Ndikosavuta kulingalira nkhuku. Uyu ndi m'modzi mwamabwenzi akale kwambiri amunthu. Zadziwika kuti zidapangidwa zoweta kuyambira 3500 BC. ku Southeast Asia. Komabe, malinga ndi kafukufuku wina wa DNA, izi zidachitika kale kwambiri, 6000 - 8000 BC. ku China. Ankajambulidwa pazithunzi zakale ku Egypt wakale komanso m'mipukutu yakale yaku China.
Nkhuku yosavuta yomwe imayikira mazira wamba, okoma kwambiri, ndipo samayerekezera kuti ndiopadera. Ndizodzikweza, koma zofunikira. Komabe, pakati pa mbalamezi pali mitundu yodabwitsa kwambiri yomwe imawoneka yachilendo komanso kuthekera kosowa - nkhuku za mtunduwo Araucan.
Mbalamezi zimayika mazira omwe safunikiranso kujambula pa Isitala. Zili bwino kwambiri - zamtambo komanso zobiriwira, ngati ngale zazikulu zazikulu - kuti ndizodzikongoletsa zokha.
Kusiyana kwachiwiri pakati pa nkhukuzi ndikuti zilibe mchira, ndipo zikachitika, zimayesera kuzichotsa. Ichi ndi chizindikiro chawo. Ndipo gawo lawo lachitatu ndi mavuvu achichepere, timitengo ta nthenga tomwe timatuluka m'khutu.
Mitundu ya nkhuku ya Araucana ochokera ku North America. Kapena, kuchokera ku Chile. Kamodzi, pafupifupi zaka 500 zapitazo, adasinthidwa ndi Amwenye aluso ochokera ku fuko la Araucan. Anasankha nkhuku zomwe zinanyamula mazira amtundu wabuluu wachilendo, ndi nkhuku zomwe zimawonetsa bwino pankhondo chifukwa mchira wawo sunkawasokoneza. Ziyeneretso zazitali zidapereka zotsatira zabwino kwambiri.
Mbalameyi idatchulidwa ndi fuko la "obereketsa" opanga. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti mutatha kuwoloka ndi mitundu ina, mawonekedwe apadera ngati chipolopolo cha buluu amatha kutha kale m'badwo woyamba. Komabe, magwiridwe antchito adawonedwa ndikadutsa ndi Russia.
Mazirawo anali oyera buluu. Ngati nkhuku yachitatu inali itayikira mazira abulauni, mtanda wowoloka mitundu yotere unkapereka mtundu wa azitona wabwino. Koma mbewu ya mazira amenewo sinalinso Araucan. Deta yoyamba ya nkhukuzi inayamba mu 1526, pamene a Spanish ndi Portuguese anafika ku America.
Adafotokozedwa mwachidwi ndi wamkulu waku Spain komanso wazachilengedwe Cabot. Zikuwonekeratu kuti nkhukuzi zidaswedwa ndi mbadwa kale, koma ndani adadziwa za izi? Ankagwiritsa ntchito mazira osati chakudya chokha, komanso pochita miyambo yamatsenga. Ndipo mu 1888, anthu angapo anafika kumtunda kwathu, akuchoka kwawo. Komabe, sanapeze kutchuka konse nthawi imodzi.
Mu 1919, adapezedwanso ku Chile ndi Pulofesa Costello, yemwe adawapatsa mwayi watsopano wodziwika. Umu ndi momwe zinayambira "gulu lachigonjetso" la nkhuku zokongoletsa padziko lonse lapansi. Zikhulupiriro zinapangidwa nthawi yomweyo za mazira awo kuti ali ndi machiritso odabwitsa. Pambuyo pake zidapezeka kuti sizili zosiyana ndi mazira amitundu ina.
Mu 1926 adaperekedwa ku World Scientific Association of Poultry Breeders ku The Hague. Adabweretsedwa muyezo waku Europe (Wachijeremani) mu 1965. Miyezo ingapo tsopano ikugwira mbalameyi.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Zinthu zofunika kwambiri pamtunduwu ndi mtundu wa chipolopolo komanso kusapezeka kwa mchira. Komanso wokongola "ndevu ndi masharubu" okongoletsa nthenga. Ponena za kusapezeka kwathunthu kwa mchira - izi ndi zomwe mitundu ya nkhuku zaku Germany zimasiyana. Angelezi ndi aku America ali ndi mchira wawung'ono.
Araucana mazira zachilendo kwambiri. Amakhulupirira kuti Aborigine adayesa kuwoloka nkhuku ndi pheasant kuti apeze utoto wapadera. Komabe, kafukufuku wamakono wasonyeza kuti izi siziri choncho. Mtundu wa mazira umapezeka chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa biliverdin m'mitsinje ya oviparous ya mbalame yachikazi.
Mtundu wobiriwira wa ndulu uwu ndi wapakatikati pakuwonongeka kwa hemoglobin. Mazirawo ndi obiliwira buluu, kukula kwake kumafanana kofanana ndi nkhuku wamba, kulemera kwake ndi 57-58 g. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti nkhukuyi, ngakhale inali yokongoletsa, ndi nkhuku yabwino yoika. Mumadzipezera nokha osati wokongola, komanso mbalame yopindulitsa.
Araucana pachithunzichi wokongola kwambiri. Si zazikulu kwambiri, koma zimamangidwa bwino. Nthenga zimawoneka ngati kapeti yolimba. Mtundu wawo ndiwosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza mitundu yosangalatsa yophatikizika. Pali mitundu yakuda, yagolide, yakuda ndi yofiira, tirigu, nthenga zamtambo, komanso kuphatikiza kwawo kosiyanasiyana.
Maonekedwe a nkhuku amafotokozedwa bwino ndi miyezo yovomerezeka. Mutu ndi waung'ono, wokhala ndi khosi lalifupi, lomwe limadutsa molunjika kumbuyo, kuchokera kutsogolo kupita pachifuwa chachikulu, chosasunthika. Maso ake ndi ozungulira, ofiira lalanje. Mlomo ndi waung'ono, wopindidwa pang'ono kutsika. Scallop ndi yaying'ono, yofanana ndi nyemba ya mbewu ya nyemba.
Mphete ndi makutu ndi ofiira, komanso awukhondo kwambiri. Nthenga zomwe zimayikidwa m'mbali zammbali zimatchulidwa. Thupi limadzaza, lophatikizana. Mapikowo siataliitali, amamatira mwamphamvu thupi. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala palibe mchira, izi zimayambitsidwa chifukwa cha kusapezeka kwa ma vertebrae amchira, mkhalidwe waukulu womwe umafalikira kuchokera ku mibadwomibadwo.
Miyendo siyitali, yabuluu. Pali zala 4 kumapazi. Nkhukuzi ndizapakatikati. Nkhuku yayikulu imalemera 1.5-1.7 kg, tambala - 1.8-2.0 kg. Mazira amayamba kuyala msanga, kufika msinkhu msanga. Mbalame imodzi imatha kuikira mazira 160-180 pachaka. Mu dzira tsiku lililonse.
Mitundu
Kutengera mtundu wa cholembera nkhuku araucan agawidwa m'magulu ang'onoang'ono angapo. Poyamba, mitundu isanu yoyambira idakhazikitsidwa ndikukhazikika - golide, buluu, zoyera, zakuda komanso zakutchire. Koma kuphatikiza kwawo kudawonjezeredwa kwa iwo: wakuda ndi wofiyira, wabuluu wamtchire, mane wa golide wabuluu, tirigu wabuluu, tirigu, silidi wamankhwala, bordered bord, cuckoo (hawk).
Nthawi zonse, mbalame zonsezi zitha kugawidwa m'mitundu itatu - malinga ndi momwe amathandizira.
- Nkhuku zaku America ndi ameraucana. Nkhukuzi zimapezeka podutsa mtundu waukulu wa Araucana ndi nkhuku zina. Adasinthidwa mzaka za m'ma 70 zam'zaka zapitazi kuti achoke pamavuto omwe amakhudzana ndi kuswana nkhuku zopanda zingwe. Komanso mutenge mazira oyera. Mazira awa amafunidwa kwambiri.
- Ku England, adabweretsanso Araucan wa mchira, kuphatikiza apo, amakhalanso ndi mutu.
- Komabe, olondola kwambiri komanso achikale ndi mtundu womwe umatengera malinga ndi momwe amaweta aku Germany. Amazindikira mitundu yokha ya nkhuku yopanda mchira, komabe, pali zosankha pakati pawo: ndi timitengo ta nthenga m'mbali, ndi nthenga za ndevu ndi ndevu, opanda mapiko a nthenga, koma ndi ndevu ndi zotupa.
Palinso mtundu wamfupi, womwe udasinthidwa mu 1975 ku United States, ndipo mu 1984 udaphatikizidwa muyezo. Thupi lake limafanana ndi nkhuku yayikulu. Kukula sikuchepera kuposa kwawo. Kusiyanako ndiko kukula kwa mazira. Mitundu ya dzira m'mitundu yonseyi Araucan buluu, wobiriwira kapena wonyezimira ..
Palinso mitundu ina ya nkhuku yokongoletsa yomwe imakhala ndi mazira okongola. Mwachitsanzo, maolivi, ma egger a Isitala, mwendo wopepuka. Nthawi zambiri, mazira awo samakhuta kwambiri, koma pinki, abuluu, azitona pang'ono kapena poterera.
Ndipo ngati dzira lofiirira lagwa m'manja mwanu, uwu si mtanda, koma pafupifupi mtundu wofanana wa nkhuku monga Araucana, maran... Amakhalanso okongola, koma alibe mtundu wakale wakale wotere.
Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa mtunduwo
Mitundu ya nkhuku ya Araucana osati zokongola zokha, komanso zothandiza komanso zothandiza. Makhalidwe awo abwino angatchulidwe:
- Kudzichepetsa komanso kusintha mwachangu.
- Kusinthasintha kwa kutentha kulikonse.
- Nkhuku za ku Araucan khalani ndi nyonga komanso kupulumuka.
- Mkaziyo amakula msanga ndipo amayamba kuikira mazira.
- Mazira amaikidwa nthawi zambiri.
- Amatha kukongoletsa nyumba iliyonse ya nkhuku, chifukwa amaoneka bwino kwambiri.
- Ndipo ndi zokoma.
Koma palinso zoyipa:
- Choyambirira, pugnacity yamatambala. Khalidwe ili limatha kubweretsa zovuta zambiri kubzala.
- Akazi samaswa mazira. Sangodziwa bwanji, ataya chibadwa ichi. Ngati mukufuna kuswana, ganizirani za nkhuku iti yomwe mungayikemo. Kapena mutenge chofungatira.
- Pambuyo powoloka ndi mitundu ina ya Araucana, siyingathe kupirira kuyesedwa kwa mphamvu, kutaya msanga mawonekedwe ake, kuwonekera koyamba, kenako mtundu wa mazira.
- Uwu akadali mtundu wokongoletsa, chifukwa chake ndi wosowa komanso wotsika mtengo.
Kusamalira ndi kukonza
Musanasankhe mtunduwu pafamu yanu, muyenera kudziwa zovuta zina zomwe zimatsitsa mbalameyi:
- Yang'anani mazira poyamba. Ayenera kukhala amtundu wokhazikika wabuluu wobiriwira. Mtundu wina umawonetsa kusadetsedwa kwa mtunduwo.
- Alimi odziwa bwino amalangiza kuti ayambe kuswana Araucan ndi nkhuku, osati mazira.
- Munthu wopindika pang'ono, chisa chinagwa pa tambala - zonsezi ziyenera kukuchenjezani, china chake chalakwika ndi iwo.
- Maonekedwe akuyenera kukwaniritsa miyezo. Zizindikiro monga ndevu zotchulidwa, kusowa kwa mapiko, kapena nthenga mbali imodzi, mchira wotukuka - zonsezi zikuwonetsa "chidetso" cha mtunduwo.
- Nkhuku za mtunduwu ndizokhazikika, zamphamvu komanso zolimba. Sizitsutsana ndipo zimazolowera msanga zikhalidwe za anthu ena. Koma tambala araucan zokonda kwambiri. Samalola tambala ena oyandikana naye. Musaiwale kuti poyambirira idapangidwa ngati mtundu wankhondo. Choncho, musanayambitse nkhuku zoterezi, mudzalinso tambala wina kwakanthawi. Kapenanso apatseni malo osiyana nawo.
- Kuti mugule mtundu uwu, ndibwino kulumikizana ndi wogulitsa wodalirika.
- Onetsetsani kuti mukuyika zokongola zaposachedwa kuti zisadwalike ndi kachilombo komwe kagwira mwangozi.
- Onetsetsani kugula kwanu nthawi ndi tiziromboti. Ndibwino kupewa matendawa m'malo molimbana nawo pambuyo pake.
Bwalo loyenda liyenera kukhala lotetezedwa ku nyama ndi mbalame zina. Kuchokera pamwamba, mutha kuphimba ndi maukonde kapena kupanga denga. Adzakhalanso pogona ku dzuwa, ngati kuli kofunikira. Ndikofunikanso kupanga chisa potengera kukula kwa nkhuku. Chilichonse chimafuna osachepera 30-35 cm.
Pasapezeke nkhuku zoposa 5-6 mu chisa, iyi ndiye ndalama yabwino kwambiri kwa iwo. Zakudya zawo zimaganiziridwa m'deralo. Kutengera ndi nyengo, chakudya chobiriwira, zinyalala zam'munda ndi masamba, udzu wobiriwira, ufa wa paini ndi zowonjezera mavitamini zimayambitsidwa.
Amapatsidwa mbewu zonse, ufa wa vitamini, zowonjezera mavitamini ndi zipolopolo zazing'ono zosiyanasiyana, makamaka popera chakudya ndikupanga chipolopolo. Nthawi zina choko ndi phulusa lamatabwa amawonjezerapo kudyetsa laimu.
Zakudya zopangidwa kunyumba ndizovomerezeka. Mbatata yowotcha ndi yosweka, dzungu, ndi masamba odulidwa amatha kuwonjezeredwa ngati chakudya ndi ulusi. Ndikofunika nkhuku kuti zizidya mokwanira komanso zomanga thupi zokwanira. Moyenera, mutha kuwonjezera keke, nyemba, mavuvu apadziko lapansi ndi nsomba zophika pazakudya zawo.
Muyenera kuwadyetsa katatu patsiku ngati mukufuna kuti aziyenda bwino. Fukani mbewu m'mawa ndi madzulo, ndi kunyowetsa kusakaniza masana. Komabe, onetsetsani kuti ziweto zanu sizidya mopitirira muyeso, izi zingakhudze kupanga mazira.
Kumbukirani kuti ngati mupatsa nkhuku malo okwanira kuyenda, adzipezera zinthu zofunikira - tizilombo, nkhono, slugs, nyongolotsi. Ndiwotchi yabwino kwambiri. Ndi bwino kukonzekera mavalidwe amchere mu feeder ina.
Ndipo pang'ono popewa:
- Yesetsani kulola mbalame zakutchire kuzinyama zanu, zitha kukhala zonyamula matenda osiyanasiyana ndi majeremusi.
- Chitani mankhwala a anthelmintic kawiri pachaka.
- Sinthani zinyalala pafupipafupi kukhala zatsopano.
- Sambani odyetsa ndi omwera kamodzi patsiku, nthawi zonse perekani tizilombo ta nkhuku komanso akasinja.
- Musalole alendo mu zovala ndi nsapato mu khola la nkhuku. Angathenso kutenga matenda.
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo
Monga tanenera kale, nkhuku za ku Araucanian zatayikiratu. Chifukwa chake, pakubereka, iwe wekha udzakhala m'modzi mwa omwe akutenga nawo mbali. Pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti mukukhwima bwino, muyenera kudula nthenga za nkhuku mkati mwa utali wa masentimita 4-6 mozungulira maliseche.
Izi zimachitika ndi lumo wamba, nkhukuzo ndizofatsa komanso zimadalira, njirayi imaloledwa mosavuta. Ngati simuganizira chithandizo ichi, mazira onse amakhalabe opanda chonde. Pofuna kuti pakhale matambala, ena amadula tambala tambala. Koma sikophweka. Wopezerera anzawo angakulume mosavuta.
Dzira likayikidwa, umayambiranso. Nkhuku siyikhala pamazira, chifukwa chake muyenera kuyiyika mu chofungatira. Dzira loswedwa liyenera kusankhidwa mosamala kwambiri, mosamala kwambiri. Kumbukirani kuti mtundu wa mazira umasinthasintha kangapo munyengoyi. Poyamba imadzaza, kenako imatha.
Kutha kwa nyengo yozizira, kumawonekeranso. Musalole kuti izi zikuwopsyezeni. Mukakumana ndi dzira lamtundu wofanana, koma lokulirapo, pafupifupi 43-50 g, uyu ndiwowoneka ngati Araucana. Nkhuku za ku Araucan mpaka zaka zina sizimasiyana ndi nkhuku zina.
Khalidwe lawo, mawonekedwe ndi zokonda zawo ndizofanana kwambiri ndi mitundu yaying'ono yamapiko "yopanda ulemu". Ngakhale jenda siyingadziwike mpaka nthawi inayake. Pokhapokha, ali olimba pang'ono kuposa anthu ena.
Mphamvu zamoyo za nkhukuzi ndi zaka 3-5. Atha kukhala ndi mwiniwake wabwino kwa zaka 6. Kuti akusangalatseni ndi mikhalidwe yawo yodabwitsa kwanthawi yayitali, muyenera kuwapatsa chisamaliro chanzeru. Poyerekeza, zigawo zonse zimatha kukhala ndi moyo wautali, mwina chifukwa chokhala ndi chibadwa cha amayi. Pakhala pali zochitika zopulumuka kwazaka zopitilira 10.
Mtengo
Choyamba, sankhani woweta yemwe ali ndi mzere woyera kuti mugule. Ngakhale m'mizinda ikuluikulu sizivuta. Chifukwa amatha kuterera bwalo wamba kapena nkhuku ya "Isitala". Amatchulidwabe kuti ndi mitundu yaimfa ya mitundu yodziwika bwino komanso yodziwika bwino.
Mtengo wa mtundu wa Araucana ndiwosiyana, kutengera zaka. Anapiye a tsiku ndi tsiku amawononga ma ruble 250-350, amakula mpaka miyezi 2-3 - 500 rubles. Pullet chaka chimodzi - kuchokera ma ruble 1,500. Ngati mwaganiza zokatenga banja, tambala ndi nkhuku, mudzapeza ma ruble 2500. Mitengo ilipo mu Juni 2019.
Musanagule, werengani ndemanga za woweta, ndikuwunika zikalatazo. Ndipo osagula wekha, funsani wina kuti akuthandizeni. Makamaka ndi munthu yemwe ali kale ndi nkhuku zabwinozi. Kapenanso ndi munthu amene adakulangizani kuti muwagule.
