Chimodzi mwazinthu zodziwika bwino kwambiri zopanda amphibiya ndi toad wobiriwira kapena the toad wobiriwira waku Europe. Nyama zimasinthasintha malo okhalamo osiyanasiyana, kaya ndi mudzi wawung'ono kapena mzinda waukulu. Muthanso kupeza nthumwi yoimira amphibiya m'nkhalango, steppe, semi-desert and desert. Chinsalu chobiriwira chimafuna malo owuma, owala, ndipo chimakhala ndi moyo wapadziko lapansi. Nthawi zambiri, nyamayi imapezeka ku Siberia, Europe, Africa ndi Central Asia. Ma amphibiya opanda mchira amadziwika ndi luso lawo: woimira wopanda zingwe amakonda kusaka usiku mumisewu yowunikira.
Makhalidwe ambiri
Zitsamba zobiriwira sizikula. Kutalika kwa thupi lawo kumafika masentimita 9. Nyama zimakhala ndi zotupa, zowuma pakhungu logwira, komanso ma gland omwe amawoneka ngati odzigudubuza, omwe amakhala pambali pa mutu. Ndi thandizo lawo, amphibian amadziteteza kwa adani, chifukwa amatulutsa mankhwala owopsa. Zitsamba zobiriwira ndimtundu wa azitona wonyezimira, wokhala ndi madontho ofiira kapena mabala obiriwira kumbuyo.
Misoti imatha kupirira kutentha, imakhala yabwino pamatenthedwe a +33 madigiri. Nyama zimasanduka chinyezi, zomwe zimalepheretsa kutentha kwambiri.
Moyo ndi zakudya
Nthawi yogwira zitsamba zobiriwira ndi usiku. Malo owuma ndi malo abwino okhala. Amuna amakonda kukhala pazinthu zakuda kuti asakope chidwi. Nyama zopanda mchira zimakhala ndi moyo wapadziko lapansi, zikubisalira kutentha kwa madigiri +7. Malo okumbapo zimbudzi, maenje, malo amiyala pansi, ndi nthaka yosalala amaonedwa ngati malo abwino kubisalapo. Zitsamba zobiriwira zimadutsa m'modzi m'modzi, nthawi zina anthu amakhala m'magulu anayi. Kutalika kwa hibernation kumatha kukhala masiku 185.
Nthawi yodyetsa zitsamba ndi usiku. Lilime lokhala pansi, lomwe limagwera pang'ono mbali yake, zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuti nyama zifikire nyama yomwe ikufuna. Zakudya zopanda zingwe zimaphatikizira ma arachnids, nyerere, ndowe, mbozi, kafadala, nsikidzi, ndi mphutsi.
Zoswana
Zitsamba zobiriwira zimayamba kuswana nthawi yomwe imatha. Madzi akamatentha mpaka madigiri 12 (Epulo-Meyi), akulu amayamba kukwatirana. Malo abwino oti umuna uwoneke ngati dambo, nyanja, dziwe, dzenje, mosungira ngakhalenso chithaphwi. Mwamuna wamwamuna amatenga chachikazi ndikumukakamiza kumimba kwake. Wosankhidwayo amayikira mazira ngati chingwe, pomwe mazirawo amakonzedwa m'mizere iwiri. Ana amtsogolo ndi akuda, kuchuluka kwa makanda kumatha kufikira ma 12 800 ma PC. Pambuyo poyikira mazira, omwe amachitika pafupi ndi gombe, mkazi amachoka posungira.
Nthawi zina, abambo amayang'anira ana amtsogolo. Nthawi yosakaniza imatha masiku 3 mpaka 5. Choyamba, mphutsi zokhala pansi, zimawoneka, zomwe pakapita nthawi yochepa zimakhala zosakhwima komanso zosangalatsa, zokhala ndi njala yabwino. Nthawi yakucha imatha miyezi ingapo. Anthu amakula msinkhu azaka zapakati pa 2 ndi 4.
Adani akulu
Ena mwa adani omwe amaopseza moyo wa mbalame zobiriwira ndi adokowe, imvi, kites wofiira. Pofuna kuopseza mdani, chinyama chimatulutsa fungo linalake ndikupanga mawu owopsa. Ngakhale kuti njira imeneyi "ingachititse mantha" mbalame, ilibe mphamvu pa njoka.
Zinyama zazing'ono zili pachiwopsezo kuchokera ku nkhuku, abakha ndi ana a nyenyezi. Mphutsi za agulugufe ndi kafadala a mabanja ena amadyanso tadpoles. Ziweto zobiriwira zimatha kukhala nyama ya mbira, minks ndi otters.
Nthawi yayitali yopanda zingwe ndi zaka 10.
