Ngakhale m'zaka zapitazo, munthu wamba amatha kukhala mwamtendere pabwalo la mlimi popanda kuwopa moyo wake. Anthu a m'mudzimo ankaopa kupha munthu wina chifukwa choopa malodza kuti angabweretse mavuto m'nyumba zawo.
Maonekedwe, malongosoledwe a njoka wamba
Chokwawa ndi cha banja lopangidwa kale, losiyana ndi abwenzi ake mu njoka njoka ndi "makutu" achikaso - zolemba pamutu (pafupi ndi khosi). Mawanga ndi mandimu, lalanje, oyera, kapena osawoneka konse.
Kukula kwa munthu wamba sikudutsa 1 mita, koma palinso mitundu yolimba kwambiri (1.5-2 m iliyonse). Amuna ndi ochepa kwambiri kuposa akazi. Mutu wa njoka umasiyanitsidwa mowonekera ndi khosi, ndipo thupi limakhala lalitali katatu kuposa mchira.
Pamwamba pa thupi la njoka akhoza kujambulidwa mdima wakuda, bulauni kapena maolivi, osungunuka ndi mawonekedwe amdima. Belly - imvi yoyera kapena yoyera, yokhala ndi mzere wakuda wakuda pakati... Kwa anthu ena, mzerewu umakhala pansi pamunsi. Pakati pa njoka, pali maalubino ndi ma melanist.
Kufanana ndi mphiri
Ndizosangalatsa!Njoka yabwino siyofanana kwenikweni ndi njoka yapoizoni: malo omwe mumawakonda kwambiri (nkhalango, maiwe, kapinga) komanso chidwi chopewa kugundana ndi anthu.
Zowona, mphiriyo nthawi zambiri samakhazikika ndikumuwombera munthu poyenda mosasamala koyamba.
Pali zosiyana zambiri pakati pa zokwawa:
- motalikirapo, wocheperako kuposa mphiri ndipo amasinthasintha kusintha kuchokera mthupi kupita kumchira;
- Pamutu pa njoka pamakhala mawanga achikasu, ndipo kansalu kazithunzi kakuyenda kumbuyo kwa njoka;
- njokayo ili ndi mutu wowulungika, wokhala ndi ovoid pang'ono, pomwe njoka imakhala yamakona atatu ndipo imafanana ndi mkondo;
- njoka zilibe mano owopsa;
- mu njoka, anawo ndi owongoka kapena ozungulira (ofanana ndi amphaka), ndipo munjoka, ana amapita, ngati ndodo;
- njoka zimadya achule, ndipo njoka zimakonda mbewa.
M'malo mwake, pali zosiyana zambiri (mwachitsanzo, mawonekedwe amiyeso ndi zovuta), koma amateur safuna chidziwitso ichi. Simungayang'ane pamiyeso pomwe pali chiwopsezo cha njoka, sichoncho?
Malo okhala, malo okhala
Kumpoto chakumpoto, njoka wamba imatha kupezeka kuchokera ku Karelia ndi Sweden kupita ku Arctic Circle, kumwera - pagombe lakumpoto kwa Africa (mpaka Sahara). Malire akumadzulo amtunduwu amayenda kuzilumba za Britain ndi Iberian Peninsula, pomwe malire akum'mawa ali pakati pa Mongolia ndi Transbaikalia.
Njoka zimasinthasintha malo aliwonse, ngakhale anthropogenic, bola ngati pali madzi pafupi ndi madzi osayenda kapena oyenda pang'onopang'ono.
Njokazi zimakhala kudambo, nkhalango, malo osefukira mitsinje, steppe, chithaphwi, mapiri, minda, madera akumatauni ndi madera a nkhalango... Zikakhazikika mumzinda, njoka nthawi zambiri zimakhala pansi pa mawilo, chifukwa zimakonda kukwera phula. Ichi ndiye chifukwa chachikulu chakuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa njoka mdera lokhala ndi anthu ambiri, ngakhale padziko lonse lapansi, munthu sayenera kuda nkhawa ndi kuchuluka kwa mitunduyo.
Kuyembekezera komanso moyo
Amakhala kale kwambiri, kuyambira zaka 19 mpaka 23, ndipo chikhalidwe chachikulu cha moyo wake wautali chimawerengedwa kuti ndi madzi, omwe amachititsa dzina lasayansi la mitunduyo - natrix (kuchokera ku Latin natans, lotanthauzidwa kuti "kusambira").
Ndizosangalatsa!Amamwa ndikusambira kwambiri, ndikupanga kusambira kwakutali popanda cholinga chenicheni. Njira yawo nthawi zambiri imadutsa m'mphepete mwa nyanja, ngakhale anthu ena amawoneka kunyanja komanso pakatikati pa nyanja zazikulu (pamtunda wa makilomita makumi kuchokera kumtunda).
M'madzi, imayenda ngati njoka zonse, ikukweza khosi lake mozungulira ndikukhotetsa thupi lake ndi mchira mu ndege yopingasa ngati yoweyula. Pakusaka, imamira pansi kwambiri, ndipo ikapuma, imagona pansi kapena kukulunga msampha wamadzi.
Imafufuza nyama m'mawa / madzulo, ngakhale pachimake pamakhala masana. Patsiku loyera, wamba amatulutsa mbali zake padzuwa pa chitsa, mwala, kuwomberako, thunthu logwetsedwa kapena kukwera kulikonse. Usiku, umakwawa kulowa m'malo obisalapo - opanda mizu yomwe yasunthidwa, miyala kapena mabowo.
Adani a njoka wamba
Njokayo ikabisala dzuwa lisanalowe, imaziziritsa mwachangu ndipo sitha kuthawa msanga kwa adani achilengedwe, omwe amawoneka:
- nyama zodyetsa kuphatikizapo nkhandwe, galu wamtundu, weasel, ndi hedgehog;
- Mitundu 40 ya mbalame zazikulu (mwachitsanzo, adokowe ndi ntchentche);
- makoswe, kuphatikizapo makoswe;
- amphibiya monga achule ndi achule;
- nsomba (amadya nyama zazing'ono);
- kachilomboka ndi nyerere (kuwononga mazira).
Poyesa kuchita mantha ndi mdaniyo, amalira mokweza ndikuthyola khosi (kunamizira ngati njoka yapoizoni), ndikupinda thupi mozungulira komanso mopindika mwamphamvu kumapeto kwa mchira. Njira yachiwiri ndikuthawa.
Ndizosangalatsa! Wogwidwa m'manja mwa chilombo kapena m'manja mwa munthu, nyamazi zimayerekezera kuti zamwalira kapena zimawaza chinthu chonunkha chomwe chimabisidwa ndi zotsekemera.
Njoka nthawi zonse zimasowa malo okhala odalirika, ndichifukwa chake amasangalala kugwiritsa ntchito zipatso za zochita za anthu, kukhazikika nyumba, zophikira nkhuku, malo osambira, kosungira nyumba, milatho, malo okhalamo, milu ya manyowa ndi zinyalala.
Zakudya - kodi wamba amadya bwanji
Zomwe amakonda njoka ndizosangalatsa - awa ndi achule ndi nsomba... Nthawi zina amaphatikizapo zakudya zake ndi nyama zina zazikulu. Zitha kukhala:
- zatsopano
- achule;
- abuluzi;
- anapiye (atuluka m'chisa);
- makoswe amadzi obadwa kumene;
- tizilombo ndi mphutsi zawo.
Njoka zimanyoza zovunda ndipo sizidya zomera, koma zimamwa mkaka mofunitsitsa zikapezeka mu terrarium.
Posaka nsomba, imagwiritsa kale ntchito njira yoyembekezera, kuti igwire wozungulirayo ndi kayendedwe ka mphenzi ikasambira moyandikira. Achule akuthamangira kale kumtunda, koma samayesa kubwereranso patali, osawona ngozi yakufa mwa njokayo.
Chakudya cha nsomba chimameza kale popanda vuto lililonse, koma kudya chule nthawi zambiri kumatenga maola ambiri, chifukwa sizotheka nthawi zonse kuigwira pamutu. Monga njoka zina, imadziwa kutambasula pakhosi pake, koma chule wowongoka safulumira kulowa m'mimba ndipo nthawi zina amatuluka mkamwa kukadya. Koma wakuphayo sanakonzekere kumasula wovutikayo ndikumugwiranso kuti apitirize kudya.
Pambuyo pa chakudya chamadzulo, samadya kwa masiku osachepera asanu, ndipo ngati kuli kotheka - miyezi ingapo.
Ndizosangalatsa! Pali nkhani yodziwika pomwe kumenyedwa mokakamiza kumatha miyezi 10. Anayesedwa ndi katswiri wazachilengedwe waku Germany yemwe sanadye nkhaniyi kuyambira Juni mpaka Epulo. Kudya koyambirira kwa njokayo pambuyo pa njala idadutsa popanda kupindika pamimba.
Njoka yobereketsa
Kutha msinkhu kumachitika zaka 3-4. Nyengo yokwatirana imatenga kuyambira Epulo mpaka Meyi, mazira amaikidwa mu Julayi-Ogasiti... Nthawi zamasewera okwatirana m'magawo osiyanasiyana sizingafanane, koma zimayamba kumapeto kwa nyengo yoyamba (nthawi zambiri imasintha khungu lake pogwira ndi kugaya nyama yoyamba). Milandu yakukhwima yophukira yalembedwa, ndiye kuti mkazi amayikira mazira nthawi yachisanu.
Kugonana kumayambitsidwa ndi vuto la njoka zingapo (zazimuna ndi zazimuna zambiri) kukhala "mpira wokwatirana", zomwe zotsatira zake ndi kuyikira mazira achikopa pamtengo kuchokera ochepa mpaka 100 (kapena kupitilira apo).
Ndizosangalatsa!Ngati palibe malo obisika okwanira okhala ndi anthu, akazi amapanga kusungira pamodzi kwa mazira. Owona ndi maso anafotokoza momwe tsiku lina adapeza chowundira cha mazira 1200 m'nkhalango (pansi pa chitseko chakale).
Zomangamanga ziyenera kutetezedwa kuti zisaume ndi kuzizira, zomwe njokayo imayang'ana "chofungatira" chonyowa komanso chotentha, chomwe nthawi zambiri chimakhala mulu wa masamba owola, ntchintchi za moss kapena chitsa chowola.
Atayika mazira, mkazi samangoberekera anawo, kusiya izi kuti zithandizire tsogolo lawo. Pambuyo pa masabata 5-8, njoka zazing'ono zomwe zimakhala ndi masentimita 11 mpaka 15 zimabadwa, kuyambira nthawi yobadwa amakhala otanganidwa kupeza malo ozizira.
Sikuti njoka zonse zazing'ono zimatha kudzidyetsa mpaka nyengo yozizira, koma ngakhale ana anjala amakhala mpaka kutentha kwa masika, kupatula kuti amakula pang'ono pang'ono kuposa abale ndi abale awo odyetsedwa bwino.
Zomwe zili ndi njoka yanyumba wamba
Njoka zimalekerera ukapolo mosamalitsa, zimawongoleredwa mosavuta komanso sizowoneka bwino. Amafuna terrarium yopingasa (50 * 40 * 40 cm) ndi zida zotsatirazi:
- chingwe chotenthetsera / matenthedwe otenthetsera (+ 30 + 33 madigiri pakona yotentha);
- miyala, pepala kapena kokonati wa gawo lapansi;
- pogona pakona yotentha (kukhalabe chinyezi, imayikidwa mu cuvette ndi sphagnum);
- pogona pakona yozizira (youma);
- chidebe chamagetsi chokhala ndi madzi kuti njokayo isambire pamenepo, imatseka pakamapangidwe kazitsulo, sikuti imangothetsa ludzu lake;
- UV nyale masana.
Masiku otentha, zina siziyenera kuunikiridwa ndi terrarium... Kamodzi patsiku, amapopera madzi otentha kuti sphagnum nthawi zonse ikhale yonyowa. Zakudya zam'nyumba ya njokazo zimakhala ndi nsomba zazing'ono ndi achule: ndikofunikira kuti nyamayo iwonetse zamoyo, apo ayi chiweto chimakana kudya.
Ndizosangalatsa!Nthawi zina njoka zimazolowera zakudya zotayidwa. Amadyetsa omwe ali kale ngati 1-2 kamodzi pasabata, zokwawa zazikulu - ngakhale kangapo. Kamodzi pamwezi, zowonjezera mavitamini zimasakanizidwa mu chakudya, ndipo m'malo mwa madzi wamba, zowonjezera mavitamini zimaperekedwa. Madzi omwe amamwa mowa amasinthidwa tsiku lililonse.
Ngati mukufuna, njokayo imayikidwa mu hibernation, yomwe, ndikumayambiriro kwa nthawi yophukira, nthawi yowunikira / kutentha imachepetsedwa kuyambira maola 12 mpaka 4. Mukamaliza kutentha kwa terrarium mpaka madigiri 10 + 12 ndikusiya kuyatsa, njokayo imatha kubisala (mpaka miyezi iwiri). Maloto omwe mumatsanzira amakhala ndi phindu pathupi lanyama lopuma.
