Pakati pa mbalame zambiri zanyimbo, mbalame yochepa komanso yosadziwika imatha kusiyanitsidwa. Ndi mawu ake omwe amatikumbutsa za chilimwe m'mudzimo, mkaka watsopano, bango, komwe timakonda kubisala ndi anzathu. Liwu la wankhonya ndi liwu la ubwana wathu wamdima.
Slavka ndi ya suborder ya passerine mbalame m'mabanja ambiri osiyanasiyana a zankhondo. Banja ili linali ndi zida zofiira, zong'ambika, mbalame zotsekemera ndi mbalame zina.
Heroine wathu mwina ndi chitsanzo chodziwika kwambiri, ndichifukwa chake adamupatsa dzina "banja" lonse. Mbalameyi ili ndi dzina lachilatini "sylvia", lotanthauza "nkhalango". Ndikufuna kuganiza kuti amatchedwa "whorl" chifukwa amayimba mokweza.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Maonekedwe ake, mbalamezi ndizochepa, zokhala ndi matupi otambasula, mulomo wowonda wokulirapo kuposa mutu, miyendo yayifupi ndi mapiko apakatikati okhala ndi mapiko ozungulira. Mchira wa oimira osiyanasiyana umasiyana kutalika ndi mawonekedwe. Kawirikawiri imakhala yowongoka, koma imaponderezedwa, kapena ndi m'mbali mwake, imapezekanso pang'ono.
Nthenga ndi zofewa, zopepuka. Mtunduwo umapangidwa ndi mitundu yofewa yosalala-imvi, yomwe imawaphimba mwachilengedwe. Amadziwa kuyendetsa bwino kwambiri m'nkhalango zowirira. Makhalidwe awo ndi odekha, ndipo chikhalidwe chawo chimagwira ntchito.
Slavka pachithunzichi mbalame wamba, makamaka ngakhale yopanda tanthauzo. N'zosavuta kuzisokoneza ndi mbalame iliyonse yakhungu. Koma akangomveka koyamba - ndipo mumvetsetsa kuti cholengedwa ichi sikungolira, koma kuyimba. Kuchita kwa nyimboyi ndi njira yosiyanitsira mbalame zonse.
Otsutsa ambiri ndi oimba kwambiri, komanso palinso akatswiri oimba. Kuyimba warbler - "mawu omenyera nkhondo" osangalatsa, amakhala ndi phokoso lakumayamwa komwe kumapangidwa ndimphamvu zopanda pake komanso mavesi akulu pafupifupi osasokonezedwa. Kawirikawiri imakhala ndi mawu ofewa, velvety.
Nyimboyi imangokhala yopitilira, ngakhale nthawi zina imatha kukhala ndi ziganizo zochepa chabe. Izi zimachitika munthawi yochepa yochita zisudzo. Amayimba kwambiri m'mawa ndi madzulo. Ngakhale mutha kuwamva masana. "Nthawi ya konsati" imayamba nthawi yomweyo pobwerera kuchokera kumwera ndikupitilira mpaka Ogasiti.
Mitundu
Mtundu wa Slavkov waphatikiza mitundu 26. Ena mwa iwo amakhala ku Russian Federation:
1. Wankhondo wam'munda (currant). Nthenga nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosasunthika, zofiirira ndi utoto wotuwa, pali pachimake pathupi pa azitona kumbuyo, miyendo ndi yakuda. Mbali yakumunsi ya thupi ndi nthenga pansi pa mchira ndi zotuwa zoyera. Mchira wosalala komanso wowongoka ulinso ndi mtundu wolimba, mthunzi wa khofi ndi mkaka.
Mbalameyi ndi yolemera kwambiri, pafupifupi 16-20 g, ndi kukula kwake pafupifupi masentimita 14.5. Ili ndi mutu waung'ono woyera bwino wa mtundu wachikopa ndi kamvekedwe ka imvi. "Atsikana" ndi opepuka pang'ono kuposa "anyamata", koma sungadziwe nthawi yomweyo kuti ndinu osiyana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Mbalame zazing'ono zili ndi nthenga zonyezimira.
Zitha kuwonedwa m'nkhalango zowirira komanso zowuma m'maiko ambiri ku Eurasia. Amakonda minda yazipatso, makamaka yomwe idakula kwambiri. Mbalameyi nthawi zambiri imasankhidwa kuti inyamuke. Ndiwosankha, amasintha mopanda chisoni ndipo posakhalitsa amakupatsani moni ndi nyimbo. Kuwayimba kumawerengedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwabwino kwambiri. Ntchentche zopita ku Africa nthawi yachisanu.
Mverani nyimbo yoyimba yanyimbo
2. Grey warbler (wolankhula). Nthengazo ndi zofiirira mopyapyala ndi imvi, mutu wake umakongoletsedwa ndi nthenga za phulusa. Zimakhala zovuta kuziwona pakati pa nkhalango. Amuna ali ndi khosi loyera, ndipo nthenga zoyera zimawoneka pamapiko m'malo ena. Mimba ndi thorax ndizoyera, ndikuwala kofiira kosazindikirika. Mapewa ofota ndi dzimbiri.
Atsikana ali ndi mimba ndi chifuwa ngati phula louma, mutu wake ndi bulauni yakuda. Mbalameyi ndi yaing'ono, mpaka 14 cm m'litali. Amapezeka m'chigawo cha Europe cha kontinentiyo, ku Western Siberia, ku Asia Minor, komanso ku Israel komanso kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Africa. Mbalame zosamuka zimakhala m'nyengo yozizira ku Africa. Ankamutcha dzina "wolankhula" chifukwa cha "kuyankhula" kwachilendo komwe amafalitsa akamayimba.
3. Wamng'ono Whitethroat (wakupha). Ali ndi mawonekedwe a "warbler" omanga ndi mtundu wabwinobwino, pafupi kwambiri ndi imvi. Zimasiyana ndi zomalizazi pakalibe nthenga zofiira pamapewa. Kukula kwake kwa thupi kumakhala pafupifupi masentimita 11.5-13.5 ndikulemera kwa magalamu 12-16. Mtundu waukulu wa nthenga ndi bulauni. Mutu wake ndi wa mbewa, pafupi ndi "masaya "wo wakuda, pakhosi ndi wamkaka.
Mbali yapadera ndi mzera wakuda bulauni kuchokera pamlomo kupita m'maso, pang'onopang'ono kukulira kumtunda. Pali malire a ginger m'mbali mwa mapiko. Mwa akazi, utoto umazimiririka, malankhulidwe oyera amayenda. Amakonda kusambira m'nkhalango, pafupi ndi m'mphepete mwa nkhalango ndi tchire zamitundumitundu.
Imayenda mwachangu, mwachangu, nthawi zina imatha kukhala nthawi yayitali pamalo amodzi, ngati kuti imadzilola kuyesedwa. M'mayiko onse aku Europe, koma anthu ndi ochepa. Mwa njira, "Accentor" - chifukwa amakonda kutengera mbalame zina, zomwe zimasocheretsa ena. Ndipo adamupatsa dzina loti "miller" chifukwa cha kakhwawa kakang'ono, kofanana ndi kumveka kwa gudumu loyenda mozungulira.
4. Slavka-chernogolovka ali ndi kakang'ono kakang'ono, mpaka 15 cm, ndipo amalemera pafupifupi 15-22 g. Msana ndi mchira wowongoka ndi bulauni ndi imvi, pansi pake ndi imvi ya siliva. Mbali yapadera ndi yarmulke yakuda pamutu pa "amuna", mwa akazi ndi nyama zazing'ono kapu iyi ndi yofiira kapena lalanje.
Kawirikawiri mbalameyi imabisala m'nkhalango zowirira pafupi ndi madzi, m'minda yodzala kapena m'mphepete mwa nkhalango. M'modzi mwa oyimba aluso kwambiri komanso okongola, mwina amafanana ndi nyimbo ya a nightingale. Mawu a Warbler- mutu wakuda ndi wofanana ndi mawu a warbler wam'munda, pokhapokha pakamveka pamakhala mitundu ina. Amapezeka kulikonse ku Europe, kupatula ku Arctic, amabweranso ku Western Siberia.
5. Kudera la Caucasus ndi Central Asia mutha kuwona wankhondo... Ali ndi mchira wozungulira pang'ono ndi "kapu" yakuda yomwe imaphimba masaya ake pang'ono. Pamwamba pake pamakhala slate-imvi, pansi pake ndi vinyo wapinki. Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu ndi "masharubu" oyera, choncho mikwingwirima ili pakamwa pa nthenga.
6. Wowombera Hawk dzina lake limafanana ndi mphamba. Mwa njira, nthawi zambiri amawopseza mbalame zazing'ono ndi mawonekedwe ake. Kunja, mbalameyi ndi yayikulu kuposa achibale ambiri, kutalika kwake kumafikira 18-19 cm, kulemera - mpaka 35 g. Kumbuyo kwake ndi azitona wonyezimira wokhala ndi utoto wa satini, kumbuyo kwake mutuwo umakhala wonyezimira wakuda.
Nthenga zomwe zili pamwamba pa mchira zimakhala ndi mitundu yosakanikirana - yakuda pakati ndi yoyera m'mphepete, zomwe zimawapangitsa kuti aziwoneka ngati mamba. Mimba ndi chifuwa ndizopepuka ndimatope amdima, komanso mawonekedwe owonekera. Kuphatikiza apo, ali ndi kuwala kowala kwachikaso, kukhudza kwina kwa chithunzi cha mbalame yodya nyama. Pansi, ndiwovuta, koma amangokhala pakati pamitengo ndi tchire. M'mayiko onse aku Europe, kupatula Great Britain, amakhalanso ku Central ndi Western Asia. Kwa nthawi yozizira, amapita ku East Africa.
7. Wankhondo... Thupi lakumtunda limakhala lofiirira mopyapyala, ndi chipewa chakuda kumbuyo kwa mutu. Maso ndi owoneka achikaso. Mapikowo ali ndi zoyera zoyera ndi mikwingwirima. Mimba ya mbalameyi ndi yoyera, yoyera pang'ono pafupi ndi mbali, miyendo ndi yofiirira. Mwa "atsikana" nthenga pamutu zimakhala ndi utoto wonyezimira, koma nthenga zazikuluzikulu ndizosakhazikika komanso zopepuka kuposa "anyamata".
Mbalame zazing'ono ndizofanana kwambiri ndi zazikazi, kokha mu nthenga mumakhala kofiira pang'ono, ndi mapiko okhala ndi kuwala kowala. Mbalameyi imalemera pafupifupi magalamu 25. Imalungamitsiratu dzina lake, chifukwa imayimba mokopa komanso mosangalatsa. Phokosolo likufanana ndi nyimbo yanyamanyamu yam'munda. Amasankha mitengo pamwamba, amakonda ma conifers. Amakhala kumwera kwa Europe.
8. Wophulika m'chipululu... Mwina Whitethroat wocheperako yemwe amakhala ku Russia, kukula kwa masentimita 11-12.5. Kumbuyo kwake kuli chikasu chofiyira komanso mthunzi wa imvi, pamimba pamayera ndi chikasu pambali. Miyendo ndi yofiirira wachikaso. Mchirawo ndi wa bulauni ndi mizere yoyera m'mbali mwake. Ndinasankha madera ouma a Asia ndi kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Africa kuti ndikhalemo. Amakhala zitsamba, m'chipululu amakhala ma saxuls. Nyimboyi ikulira, pang'ono pang'ono.
Zachidziwikire, mbalame zotchedwa warbler mbalame zomwe zimaimiridwa kwambiri zili kumtunda kwathu. Komabe, kungakhale kupanda chilungamo kukhala chete za mbalame zawo zomwe zimakhala kumayiko ena.
- Zankhondo zaku America kapena mitengo ya arboreal. Amakhala kudera lamapiri ataliatali a nkhalango zotentha za kumpoto kwa America mpaka nkhalango zotentha za ku Central ndi South America. Wankhonya waku America wankhalwe amakhala ku Canada. Mbalame zonsezi zimawerengedwa kuti ndi mbalame za nyimbo zakutchire, pali mitundu pafupifupi 113 ya banjali. Ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi zida zathu zankhondo, pakuimba komanso mawonekedwe.
- Ziwombankhanga zaku Africa Ndi banja lanyumba zaposachedwa kwambiri. Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti sali mgulu la banja la Warbler, kupatukana kwawo ndi banja kunachitika kalekale. Pali mibadwo isanu ndi umodzi yokhala ndi mitundu 18, yonse yopanga zisa ku Africa:
- bulbul warbler, amakhala m'nkhalango zamvula ndi nkhalango;
- variegated, amakonda zigwa zowuma ndi zitsamba;
- sylvietta, mumakhala m'nkhalango zamatchire ndi tchire louma, chinthu chosangalatsa - chisa chimamangidwa ngati thumba lakuya;
- White-tailed Whitethroats of Damar, anasankha malo ouma amiyala ndi msipu;
- Mbalame zazikuluzikulu zazikuluzikulu zimakondanso malo amiyala;
- Cape Big-tailed Whitethroats amagawana dera limodzi ndi Big-tailed Baleen.
Onse amakhala pansi, kupatula sylvietta yamiyala yayikulu yamiyendo yayikulu. Amasamukira ku West Africa komwe kumakhala nyengo yamvula. Kukula kwawo kumasiyana masentimita 8 (kulemera 6.5 g) mu sylvietta, mpaka 19-23 cm (kulemera 29-40 g) mumichira yayikulu.
- Australia Warbler kapena Molure. Mtundu wofiirira wamutu wofiira ndi utoto wokongola wojambulidwa mwina ndi abale odziwika kwambiri ku warbler ku Australia. Izi ndi mbalame zodutsa zomwe zimakhala ku Australia kokha. Kawirikawiri amakopeka, choncho, amaphunzira mopepuka. Chotupa chachimuna chokongola chimakhala ndi kapu yabuluu yowala kumbuyo kwa mutu, ndipo pakhosi palinso mtundu wabuluu. Makamaka buluu limawoneka panthawi yamakono. Amuna ndi akazi osakwatiwa amakhala amtundu wakuda.
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Mbalamezi zimakhala pafupifupi padziko lonse lapansi, kupatula madera akumadzulo. Slavki amakhala kulikonse komwe kuli mitengo yambiri, nkhalango zamithunzi ndi nkhalango. Ena mwa iwo mofunitsitsa amakhala m'mapaki ndi minda yosiyidwa.
Moyo wa Warbler suli pafupi, umabisika kuti usayang'ane ndi zomera zowirira. Pamalo otseguka kapena pansi, simumawawona kawirikawiri. Agile komanso ochita bizinesi, osatopa komanso osangalala, amayenda mwamphamvu modutsa m'nkhalango zowindikana. "Chisokonezo" ichi chobiriwira chimazigwiritsa ntchito ngati nyumba, chipinda chodyera, komanso "nazale".
Mbalamezi zimagwira ntchito masana, nthawi zambiri zimapuma usiku. Iwo samangokhala m'magulu, amangokhala paulendo wautali. Makamaka amakhala awiriawiri kapena amodzi. Nthawi zambiri amuna amayimba, koma nthawi zina akazi nawonso amadabwitsidwa ndi kuyimba. Ndi iwo omwe amatsanzira mwaluso.
Mbalame yotchedwa Warbler molts kawiri pachaka, koyambirira kwa Marichi komanso kumapeto kwa Okutobala. Ngati mbalameyi imasamuka, imayamba kusanabwere nyengo yozizira komanso ikamawulukira chakumwera. Pambuyo pa kusungunuka, nthenga zimakhala zowala.
Ziwombankhanga zonse zomwe zimakhala mdera lotentha komanso kumpoto ndizosamuka. Ambiri mwa iwo amawoneka kuyambira nyengo yozizira mu Epulo kuti ayambe kupanga mazira ndikulera ana.
Mbalame yotchedwa warbler m'nyumba mwanu imatha kubweretsa chisangalalo chochuluka, imazika msanga. Poyamba, mutha kuyiphimba ndi chinthu china kuti musachite mantha, kenako chimasintha ndikuyamba kuyimba. Ndikofunika kusankha khola lamakona anayi kapena kuyiyika mu aviary.
Komabe, ndibwino kumulekanitsa ndi mbalame zina, ndiwodzichepetsa ndipo atha kumenyedwa. Khola limafuna malo okhala, omwera, osambira ndi odyetsa. Ngati muli ndi khola lotseguka, onjezerani zomera zomwe woimba nyimbo amatha kupanga chisa pakapita nthawi.
Kudyetsa - tizilombo, mazira a nyerere, nsikidzi, tizilombo ta chakudya. Ndiponso zipatso zazing'ono. Mutha kuwonjezera chisakanizo chabwino cha tirigu. Sungani kutentha kosachepera 18 ºC, mbalame zimakonda kutentha ndipo zimawopa kusanja.
Zakudya zabwino
Chakudya chawo ndi tizilombo, mphutsi zawo, zipatso, mbewu zazing'ono. Koyamba, zakudyazo ndizochepa, koma zobisika kumbuyo kwake ndizochitika zenizeni zachilengedwe. Palibe chilichonse chomenyera nkhondoyi chomwe chimabweretsa mavuto kwa anthu, sangathe kuwononga zipatsozo kapena kubalalitsa minda. Ndipo maubwino ake ndiofunikira, ngakhale pakuwona koyamba zimawoneka ngati zosavomerezeka.
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndizilombo zazikulu m'munda ndi m'nkhalango. Ziwombankhanga, kafadala, nsikidzi, ntchentche, mbozi, udzudzu, ntchentche, agulugufe - chilichonse amadya chiyani yaying'ono zankhondoamaonedwa kuti ndi ovulaza nkhalango ndi minda. M'chilimwe chonse oimba athu amayesetsa "kuyeretsa" mitengo ndi tchire. Ndipo pafupi ndi nthawi yophukira, mbalame zimakonda kubzala zakudya.
Zipatso zam'madzi za phulusa lamapiri, rasipiberi, mabulosi abulu, elderberry, mbalame yamatcheri, honeysuckle, mabulosi abulu ndi mabulosi akutchire. Mbalamezi zimagawananso mbewu, chifukwa mafupa m'mimba mwawo sapukusika. Kufalikira kwa mbewu ndi mbalame kumatchedwa ornitochoria. Zikuwoneka kuti ngwazi zazing'onozi sizimangokhala zodutsa, komanso othandizira kwambiri achilengedwe. Mosavuta komanso mwachilengedwe, ndi nyimbo yoseketsa, amachita ntchito yayikulu komanso yofunikira nthawi yotentha.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Nthawi yokadyera nthawi zambiri imayamba mutabwerako nthawi yachisanu ndikugwa koyambirira kwa Epulo. Chiyambi cha nyengo yofunika kwambiri chimadziwika ndi kuyimba kwamwamuna, yemwe amayimbira bwenzi lake pamwambowu. Kenako akupitiliza kuyimba, koma ndi zolinga zosiyanasiyana, kutanthauza kuti malowo atengedwa. Ziwombankhanga ziwiri zimakhala limodzi nthawi yayitali.
Ndi okwatirana mokhulupirika komanso makolo osamala. Chisa cha Warbler Zikuwoneka ngati mbale, ndipo mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbalame ndiyofunikira pomanga nyumbayi ndi maluso osiyanasiyana. Mitundu ina, amalukidwa mwaluso, nthawi zina amakhala ngati vase kapena mpira, pomwe mwa ena amakhala osasamala mwadala, otayirira, amafanana ndi nsanja yomwe ikuphwanyika.
Zomangira - udzu wouma, nthambi, moss. Mazira ndi ofiira otuwa, obiriwira, obiriwira, ofiira, amtundu wakuda kapena wakuda ndi madontho, kukula kwake 1.5 * 1 cm, mumitundu ikuluikulu 2 * 1.5 masentimita. pasanathe milungu iwiri.
Warbler mwana wankhuku amabadwa onse ali ndi kankhuni kofatsa. Makolowo amadyetsa mbalame ziwirizi kwa milungu ingapo mpaka anawo atuluka pachisa. Koma amapitilizabe kuwadyetsa kwakanthawi, pafupifupi sabata.
Asilavo samatha kuchotsa anapiye onse pa clutch yoyamba, ndi amanyazi kwambiri ndipo amatha kusiya anapiyewo ngati asokonezeka. Chifukwa chake, nthawi zambiri amayesanso mu Julayi. Pakhala pali zochitika pomwe, chifukwa cha chiwonongeko chifukwa cha zolakwa za alendo osayitanidwa, chisa chachiwiri chimawononganso.
Kenako mbalame youma ija imapanga gulu lachitatu. Nyengo imakhala mpaka kumapeto kwa Julayi. Kutalika kwa moyo wawo m'chilengedwe pafupifupi zaka 7. Kunyumba, ali ndi malingaliro abwino, amatha kukhala ndi moyo wopitilira -10, kapena ngakhale zaka 12.
Zosangalatsa
- Pakati pa zouluka, pali mbalame zomwe zimatha kusoka. Ndiotelala. Mbalamezi zimasoka masamba akamanga zisa zawo. Zingwezo zimakokedwa kuchokera kuma kangaude, chomera kapena ulusi wa thonje. Amaboola masambawo ndi mlomo wakuthwa ndikuyika ulusi pamenepo. Mwanjira imeneyi, amalumikiza masambawo mbali zonse ziwiri, kusoka wina ndi mnzake. Likukhalira chikwama, amene amakhala chisa waluso mbalame. Chodabwitsa kwambiri ndichakuti wamwamuna amachita ntchitoyi.
- Slavki ndi mbalame zosatopa kwambiri. Zimauluka m'nyengo yozizira, zimatha kuuluka makilomita mazana ambiri osapumira. Chifukwa chake, amakonzekereratu paulendowu, ndikupeza minofu ndi mafuta mosungira pasadakhale.
- Slavki ndi achibale apamtima pa mbalame zonyoza, chifukwa chake amakonda "kutengera" kuimba kwa mbalame zina, monga phwiti, nightingale, mbalame zoyimba ndi mbalame yakuda. Muli ndi mbalame imodzi kunyumba, ndipo mumapeza "zida zoyimbira" zonse.
- Ziwombankhanga zachimuna zimangotsala pang'ono kuyimba zitayala mazira. Mwachiwonekere, amachita khama kwambiri kuti akope mnzake.
