Dera la Smolensk lili pakatikati pa Russia ku East European Plain. Gawo lake lalikulu limaperekedwa ku Smolensk-Moscow Upland, kumwera kwa Transnistrian Lowland, komanso kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Baltic.
Zinthu zachilengedwe zimakhala ndi nyengo yotentha yozungulira kontinenti, yomwe siimadziwika ndi kutsika kwakuthwa kwamphamvu. M'nyengo yotentha, kutentha kwakukulu ndi -10, kawirikawiri imatha kutsika mpaka -30, theka lachiwiri la dzinja. Kudera lino la Russia, kumagwa mvula nthawi zambiri ndipo kumakhala mitambo. Kunoko sikutentha konse mpaka chilimwe mpaka +20.
M'dera la Smolensk amayenda mtsinje wa Dnieper wokhala ndi volut Vol, Desna, Sozh, Vyazma, kuwonjezera pa izi, pali nyanja pafupifupi 200, zokongola kwambiri: Svaditskoe ndi Velisto. Dera lonse la nkhalango ndi ma 2185.4 mahekitala zikwi ndipo amakhala 42% amderali.
Zomera
Mitengo ya dera la Smolensk ili ndi nkhalango, minda yokumba, zitsamba, madambo, misewu, mapiri.
Mitengo yokhotakhota imakhala 75.3% ya malo onse azomera mdziko lino, pomwe 61% imagwera m'minda yazomera.
Mitengo ya Coniferous imapanga 24.3%, pakati pawo pali mitundu ya spruce (pafupifupi 70%).
Nkhalango zolimba zimaphimba kokha 0.4% yamalo onse ndi zomera.
Mitengo yodziwika kwambiri ndi iyi:
Mtengo wa Birch
Birch, kutalika kwake ndi 25-30 m, ili ndi korona wotseguka ndi makungwa oyera. Sizochokera ku mitundu ya whimsical, imathana bwino ndi chisanu. Mitundu yambiri yamitengo.
Yambani
Aspen ndi mtengo wovuta wa banja la Willow. Imafalikira m'malo okhala ndi nyengo yachisoni komanso yozizira, chosiyana ndi masamba omwe akunjenjemera ndi mphepo yamkuntho.
Alder
Alder ku Russia akuyimiridwa ndi mitundu 9, yofala kwambiri ndi alder wakuda. Imafika kutalika kwa 35 m ndi m'mimba mwake masentimita 65, nkhuni zake zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mipando.
Maple
Mapulo ndi azomera zobiriwira, amatha kukula kuchokera 10 mpaka 40 mita kutalika, amakula mwachangu. Amakhala ndi matenda komanso tizilombo toononga.
Mtengo
Oak ndi wa banja la Beech, ndi mtengo wodula, kutalika kwake kumatha kufika 40-50 m.
Linden
Linden amakula mpaka 30 m, amakhala zaka 100, amakonda nkhalango zosakanikirana, amatha bwino ndi mthunzi.
Phulusa
Ash ndi a banja la Olive, ali ndi masamba osowa, amafika 35 mita kutalika.
Msuzi
Spruce ndi gawo la banja la Pine ndipo mtengo wobiriwira nthawi zonse wokhala ndi singano tating'ono, umatha kufikira 70 m.
Pine
Mtengo wa paini uli ndi masingano akulu ndipo ndi mtengo wonyezimira.
Zina mwa zitsamba ndi izi:
Nkhalango geranium
Forest geranium ndi therere losatha, inflorescence ndi lilac yopepuka kapena mdima wonyezimira wokhala pakati wowala;
Zelenchuk wachikasu
Zelenchuk wachikasu amatchedwanso khungu usiku, amatanthauza zomera zosatha ndi masamba a veleveti, makapu amaluwa ali ngati belu.
Nkhalango ya Angelica
Angelo ndi a banja la maambulera, maluwa oyera amafanana ndi maambulera.
M'nkhalango za spruce mungapeze: mosses wobiriwira, lingonberries, raspberries, hazel, acid acid, blueberries.
Moss wobiriwira
Maluwa a zipatso
Rasipiberi
Hazel
Kislitsa
Mabulosi abulu
M'nkhalango za paini pali: ndere, heather, mawoko amphaka, mlombwa.
Ndere
Heather
Mphaka
Mphungu
Nkhalangoyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito pokolola matabwa kumpoto chakumadzulo, kumpoto ndi kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa derali, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zimabwezeredwa ndi minda yaying'ono. Zomera zochiritsa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala. Mzinda wa Smolensk uli ndi malo osaka, ndipo ntchito zofufuza zikuchitika.
M'dera la Smolensk kuli kusefukira kwamadzi, malo otsetsereka komanso owuma, komanso madambo okwera komanso otsika.
Zinyama za dera la Smolensk
Poganizira kuti dera lino lili m'chigawo cha nkhalango zosakanikirana, ndiye m'dera lake mumakhala:
M'dera lililonse la Smolensk mutha kukumana ndi hedgehog, mole, bat, hare. Chiwerengero chachikulu cha mileme chidalembedwa mu Red Book.
Hedgehog
Mole
Mleme
Nguluwe
Nguluwe zakutchire ndizambiri, nyama zimasakidwa.
Kalulu
Hares amakonda masamba obiriwira komanso malo azitsamba.
Chimbalangondo chofiirira
Zimbalangondo za Brown ndizinyama zolusa, makamaka zazikulu, amakonda kukhazikika m'nkhalango zowirira, pali nyama pafupifupi 1,000.
Nkhandwe
Mimbulu - zilipo zokwanira m'derali, chifukwa chake kuloledwa kusaka.
Pafupifupi mitundu 131 ya nyama yalembedwa mu Red Book of Smolensk ndipo amatetezedwa ndi lamulo, kusaka ndikoletsedwa. Zowopsa ndi izi:
Muskrat
Wotsalira ndi wa banja la a Mole. Ndi kanyama kakang'ono, mchira wake wokutidwa ndi mamba owoneka ngati nyanga, mphuno yake ili ngati thunthu, miyendo ndi yayifupi, ubweya wake ndi wotuwa kapena wakuda, mimba ndiyopepuka.
Otter
Otter ndi nyama yolanda nyama ya Mustelidae. Amakhala moyo wam'madzi. Nyamayo ili ndi thupi losanjikizana, ubweya wake ndi woderapo pamwamba, pomwepo pamakhala poyera kapena siliva. Maonekedwe a otter (mutu wolimba, miyendo yayifupi ndi mchira wautali) amalola kusambira pansi pamadzi, ubweya wake sumanyowa.
Mbalame
Pa nthawi yodzala mderali pali mitundu yoposa 70 ya mbalame, zambiri zomwe ndizochepa, ndipo ndizosatheka kuzisaka. Zing'onozing'ono ndizo:
Dokowe wakuda
Dokowe wakuda amadziwika ndi nthenga zakuda ndi zoyera ndipo amadyetsa m'madzi osaya komanso malo osefukira.
Mphungu yagolide
Mphungu yagolide ndi ya banja la Yastrebins, yomwe imakonda kukhala kumapiri, m'chigwa. Wachinyamata amakhala ndi mawanga oyera oyera pamapiko, mchira woyera wokhala ndi malire amdima. Mlomo wa mbalameyo ndi wolumikizidwa. Mtundu wa nthenga za munthu wamkulu ndi bulauni yakuda kapena bulauni yakuda.
Njoka
Chiwombankhanga chimapezeka m'nkhalango zosakanikirana ndi nkhalango. Kumbuyo kwa mbalameyi kumakhala kofiirira. Mbalame yobisa kwambiri.
Tsekwe zakuda
Goose Goose ndi wa banja la Duck, woimira wawo wocheperako. Mutu ndi khosi ndizakuda, kumbuyo kwake ndi mapiko ndi kofiirira. Mwa akulu, pali kolala yoyera pakhosi pansi pakhosi. Mapiko okhala ndi milomo ndi akuda.
Mphungu yoyera
Chiwombankhanga choyera chimakhala ndi nthenga zofiirira, ndipo mutu ndi khosi lokhala ndi chikasu chachikaso, mchirawo ndi wopindika, mphukira ndi iris ya diso ndi yachikaso chowala.
Khungu lachifwamba
Falcon ya peregrine ndi ya banja la Falcon, kukula kwake sikupitilira kukula kwa khwangwala wokutira. Amasiyanitsidwa ndi nthenga zakuda, zotuwa kumbuyo, mimba yopepuka yosalala ndi mutu wakuda wakumutu. Peregrine Falcon ndiye mbalame yothamanga kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, kuthamanga kwake ndikopitilira 322 km paola.
Mphungu Yocheperako
Chiwombankhanga Chachikulu
Ziwombankhanga zing'onozing'ono komanso zazikuluzikulu sizidziwikiratu, zimakhala ndi nthenga zakuda, kumbuyo kwa mutu ndi dera lomwe lili pansi pa mchira ndizowala kwambiri.
