Chule wa Goliati mawonekedwe ake amayambitsa dzanzi, ndiye kuti, mfumukazi ya chule, ngati kuti ndi nthano. Kukula kwenikweni kwa amphibiya wodabwitsayi ndikodabwitsa. Tiyesa kuganizira zonse zosangalatsa kwambiri, pofotokoza osati maonekedwe a chule wamkulu, koma kupsa mtima kwake, machitidwe ake, malo okondeka okhalamo, maubwino oberekera komanso chidziwitso cha kukula kwa anthu ake, osayiwala kutchula zingapo zosangalatsa za nyama yachilendo iyi.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Goliath Chule
Goliath chule ali m'gulu la amphibians opanda zingwe, ndi am'banja la achule enieni. Magawo akunja ndi makulidwe a oimira gululi ndi osiyana. Nthawi zambiri, pafupifupi mamembala onse am'banja la achule enieni amakhala ndi khungu lonyowa komanso losalala. Asayansi amatchula mitundu 395 komanso mitundu 26 m'banja ili.
Si pachabe kuti chuleyu amatchedwa ndi ngwazi ya m'Baibulo, msirikali wamkulu wachifilisiti Goliati (2.77 m wamtali), chifukwa ndi kukula kwake amphibianyu amakhala m'malo oyamba olemekezeka padziko lonse lapansi, pokhala chule wamkulu kwambiri padziko lathu lapansi. Anthu akomweko komwe chule adakhazikika, adamupatsa dzina loti "nia-moa", lomwe limatanthauzira kuti "mwana".
Kanema: Goliati Chule
Za chuleyu adadziwika posachedwa. Apainiya ake ndi akatswiri azanyama aku Europe, omwe adapeza cholengedwa chotere mu 1906. Anthu ambiri ali ndi funso: "Kodi simukadazindikira chule wamkulu chonchi?!" Mwina yankho lake likupezeka mchikhalidwe cha chule, yemwe, ngakhale ali wolimba, ndi wamanyazi kwambiri, wosamala kwambiri komanso wobisa kwambiri.
Potengera izi, amphibian uyu adaphunzira pang'ono, zambiri mwazinthu zamoyo wake ndizachinsinsi kwa ife mpaka pano. Ndikofunika kuwonjezera kuti ngakhale goliath chule ali ndi kukula kolimba, mawonekedwe ake amafanana kwambiri ndi abale ake ang'onoang'ono.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Chule Wamkulu Goliati
Ndizodabwitsa kuti kutalika kwa chule chowulungika ndi pafupifupi masentimita 32 (izi sizingaganizire za zikulu zazikulu), pafupifupi, kuchuluka kwa achule amasiyana kuyambira 3 mpaka 3.5 makilogalamu, koma pali zitsanzo ndi zina zochititsa chidwi kwambiri, zomwe kulemera kwake kumatha kufika 6 kg. zomwe zimangodabwitsa. Kuyang'ana zithunzi zosonyeza ana atanyamula chule wa goliath m'manja, wina amadabwa kwambiri ndi kukula kwakukulu kwa amphibiyaniwa.
Chosangalatsa: Ngati muyeza kutalika kwa goliath chule pamodzi ndi miyendo yake yayitali komanso yamphamvu, ndiye kuti yonse ndi 90 cm kapena kupitirirapo.
Ponena za mawonekedwe ake, ma goliath amafanana ndi achule ena (ngati simusamala kukula kwawo). Mtundu wakhungu la chule wodziwika ndi wobiriwira wakuda, pomwe mabala ena ofiira (owonekera) amawoneka.
Mimba, chibwano ndi mbali yamkati mwa zikhomo zimakhala ndi mawu opepuka, omwe atha kukhala:
- zoyera zonyansa;
- beige;
- wachikasu wachikaso;
- wachikasu wachikasu.
Dorsal dera la achule ndi makwinya, ma tubercles osiyanasiyana amawonekera pamenepo. Maso a chule ndi akulu mokwanira, amakhala ndi iris wachikaso-golide komanso ana opingasa, akutuluka, komwe kumachitika achule onse. Miyendo yakumbuyo ndi yochititsa chidwi komanso yayitali, kutalika kwake kumatha kufikira masentimita 60, komwe kumatalika pafupifupi thupi lonse la chule. Zala zake ndizazikulu komanso zazitali, zimalumikizidwa ndi nembanemba (pamiyendo yakumbuyo).
Chosangalatsa: Anthu aku Africa ndi aku France amakonda kusaka miyendo yayikulu komanso yamphamvu ya goliath, yomwe imadziwika kuti ndi zokoma. Zonsezi zimawononga kwambiri achule.
Ponena za mawonekedwe azakugonana, amapezeka m'ma achule awa: amuna amawoneka ocheperako, ndipo kutalika kwa thupi la akazi ndikutali kwambiri. Tangoganizirani kuti chule wa goliati atha kudumpha mamita atatu!
Kodi chule wa goliati amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Frog ya ku Africa Goliath
Tazolowera kuganiza kuti madambo ndiabwino achule, samasankha kwambiri malo awo okhalamo ndipo amatha kukhala mwamtendere komanso mosangalala m'madzi amadzi odetsedwa, amakonda ngakhale zidole zosavuta. Zonsezi sizikugwirizana ndi goliath chule, mosamala mosamala amasankha malo oti adzagwiritsidwire ntchito, moyandikira njirayi yofunika kwambiri, yomwe moyo wake wamtsogolo wa chule umadalira. Goliath amangokhala ngati madzi omwe madzi ake ndi oyera, amakhala ndi kutentha kwina ndipo ali ndi mpweya wabwino.
Achule akulu kwambiri amakonda madzi othamanga, amasilira mathithi otentha, mitsinje yothamanga kwambiri. Chofunikira kwambiri posankha malo okhala ndi kayendedwe ka madzi otentha, komwe kuyenera kusungidwa pakati pamadigiri 17 mpaka 23 okhala ndi chikwangwani chowonjezera. Kupezeka kwa chinyezi chamlengalenga (mpaka 90%) kumathandizanso pamoyo wamitundu iyi ya amphibian. Achule a Goliati amakhala nthawi yayitali masana atakhala pamphepete mwa miyala, yomwe imapopera madzi nthawi zonse ndi mathithi komanso mitsinje yoyenda mwachangu.
Ponena za malo achulewa, anthu akulu akuluwa amakhala m'malo otentha aku Africa, okhala kudera laling'ono kwambiri.
Goliati amakhala:
- equatorial Guinea (makamaka Gulf of Guinea);
- kum'mwera chakumadzulo kwa Cameroon;
- Gabon (asayansi akuganiza kuti achulewa amakhala kuno, koma sizinatsimikizidwebe).
Kodi chule wa goliati amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Giant Goliath Frog
Popeza goliati ndi wamkulu kwambiri, amafunika chakudya chochuluka, chifukwa amakhala ndi chidwi champhamvu. Kusaka kumachitika makamaka nthawi yamadzulo, mwina chifukwa chachitetezo. Achule amafunafuna nyama zawo pamtunda ndi m'madzi. Zakudya zazikuluzikulu pazosankhazo ndi nyama zopanda mafupa ndi tizilombo tosiyanasiyana.
Chifukwa chake, ma goliath sadzasiya:
- mphutsi;
- akangaude;
- nkhanu;
- nyongolotsi;
- dzombe;
- mphemvu;
- ziwala.
Kuphatikiza pa zonse zomwe zatchulidwazi, mndandanda wa achulewo uli ndi amphibiya ena apakatikati, nsomba, zinkhanira, makoswe ang'onoang'ono, abuluzi, mbalame zazing'ono (kapena anapiye) komanso anthu amanjoka. Goliath ali ndi njira zawo zosakira: atawona chotupitsa, chule akudumpha mwachangu (amatha kutalika mamita atatu) amapezera nyama. Kulumpha, achule akuluakulu amapondereza wovulalayo, modabwitsa. Kuphatikiza apo, goliath nthawi yomweyo amapita kuchakudyacho, natenga chakudyacho, kuchifinya mothandizidwa ndi nsagwada zamphamvu ndikuchimeza chonse, chomwe chimafanana ndi achulewo.
Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, monga achule ena, ma goliath amatenga ndi lilime lawo, kuwameza ndi liwiro la mphezi. Tiyenera kuwonjezeranso kuti ambiri omwe akuvutikawo sawona chule m'masomphenya awo. Izi ndichifukwa choti goliath amatha kuukira kuchokera patali, wokhala tcheru modabwitsa, ndipo wabisika bwino, akuphatikizana kwathunthu ndi miyala yomwe ili pamwamba pamadzi.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Goliath Chule
Achule a Goliath amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukhala osamala, amakhala tcheru nthawi zonse, ndi kukula kwawo konse amakhala ndi bata komanso mantha. Kusankha malo pamiyala yopumira masana, amphibian, choyambirira, onetsetsani kuti mawonekedwe azungulira sanasokonezeke, chifukwa chake adzawona nthawi yomweyo opusawo ndikupulumutsidwa. Ndiyenera kunena kuti kumva achule ndiabwino kwambiri, ndipo kukhala tcheru kwawo kumatha kuchitidwa nsanje, amatha kuwona mdani kapena nyama yomwe ikusuntha pamtunda wa mita 40.
Kugwira goliati sichinthu chophweka. Pozindikira kuwopsa pang'ono, amalowerera m'madzi nthawi yomweyo, ndikubisala mumtsinje woyaka moto, momwe angafikire kuchokera mphindi 10 mpaka 15. Zinthu zonse zosasangalatsa zikatsalira, nsonga ya mphuno ya chule ndi maso akutuluka amayamba kuwonekera pamwamba pa dziwe, kenako thupi lonse limatuluka. Chule amasuntha m'madzi ndi ma jerks apakatikati, komanso pamtunda - ndikulumpha. Amphibiya awa ndi olimba chifukwa gonjetsani mosavuta mafunde othamanga komanso osakhazikika.
Mwambiri, ndizovuta kwambiri kuphunzira ntchito zofunikira za amphibiya zazikuluzikuluzi, amakhala mwamtendere komanso osadziwika. Atasankha miyala yamiyala yomwe imapanga mathithi, goliati amatha kukhala pamenepo kwa nthawi yayitali osayenda konseko, monga amachitira masana, komanso usiku amafunafuna chakudya. Achule samatsika pamiyala yonyowa, chifukwa zikhomo zawo zakutsogolo zili ndi makapu apadera okoka, ndipo miyendo yawo yakumbuyo ili ndi zoluka. Kusintha konseku kumawonjezera kukhazikika kwa iwo, kapena, kupirira.
Chosangalatsa: Chule wa goliath amakhala chete kwenikweni, chifukwa sizipanga phokoso lililonse. Goliath wodekha alibe ma resonator apadera, omwe abale ake ali nawo, chifukwa chake simumva kulira kwa iye.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Chule Wamkulu Goliati
Asayansi amakhulupirira kuti achule a goliath ndi zolengedwa, i.e. chule aliyense amakhala ndi nyumba yakeyake pafupifupi 20 mita mita. Kumeneko amakhala akutumizidwa nthawi zonse ndikusaka. Achule a Goliati amayamba kuswana nthawi yadzuwa. Mpaka pano, sizinatheke kuti apeze momwe amfumu osalankhula amawaitanira atsikanawo. Asayansi amangodziwa kuti njira ya umuna imachitika m'madzi.
Mzimayi amatha kubereka mazira 10 mazira (mazira) munthawi imodzi, m'mimba mwake osachepera 5 mm. Mazira omwe atayikirako amakopeka ndi zotupa mpaka pansi pamitsinje. Sizikudziwika bwino za nthawi yokwanira, koma malinga ndi magwero ena amakhala masiku pafupifupi 70. Kutalika kwa tadpole aliyense wobadwa kumafikira pafupifupi 8 mm; mkamwa mwawo muli makapu oyamwa kuchokera mbali, mothandizidwa ndi ana omwe amamangiriridwa pamiyala yamadzi yomwe ili pansi pamadzi. Ndi mchira wawo wolimba komanso wolimba, amatha kukana kuthamanga. Nampiru amadya zomera za m'madzi.
Njira yosinthira achule imachitika pamene tadpoles amafika masentimita 5 m'litali, kenako amataya mchira wawo. Popanda mchira, achule ang'onoang'ono amakhala ndi kutalika kofanana ndi masentimita 3.5. Goliati amakhala wokhwima pogonana kutalika kwa thupi lake kufika 18 cm mulitali. Nthawi yayitali ya chule imakhala pafupifupi zaka 15.
Chosangalatsa: Pali zidziwitso zakuti kutalika kwa moyo wa goliath chule anali zaka 21. Izi ndizochitika mwapadera, koma zochititsa chidwi.
Adani achilengedwe a achule a goliath
Chithunzi: Goliati chule m'madzi
Ngakhale chule wa goliati ndi chimphona pakati pa abale ake, simungathe kuwatcha olimba mtima komanso olimba mtima. Ndi wamanyazi kwambiri, amakhala wofatsa. Mwa adani ake m'malo awo achilengedwe pali ng'ona, samanyansidwa ndi kudya nyama yayikulu kwambiri yotchedwa amphibians. Nthawi zina zilombo zazikulu zam nthenga zimaukira mlengalenga ma goliath, koma kugwira chuleyu si ntchito yophweka. Goliati ndiwosamala kwambiri, amamvetsera kwambiri.
Achule amakhala moyo wachinsinsi, wamtendere, akudzibisa mwaluso pamphepete mwamadzi. Ali patali, goliati amatha kuzindikira ndikuwona zoopsa chifukwa chakumvetsera mwachidwi komanso kuwona bwino. Chule amatha kuzindikira mdani wake kutalika kwa mita makumi anayi, yomwe nthawi zambiri imapulumutsa moyo wake, chifukwa nthawi yomweyo amabisala pansi pamadzi.
Mdani woopsa kwambiri, wokhetsa magazi komanso wosakhutira ndi chule ndi munthu, chifukwa chake kuchuluka kwa ma goliath kumachepa kwambiri. Anthu achilengedwe aku Africa amasaka ma amphibian, chifukwa nyama yawo imawerengedwa kuti ndi chakudya chokoma. Amapha achule ndi mivi ya poizoni, maukonde ndi mfuti zosaka. Osati kokha kuti anthu aku Africa amadya nyama ya chule, pali ma gourmets ambiri padziko lonse lapansi omwe ali okonzeka kulipira ndalama zambiri kuti alawe zakudyazi. Achule samangogwidwa chifukwa cha gastronomic, amagulidwa ndi osonkhanitsa nyama zakutchire kuti asungidwe.
Zonsezi ndizachisoni kwambiri, chifukwa goliati wamphamvuyo amavutika makamaka chifukwa cha kukula kwake, komwe kumakopa komanso kusangalatsa anthu. Chifukwa cha kukula kwake kwakukulu, kumakhala kovuta kuti chule abisalire, sikuchenjera ngati anzawo ang'onoang'ono. Kupanga kulumpha kwakukulu, ma goliath amatopa msanga, amatuluka ndikungoika pangozi yogwidwa.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Frog waku Africa Goliath
Ngakhale ndizowawitsa bwanji kuzizindikira, kuchuluka kwa chule wamkulu kumakhala kopweteka, chaka chilichonse zolengedwa zodabwitsazi zimacheperachepera. Chifukwa cha izi ndichodzikonda komanso chisanachitike chidwi cha anthu amphibiya achilendowa, omwe amadzikopa chifukwa cha kukula kwawo komanso kulemera kwawo ndi miyezo ya achule.
Chosangalatsa: Pali ziwerengero zokhumudwitsa zomwe, kuyambira zaka za m'ma 80 zapitazo mpaka pano, kuchuluka kwa achule a goliath kwatsika ndi theka, zomwe sizingakhale zowopsa.
Zomwe zimakhudza ma goliaths ndizachindunji (poaching, kutchera misampha) komanso m'njira zina (zochitika zachuma za anthu). Anthu aku Africa amadya achule awa, amawasaka ndi cholinga chowagulitsa kuma gourmets ndi malo odyera m'maiko ena, omwe amawalipira ndalama zabwino kwambiri. Okonda zachilendo amagwira ma goliath kuti asangalale, kuti abwezeretse zopereka zawo ndi nyama zosazolowereka, pomwe, nthawi zambiri achule amafa, chifukwa Ndizovuta komanso zotsika mtengo kuzisamalira.
Zinyama zilizonse zimafuna kukhala ndi chuleyu kuti zodabwitsa alendo. Anthu saganiza kuti zolengedwa zofatsa izi zimafuna kwambiri malo okhala, chifukwa chake, ali mu ukapolo, nthawi zambiri amafa. Achule ambiri a goliath adatengedwa kupita ku United States, komwe aku America adapanga mipikisano yolumpha achule, ndikuwononga ambiri amphibiya.
Anthu amalowa mu biotopes zachilengedwe, amadula nkhalango zam'malo otentha, amadetsa madzi amtsinje, chifukwa chake pali malo ocheperako pomwe chule ya goliath imatha kukhalapo momasuka komanso mosangalala, chifukwa imangokhala m'madzi oyera kwambiri okhala ndi mpweya wokwanira. Chifukwa chachangu pantchito zaulimi, anthu amasamutsa nyama zambiri m'malo omwe zimatumizidwa, izi zikugwiranso ntchito kwa goliath, yemwe gawo lake logawira lili laling'ono kwambiri. Kutengera ndi zomwe tafotokozazi, lingaliro limodzi lokha ndi lomwe likudziwonetsera - goliati chule amafunika njira zina zotetezera kuti asamazimitsidwe padziko lapansi.
Kuteteza achule a goliati
Chithunzi: Goliati chule wochokera ku Red Book
Chifukwa chake, tazindikira kale kuti kuchuluka kwa ma goliath ndikochepa kwambiri, monganso dera lomwe amakhala. Mabungwe achitetezo akuchenjeza anthu, kuyesera kupulumutsa amphibian wodabwitsayu, yemwe ali ndi kukula kwakukulu. Malinga ndi IUCN, goliath chule amadziwika kuti ndi nyama yomwe ili pachiwopsezo, imalembedwa mu International Red Book. Chimodzi mwazinthu zodzitetezera ndikukhazikitsa lamulo loletsa kusaka, koma kuwononga nyama zamatchire kukukulirakulira, sikutheka kuzithetsa, anthu akupitilizabe kupha ndi kugwetsa achule akulu kwambiri kuti apeze phindu, osamalira zokomera zawo zokha.
Pofuna kuteteza mitunduyo, asayansi adayesa kubzala goliaths mu ukapolo, koma zonsezi sizinapambane.Mabungwe achitetezo amachita zochitika zabodza, kulimbikitsa anthu kuti azikhala aulemu komanso osamala za achule akuluakuluwa, chifukwa alibe chitetezo komanso ofooka pamaso pa amiyendo iwiri.
WWF yatenga njira zotsatirazi kuti ipulumutse ma goliath:
- kukhazikitsidwa kwa nkhokwe zitatu, momwe zinthu zonse zidapangidwira kuti achule olimba mtima azikhala odekha komanso osangalala;
- kuteteza malo achilengedwe okhazikika a goliaths, kukhazikitsidwa kwa kayendedwe ka mitsinje ikuluikulu.
Ngati kutsatira izi kungapitirire mtsogolomo, ndiye, monga asayansi ndi anthu ena achikondi amakhulupirira, ndiye kuti mitundu iyi ya achule yomwe ili pachiwopsezo ipulumuke, ndipo kuchuluka kwa anthu kudzawonjezereka. Chachikulu ndichakuti anthu amaganiza ndikuthandizira.
Pomaliza, ndikufuna kuwonjezera izi goliati chule, zowona, zodabwitsa komanso zapadera. Zimaphatikizapo mphamvu zamphamvu komanso kufatsa modabwitsa komanso mantha, zochititsa chidwi, zolimba komanso bata, mawonekedwe odekha, kulumpha kwakukulu ndi ulesi, kuzengereza pang'ono. Mwa kukula kwake kwakukulu, amphibiyayi alibe vuto lililonse ndipo alibe chitetezo, chifukwa chake tiyenera kuyiteteza kuzinthu zilizonse zoyipa ndi zoyipa. Ndikofunika kuthamanga mwachangu, ndikuganiza tsopano, apo ayi nthawiyo itayika mosasinthika.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 04/26/2020
Tsiku losintha: 02/18/2020 ku 21:55
