundu ya lagomorphs nthawi zambiri amakhala
Hares ndi akalulu amapezeka pafupifupi padziko lonse lapansi m'malo osiyanasiyana kuyambira nkhalango zowirira mpaka kutsegulira zipululu. Koma kwa hares, malo okhala ndi osiyana ndi malo akalulu.
Ma Hares nthawi zambiri amakhala m'malo otseguka pomwe kuthamanga ndikusintha bwino kuthawa adani. Chifukwa chake, amakhala m'malo otentha, madambo kapena zipululu. M'malo otsegukawa, amabisala m'tchire komanso pakati pa miyala, ubweya umadzibisa ngati chilengedwe. Koma hares kumadera achisanu ndipo pang'ono mapiri ndi Manchu hares amakonda nkhalango zowirira kapena zosakanikirana.
Kumanani ndi akalulu m'nkhalango komanso m'malo okhala ndi zitsamba, komwe amabisala m'mitengo kapena m'malo obowoka. Akalulu ena amakhala m'nkhalango zowirira, pomwe ena amabisala pakati pa tchire.
Momwe hares amadzipulumutsira okha kwa adani
Mahatchi amathawa nyama zolusa ndikusokoneza alenje pobwerera. Akalulu amathawira m'mayenje. Chifukwa chake, hares amayenda maulendo ataliatali ndipo amakhala ndi mitundumitundu, pomwe akalulu amakhala pafupi ndi malo achitetezo m'malo ang'onoang'ono. Ma lagomorphs onse amagwiritsa ntchito mawu amasautso kapena kugunda pansi ndi miyendo yawo yakumbuyo kuchenjeza za chilombo.
Hares ndi zovuta kumva, koma kununkhiza ndi njira ina yolumikizirana. Amakhala ndi zotsekemera pamphuno, pachibwano, komanso mozungulira anus.
Zakudya zopatsa thanzi komanso zakudya
Ng'ombe zonse ndi akalulu ndizomwe zimadya nyama. Zakudyazo zimaphatikizapo magawo obiriwira a zomera, zitsamba, clover, cruciferous ndi zovuta zomera. M'nyengo yozizira, chakudyacho chimaphatikizira nthambi zowuma, masamba, makungwa a mitengo, mizu ndi mbewu. M'madera otsetsereka, zakudya zachisanu zimakhala ndi namsongole wouma ndi mbewu. Koposa zonse, hares amasangalala ndi mbewu zolimidwa monga chimanga chachisanu, rapeseed, kabichi, parsley ndi ma clove. Hares ndi akalulu zimawononga chimanga, makabichi, mitengo yazipatso ndi minda, makamaka nthawi yozizira. Hares samamwa kawirikawiri, amatenga chinyezi kuchokera ku zomera, koma nthawi zina amadya chipale chofewa m'nyengo yozizira.
Zoswana
Ma Lagomorphs amakhala opanda awiriawiri. Nthawi yokwatirana, amuna amamenyana wina ndi mnzake, amakhala ndi magulu otsogola kuti athe kupeza akazi omwe amalowa mkodzo. Hares imabereka mwachangu, ndimatayala akuluakulu angapo amapangidwa chaka chilichonse. Akalulu amabadwa ataphimbidwa ndi tsitsi lonse, ndi maso otseguka ndipo amalumpha patangopita mphindi zochepa kuchokera atabadwa. Akabereka, amayi amadyetsa anawo kamodzi kokha patsiku ndi mkaka wopatsa thanzi. Kukula kwa zinyalala za hares ndi akalulu zimadalira madera komanso nyengo.
