Achule ndi achule ndi amphibiya opanda mchira omwe amapezeka pafupifupi padziko lonse lapansi. Mitundu ikuluikulu yamitundu ikupezeka m'malo otentha, m'nkhalango zotentha. Ndipamene achule akupha amakhala, amatha kupha munthu, osachitapo kanthu. Kukhudza kosavuta kwa khungu la cholengedwa chotere kumatha kubweretsa imfa.
Kukhalapo kwa mankhwala oopsa mu chule kapena tozi kumathandiza podzitchinjiriza. Mphamvu ya poyizoni, komanso kapangidwe kake, zimatengera mtundu wake. Mu mitundu ina, poyizoni amangokhala ndi mphamvu yokhayokha, pomwe ina imapanga poizoni wamphamvu kwambiri.
Chule wakupha waku Africa
Bicolor phyllomedusa
Chule wagolide kapena wonyamula masamba owopsa (Phyllobates terribilis)
Achule amtengo woopsa
Wokwera masamba atatu amisewu
Garlic wamba (Pelobates fuscus)
Mtundu Wobiriwira (Bufo viridis)
Wotuwa (Bufo bufo)
Chule chofiira (Bombina bombina)
Chule wopanda poizoni (Ranitomeya reticulata)
Chokwawa cha masamba okhala ndi phulusa (Phyllobates aurotaenia)
Mapeto
Poizoni wa achule ndi achule amasiyana mphamvu, monganso momwe amapangira mankhwala owopsawo. Mitundu ina nthawi zambiri imabadwa yopanda poizoni kwa wina aliyense. Pambuyo pake, amayamba kulandira zinthu zakupha kuchokera ku tizilombo todya. Amphibiya oterewa amaphatikizapo, mwachitsanzo, chule wotchedwa "woopsa wokwera masamba".
Ngati wokwera masamba wowopsa ayikidwa mu ukapolo, ndiye kuti, popanda kulandira zakudya zakutchire, imatha kukhala yapoizoni. Koma pansi pa ufulu, ili ndiye chule lowopsa kwambiri, lodziwika ngati chimodzi mwazinyama zowopsa kwambiri padziko lapansi! Umu ndi momwe zimakhalira pokhapokha kukhudza khungu la chule kumatha kupangitsa kuti munthu afe.
Mfundo yogwirira ntchito komanso mphamvu ya ziphe za achule ndi tozi ndizosiyana. Zolemba zake, monga lamulo, zimatha kuphatikiza kutumiza, kukwiyitsa, kupuma, zinthu za hallucinogenic. Chifukwa chake, kulowetsedwa kwa poizoni mthupi kumabweretsa zosayembekezereka, kutengera mphamvu ya chitetezo cha mthupi komanso thanzi labwino.
Mitundu ina ya achule imatulutsa poyizoni wamphamvu kwambiri mwakuti imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mafuko akuthengo kuphimba mivi. Mivi yokhala ndi chida chotere idakhala chida chowopsa.
