Nsomba yomwe ili ndi dzina lodziwika bwino lotchedwa Apistogram Ramirezi yakhala ikukondweretsa amadzi kwa zaka pafupifupi 70, kuphatikiza kukongola, kudzichepetsa, kukhala okonzeka nthawi zonse kubereka komanso kukhala mwamtendere kawirikawiri pa cichlids.
Ramirezi apistogram m'chilengedwe
Cichlid wamtunduyu adawonedwa koyamba ndikugwidwa mu 1947, makamaka chifukwa cha katswiri wazinyama za Amazonia, Manuel Vincent Ramirez waku Colombiya, yemwe adatsagana ndiulendo wasayansi waku America G. Blass.
Chaka chotsatira, chikhochi chidasankhidwa ndikupatsidwa dziko lapansi pansi pa dzina loti Apistogramma ramirezi... Malongosoledwe ake, omwe Dr. George Sprague Myers ndi R. R. Harry, adawonekera mu Aquarium Magazine (Philadelphia).
Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, nsomba, monga bwana weniweni, yasintha mayina (Ramirez apistogram, apistogram ya butterfly, Ramirez apistogram, butterfly chromis, ramirezka) ndipo adasunthidwa ndi akatswiri a sayansi ya zamoyo kuchokera kumtundu wina kupita ku wina, mpaka atatsika pang'ono mu mtundu wa Mikrogeophagus.
Maonekedwe, kufotokoza
Gulugufe wa Chromis ndi wa dongosolo la ma perchiform ndipo amadziwika kuti ndi amodzi mwamagulu ang'onoang'ono amchere a m'nyanja ya aquarium, omwe amakula mpaka masentimita 5-7. Akazi amasiyana ndi amuna kukula (omalizirawo ndi akulu) ndi utoto wam'mimba (kapezi - wamkazi, lalanje - wamwamuna).
Zofunika! Pali zizindikiro zina zolekanitsa: mkazi wamkazi amakhala ndi malo ofiira akuda ozungulira kunyezimira, ndipo kunyezimira kwa dorsal fin (kwachiwiri ndi kwachitatu) ndikofupikitsa kuposa kwa mnzake. Imaperekedwanso ndi "kunyezimira koyamba kwa dorsal fin, yolumikizidwa komanso yakuda yakuda.
Ramirezi apistogram ilipo pamitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi mawonekedwe: buluni, golide, buluu wamagetsi, neon, chophimba ndi albino.
Komabe, pali mtundu wofanana, womwe umadziwika ndi mtundu wonse wabuluu wokhala ndi utoto wofiirira komanso pamphumi / pakamwa pofiira. Maso nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi madontho akulu akulu atatu.
Mawanga akuda amawoneka kumbuyo, akuyenda bwino mpaka mizere yopingasa. Ndi chiyambi cha kubala, kudula kwamphongo (makamaka amuna) kumasinthidwa - mtundu wa masikelo umakhala wowala, wa buluu.
Kufalitsa, malo okhala
Ramirezi apistogram ndi mbadwa ya South America, makamaka, Bolivia, Venezuela ndi Colombia. Nsomba zimakonda kukhala m'madzi osaya kwambiri, okhala m'mitsinje ndi mitsinje yoyenda mu Orinoco.
M'misewu yamtsinje waukuluwu, makamaka komwe kulibe, nsomba sizizizira konse: ngakhale mu Januware, mwezi wozizira wa chaka, kutentha kwamadzi sikutsika pansi + 22 + 26 ° С, ndipo nthawi yachilimwe masana nthawi zonse imadutsa + 30 ° KUCHOKERA.
Kuphatikiza pa kutentha kwanyengo, matupi am'madzi am'madzi amawonetsa pang'ono acidic kuchokera 5.5 mpaka 6.5 pH komanso kuwuma kotsika (0-2 ° dGH). Apistogram ya gulugufe imawonetsanso kutsatira njira zama hydrological zofananira.
Kusunga ramirezi kunyumba
Ziwerengero za nsomba zaku South America zidakakamizidwa kuti zizolowere zizindikiritso zingapo zama hydrological, zomwe zimachepetsa kufunika kwa malo osungira ndikuzolowera kutentha.
Ndicho chifukwa chake akatswiri a zachthology amati Apistogramma ramirezi ndi zolengedwa zosadzikweza, ndikuwalimbikitsa kuti azisunga komanso kuswana ngakhale akatswiri odziwa zamadzi.
Zofunikira za Aquarium
Nsomba zingapo zikuthokozani chifukwa cha "nyumba" yokhala ndi malita 30 kapena kupitilira apo, yokhala ndi kusefera bwino komanso mpweya wabwino, komanso kusintha kwamadzi sabata iliyonse... Kodi ndi chiyani china chomwe odula nkhosa zanu amafunikira?
- Kuunikira kowala bwino, kwabwino kuposa mabuluu ndi azungu kuti akomere ma turquoise, emerald ndi safiro sheen wa masikelo.
- Gawo lotseguka la kusambira kwaulere komanso malo okhala ndi mthunzi wokhala ndi maluwa okongola kapena echinodorus.
- Zomera zilizonse zobiriwira (kupatula udzu wokhala ndi masamba ofiira).
- Kusalala kwakukulu kwa granite imvi kapena basalt / gabbro, kuphatikiza nkhuni zochokera ku 2-3.
- Nthaka ndi maziko a aquarium ziyenera kukhala monochrome, makamaka mdima.
Yesetsani kupangitsa kuwala kwa dzuwa nthawi zina kulowa m'madzi a aquarium: mwa kuwala kwawo, chovala cha chromis chimawoneka bwino.
Zofunikira zamadzi
Cichlids am'madzi amafunika malo oyera kwambiri, okhala ndi asidi pang'ono, komanso mpweya wabwino. Pezani oxidizer kuti mupange oxygen.
Asiti otsika ndiofunikira makamaka pakubala: ngati simukufuna kukonzanso ma apistogramu, madzi osalowerera ndale ngakhale amchere pang'ono azichita. Ndibwino ngati ndi lofewa, koma mitundu yam'madzi ya chromis imaperekanso madzi olimba pang'ono.
Ngati madzi ali mitambo ndikukhathamira ndi zinyalala, nsomba zitha kufa... Ikani fyuluta yamphamvu kuti musafe. Mufunikiranso chowotcha chotenthetsera mpaka 24 + 30 ° С.
Gulugufe apistogram itha kutentha pang'ono, koma m'madzi ofunda nsombazo zimasewera kwambiri.
Ramirezi apistogram chisamaliro
Ngati mukufuna kuti ma chromis asangalale kwambiri ndi kukhalapo, awonetseni ndi aquarium yoyenda. Kawirikawiri makina okwera mtengo otere amapezeka kwa akatswiri omwe amaweta nsomba pafupipafupi.
Okonda amangokhala ndi kusintha kwamadzi: mpaka 30% - sabata iliyonse kapena 10% - tsiku lililonse. Madzi oyenera kuwonjezeredwa ndikusinthidwa ayenera kukhala ndi thupi komanso mankhwala ofanana.
Apistogram ya Ramirezi siyilekerera kupezeka kwa chlorine. Kuti asanduke nthunzi, khazikitsani madzi apampopi kwa masiku angapo, osayiwala kuti nthawi zonse mumawomba.
Masiku 14 aliwonse, mofananamo ndikusintha kwa madzi, dothi limatsukidwa. Ngati pali nsomba zambiri mu aquarium, dothi limatsukidwa masiku asanu ndi awiri. Izi zimapulumutsa ku silting wambiri komanso mapangidwe oyimitsidwa mopitilira muyeso.
Zakudya zopatsa thanzi, zakudya
Apistograms amadya chakudya chilichonse: amakhala (daphnia, bloodworms, corotra, tubifex), komanso kuzizira ndi kuuma, kuzolowera kumapeto kwa masabata 1-2.
Zofunika! Kukula kwa tizidutswa tazakudya sikuyenera kupitirira kukula kwa zida za nsagwada za chromis. Kupanda kutero, kamwa yake yaying'ono sitha kulimbana ndi chakudyacho.
Ramirezok amatha kudyetsedwa ndi ma pellets a discus... Popeza ma cichlids amatolera chakudya makamaka pansi, ma pellets amatha kukhala pamenepo (mpaka atadyedwa kwathunthu) kwa kotala la ola limodzi.
Pazamoyo zam'madzi zam'madzi, chakudya chonse ndi choyenera, chimodzi chonse - chokhacho chomira: kuti oyandikana nawo pamwamba asapose chromis, omwe amakonda kutsika kwamadzi.
Ngati mutaya nsomba yachisanu ndi chisanu, dikirani kuti isungunuke musanatumize ku aquarium.
Kuswana ramirezi
Pakatha miyezi 4-6, nsomba zomwe zimakula mpaka masentimita atatu zimakhala zokonzeka kubereka. Nsomba zimakhulupirika kwa wina ndi mzake ndipo zimamatirana limodzi bola ngati zimatha kuberekanso ana. Koma nthawi zambiri zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kupeza awiri omwe ali ndi chibadwa chabwino cha makolo: Ma Chromis nthawi zambiri amadya mazira kapena sawasamala.
Zinthu zokolola:
- aquarium ya 15 l, ndi miyala yosalala, zomera ndi mchenga wokulira;
- kutalika kwa madzi kumakhala pafupifupi masentimita 8-10, acidity ndi kutentha kwake ndizocheperako poyerekeza ndi aquarium yonse;
- imafunikira madzi ofooka ndikuwonjezera tsiku ndi tsiku (kuti ipangitse kubereka).
Chowotcheracho, chomwe nthawi zambiri chimatengedwa kupita kumalo kupita kwina, chimakhala ndi mazira 50 mpaka 400. Onse makolo amasanja mazira, kuchotsa akufa.
Nthawi yosakaniza (maola 45-80) imatha ndikuwoneka kwa mphutsi, zomwe zimasanduka mwachangu, zomwe zimafuna kudyetsa. Koma si ana onse (ngakhale atakhala m'malo abwino) omwe amapulumuka.
Kugwirizana ndi nsomba zina
Pa apistogram ya Ramirezi, nkhanza za intraspecific (zamalo) ndizodziwika kwambiri kuposa interspecific. Ichi ndichifukwa chake nyama zowononga izi zimayanjana ndi ziwombankhanga zina zodekha monga:
- malaya ofiira ofiira;
- guppies ophimbidwa (amuna);
- minga, iris ndi zebrafish;
- neon, rasbora ndi tetras;
- gourami, nsomba zamtendere zamtendere ndi lalius;
- tambala ndi mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe;
- zikopa, zingwe zazing'ono ndi discus.
Zofunika! Ramirezi Apistogram siyikugwirizana ndi nsomba zazikulu komanso zankhondo, kuphatikiza zikuluzikulu zazikuluzikulu, ma piranhas ndi mphaka. Malo oyandikana ndi nsomba zagolide nawonso amatsutsana.
Utali wamoyo
Kutalika kwa moyo wa chromis, a priori osagwirizana ndi ziwindi zazitali, zimadalira kutentha kwa madzi am'madzi a mu aquarium... Amakhulupirira kuti pa 25 amakhala zaka 4, ndipo pa 27 + 30 - zaka zochepa chabe. Ngati kuwerengera kutentha kumakhala kotsika kuposa madigiri + 24, odulira nkhosa amatenga matenda ndikufa msanga.
Komwe mungagule ramistzi apistogram, mtengo
Nsombazo zimagulitsidwa m'masitolo ogulitsira pa intaneti komanso obzala paokha, zomwe zikuwonetsa mtengo wa demokalase kuyambira 100 mpaka 300 rubles.
Ngati mukufuna gulu lokongola, gulani ramirezok kuchokera kwa obereketsa atatu kapena anayi (makope 3-4 aliwonse). Ndi bwino kuchita izi masana, kuti ziwetozo zizolowere nthawi yomweyo. Kupanda kutero, anthu akale (makamaka mumtsinje wochepa wamadzi) atha kuyesa kuthana ndi atsopanowa powapha mpaka kufa.
Yang'anirani alendowo mpaka atakhazikika pamalo atsopano: ngati pali chiwopsezo chotsutsana, siyanitsani otsutsana wina ndi mnzake ndi magalasi. Bzalani zomera zowirira kwambiri pomwe nsomba zokhumudwitsidwa ndi oyandikana nazo zimatha kubisala.
Zofunika! Mukamasankha chromis, musatenge nsomba zowononga kwambiri: mtundu wawo wowala nthawi zambiri umachitika chifukwa cha kutulutsa mahomoni kapena zakudya zapadera. Chotsani zochulukirapo zowoneka bwino komanso zocheperako, zomwe zimayang'ana kwambiri ma sikilidi apakatikati a 1.5-2.5 masentimita, osiyana pang'ono.
Ndemanga za eni
Omwe amayamba kuswana ma apireogramu a Ramirezi nthawi yomweyo amazindikira mtundu wawo wabwino: nsomba sizikumba dothi, sizizula kapena kuzula mbewu zam'madzi zam'madzi, kuti chromis ikhozedwe bwino mwa akatswiri azitsamba.
Zomera zilizonse zimalangizidwa ngati zomera zam'madzi, mwachitsanzo, eleocharis parvula, vallisneria komanso udzu woyandama (eichornia kapena pistia). Ngati aquarium ndiyotsimikizika, simuyenera kuphimba - mafelemu samatuluka m'madzi... Ndipo ichi ndi chimodzi kuchokera pamndandanda wazabwino zawo.
Eni ma apistogram amalangiza kukhazikitsa nyali yoyatsira (mwachitsanzo, Marin Glo), yomwe imathandizira mtundu wachilengedwe wa nsomba zaku South America.
