Anamasuliridwa kuchokera chilankhulo cha Chiturkiki Irbis (kapena irbiz, irbis, irviz) amatanthauziridwa kuti "mphaka wachisanu". Chilombo chachifumu chachifumu ichi moyenerera chimadziwika kuti "mbuye wa mapiri".
Zolemba ndi malo okhala anyalugwe anyalugwe
Irbis ndi mphaka wokulirapo, wokhala ndi ubweya wokongola kwambiri wonyezimira, utoto wosalala, mbali zake malaya amawala, ukadutsa pamimba umakhala woyera. Nthawi zina chikasu chochepa, chosazindikirika chimawoneka.
Mphete zazikulu zakuda zakuda, mawanga ang'onoang'ono ndi mabanga zimabalalika mthupi lonse la nyama. Mtundu uwu umagwira ngati chobisalira: nyamayo imadzibisalira bwino pamapiri amiyala, pakati pa chipale chofewa ndi ayezi, kukhala osawoneka chifukwa cha nyama yomwe ikudya mtsogolo.
Mbali yosangalatsa mu kufotokoza kwa kambuku wa chisanu: mchira wake wamtali wowoneka bwino uzisilira fining ambiri - kutalika kwake ndikofanana ndi kutalika kwa thupi ndipo kupitilira mita imodzi. Avereji ya kutalika ndi pafupifupi masentimita 60, pomwe akazi ndi ocheperako kuposa amuna. Kupanda kutero, anthu omwe si amuna kapena akazi anzawo amasiyana mofananira.
Mwawona kambuku wa chisanu pachithunzichi chosavuta kwambiri kuposa nyama zakutchire: chinyama chimakonda kukhala moyo wachinsinsi, ndipo kambuku wa chisanu amakhala nthawi zambiri m'malo omwe anthu sangathe kufikako: m'zigwa, pamapiri ataliatali, pafupi ndi mapiri a Alpine.
M'nyengo yotentha, imatha kuthana ndi nsonga zoposa mamitala zikwi zisanu. M'nyengo yozizira, nthawi zambiri imatsikira kukasaka nyama. Ndiwo mphaka wokha wa m'mapiri mwa banja lonse la mphalapala.
Chikhalidwe chovuta cha chilombocho, komabe, sichinamupulumutse ku tsoka lomvetsa chisoni: mawonekedwe okongola a kambuku wa chisanu adasewera naye nthabwala yankhanza - nyamayo nthawi zambiri imazunzidwa ndi achiwembu omwe amasaka ubweya.
Tsopano irbis nyama yosowa, m'madera ena ndi anthu 1-2 okha omwe apulumuka. Irbis imaphatikizidwa pamndandanda wazinyama zomwe zili pachiwopsezo ku Red Book. Habitat: mapiri a Mongolia, Tibet, Himalaya, Pamir, Tien Shan, Kazakhstan. Mu Russia - Altai mapiri.
Chikhalidwe ndi moyo wa kambuku wa chisanu
Irbis - nyama makamaka usiku, masana amagona pogona: kuphanga kapena pamtengo. Nthawi zambiri amatha kugona tsiku limodzi kapena kupitilira apo. Amapita kukasaka madzulo kapena mdima.
Amapewa anthu, akakumana, amatha kubisala m'malo moukira. Ndi nyama yokhayo yomwe ili ndi matenda a chiwewe yomwe imatha kukhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu kwa anthu.
Ndiyamika paws yotukuka kwambiri, imayenda mwaluso pamiyala, imatha kuthana ndi mapiri ataliatali kwambiri komanso mapiko amiyala ochepa. Dexterously amasuntha pa chipale chofewa ndi ayezi.
Amakhala yekha, nthawi zina amalowa m'magulu akusaka. Kwenikweni, nthawi yoswana komanso kulera ana. Chinyama chimodzi chimakwirira malo opitilira ma kilomita lalikulu zana.
Amatha kulekerera oyandikana nawo azimayi, koma osati amuna ena. Ngati pali chakudya chokwanira, sichitha mtunda wautali kuchoka pa khola, apo ayi, chimatha kupita makilomita makumi kutali ndi kwawo.
Akambuku a chipale chofewa amakonda kusewera, nthawi zambiri amagwa m'chipale chofewa, amakonda kulowetsa dzuwa. Liwu la kambuku wa chipale chofewa limafanana ndi kulira kwa mphaka. Chilombo ichi chikulira mopepuka, osati mokweza. Akuwonetsa chiwawa ndi mkokomo, akung'ung'udza.
Chakudya cha kambuku wachipale chofewa
Ingwe ya chipale chofewa msaki wabwino kwambiri: chifukwa cha nzeru zawo zobisika komanso maso awo owoneka bwino, amatha kutsata nyama yawo ngakhale mumdima wathunthu. Kugwira wovulalayo kumatha kuchitika m'njira ziwiri: amatha kuzembera mwakachetechete ndikugwira pakumaliza ndi zikhadabo ndi mano, kapena kudikirira kwakanthawi ndikuukira, ndikupanga kulumpha kopitilira muyeso kwa 5 mpaka 10 mita. Imatha kuyang'anira nyama yomwe ili mthunzi kwa nthawi yayitali.
Irbis ndi nyama yolimba komanso yamphamvu, imatha kupirira yokha ndi maululu akuluakulu monga yak, dee deer, ibex, argali, maral. Imatha kugunda nguluwe yakutchire kapena, nthawi zambiri, ngakhale chimbalangondo.
Ngati nyama zazikulu sizipezeka, kambuku wa chisanu amadyetsa hares ang'onoang'ono, nyongolotsi, magawo. Ziweto nthawi zambiri zimaukiridwa, makamaka munthawi yachisanu. Katemera m'modzi wamkulu amamukwanira masiku angapo.
Kubalana ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo wa kambuku wa chisanu
Kumayambiriro kwa masika, komwe kumakhala anyalugwe a chipale chofewa, mutha kumva nyimbo zosangalala zausiku, zomwe zimakumbukira kuyimba kwa amphaka a Marichi, zokhazokha. Kotero mwamuna amayitana mkazi.
Amakumana kokha kwa nthawi yokwatirana, nkhawa ina yokhudza kubala ana imagwera pa mkazi. Zinyama zazing'ono zimakhala zokonzeka kuswana zaka 2-3. Mkazi amabala ana mopitilira miyezi itatu, amphaka amabadwa koyambirira kwa chilimwe. Ana awiri kapena asanu amapezeka m'malo otetezeka bwino.
Amphaka amabadwa, monga amphongo ambiri, akhungu komanso opanda thandizo. Kukula kwa mphaka wawung'ono woweta. Amayamba kuwona masiku 5-6. Ali ndi miyezi pafupifupi iwiri, amatuluka chisa kukasewera padzuwa. Nthawi yomweyo, mayi amayamba kuwadyetsa ndi nyama zazing'ono.
Akambuku achichepere achichepere amasewera kwambiri wina ndi mnzake komanso ndi amayi awo, amakonza zosaka mchira wake kapena kupezana ndi nthabwala zoseketsa. Masewerawa ndiofunikira pakukula kwa makanda: mwanjira imeneyi amakonzekera ukalamba, amaphunzira luso losaka.
Pang'ono ndi pang'ono, amayi amaphunzitsa ana kusaka: pofika miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, amakhala ndi nthawi yambiri akutsata limodzi nyama. Mkazi amaperekeza ana okalamba kwa nthawi yayitali: makamaka, amakhala okonzeka kukhala achikulire pofika masika.
Koma pali milandu pamene amakhala ndikukasaka limodzi mpaka zaka 2-3. Kutalika kwa moyo kwa kambuku wa chisanu kuthengo kumatha zaka 20, m'malo osungira nyama atha kukhala ndi moyo wautali kwambiri.
Akambuku oyamba kusowa kwa chisanu adapezeka ku Zoo ku Moscow zaka 100 zapitazo, mu 1871. Poyamba, antchito adakumana ndi zovuta zambiri posunga nyama zakutchire: anyalugwe a chisanu amwalira ndi matenda, sanabereke.
Pakadali pano, nyama zosowa izi zimasungidwa bwino ndikuberekanso m'malo osungira nyama ku Russia ndi Europe, zomwe zimathandiza kuteteza ziwetozi. Gulya yemwe ndi kambuku wofewa kwambiri amakhala ku Leningrad Zoo.
