Mukamayenda kudera lamapiri kapena tawiga kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi, mutha kukumana ndi bakha wamtali kwambiri, wamfupi tsitsi... Thupi ndi mapiko amphongo amakhala okutidwa ndi nthenga zotuwa ndikusiyanitsa ndi mtundu wa mabokosi wamutu ndi khosi. Akazi sali owala kwambiri, zomwe sizosadabwitsa - amaswa ana, kotero simungathe kudzikopa.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Wank bakha amakula mpaka masentimita 45-50. Kulemera kwamwamuna kuyambira magalamu 600 mpaka 1100. Akazi amazipeputsa — kuchokera 500 g mpaka kilogalamu. Mapikowo amafikira masentimita 78-86. Maonekedwe a mbalameyi amatengera zinthu zingapo:
- pansi;
- zaka;
- nyengo.
M'ngululu ndi Juni wamwamuna wosuntha kusiyanitsa kosavuta ndi wamkazi. Mutu ndi khosi ndi mtundu wozama wa mabokosi wokhala ndi madontho akuda. Chotupacho chili ndi imvi. Dera lomwe lili pakati pamlomo ndi kumbuyo kwa mutu limadziwika ndi mzere wachikasu kapena woyera. Gawo lakumtunda la imvi, ndikutambasula mizere yakuda.
Nthawi yokolola, nthenga zamphongo zimakhala zosiyana kwambiri ndi nthenga za mkazi.
Nthenga za mchira wawufupi ndizimvi, koma ntchitoyo ndi mbali zake zimakhala inki. Mukakweza gulu la abakha pamapiko, ndiye wig pothawa idzatsegula mimba yoyera. Nthenga zoyera zimawoneka bwino paphewa lamapiko.
M'mphepete mwake mwa phiko lililonse pali malo obiriwira owala ofiira. Oyang'anira mbalame amazitcha galasi. Nsonga ya mulomo wabuluu imakongoletsedwa ndi mtundu wa inki "marigold". Atafika kumtunda, nkhandweyo imapalasa mwaluso ndi mapazi ake.
Nyengo ikakwerana, yaikazi ikaikira mazira, bwenzi lake limathamanga kuti likasungunuke kuti lisinthe kavalidwe kake ka "mwambo". Nthenga zamtundu kumbuyo kwake zimalowetsedwa ndi bulauni. Potsutsana ndi izi, mafunde abulawuni amawoneka. Koma pamapikowo, galasi lokongola ndi mikwingwirima yoyera imawonekabe.
Poyerekeza ndi mnzanu kugwedeza wamkazi amawoneka ochepera kwambiri, samadalira nyengo ndi masewera osakanikirana. Nthenga zambiri zimakhala zofiirira komanso zakuda. Galasi silimachititsanso chidwi - ndi lobiriwira.
Mimba yake ndi yoyera. Mlomo wa imvi, monga wamphongo, ndi wabuluu wokhala ndi nsonga yamakala. Makina achichepere amafanana kwambiri ndi akazi. Zowona kuti patsogolo panu simunthu wamkulu zitha kuyerekezedwa chifukwa cha mabala akuda pamimba ndi galasi lowala.
Kutengera ndi nyengo mawu a wigi ikusintha. Drake amatha kuzindikira ndi likhweru, lomwe kwa ambiri limafanana ndi kulira kwa chidole cha mphira. Pakati pa chibwenzi, drake amafuula kwambiri, phokoso limasakanikirana ndi mluzu. Mkazi ali ndi mawu apansi komanso owuma. Chifukwa chodziwika ndi "nyimbo" yake sviyaz adadziwika kuti anthu: fistula, sviyaga, whistler.
Mverani mawu a bakha wosuntha
Mverani mawu a mfiti yaku America
Mitundu
Sviyaz ndi mtundu womwe uli m'gulu la Anseriformes, banja la bakha, mtundu wa abakha amtsinje. Pali mitundu itatu ya mbalameyi:
- oyendetsa ndege;
- Wachimereka;
- zapamwamba.
Pachilumba cha Amsterdam m'nyanja ya Indian nthawi ina panali mbalame zopanda pake zaku Amsterdam. Komabe, mtundu uwu udawonongedwa kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 18.
Akuwuluka ku Eurasia opezeka ku Europe (Iceland, Scotland, kumpoto kwa England, Scandinavia, Finland). Mbalameyi imapezanso chisa chawo kumpoto kwa Kazakhstan. Komabe, ndizofala kwambiri ku Russia. Anthu ambiri amakonda kukhala kumpoto kwa dera la Leningrad.
Mbalameyi imamva bwino m'dera la Arkhangelsk. Ku Siberia, gulu la abakha limakhazikika kumpoto chakumpoto kwa taiga, ndipo amapezeka kumwera kwa Nyanja ya Baikal. Kamchatka ndi Chukotka ndi malo omwe amakhala. Chigawo chapakati m'chigawo cha Europe cha Russia sichimusangalatsa, chifukwa chake malo okhala ndi zisa amapezeka kawirikawiri pano.
Wigi waku America - mbalame yomwe imakhala ku New World. Ngakhale kuti magawowa ndi otakata, bakha ameneyu sapezeka kumpoto kwa Alaska ndi Canada. Sipezekanso kumpoto ndi South Dakota, Idaho, Minnesota, Colorado, Oregon, ndi Eastern Washington. Mitunduyi imafanana kwambiri ndi mawonekedwe ake achibale aku Eurasia.
Kuti muwone kusunthika kwapamwamba, muyenera kupita ku South America: Chile, Uruguay, zilumba za Falkland, Argentina - malo amtundu uwu. Mosiyana ndi mitundu ina iwiriyi, mutu wa nzika zaku South America ndi wobiriwira wokhala ndi chitsulo, wokhala ndi masaya oyera komanso pamphumi.
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Sviyazi samachita chilichonse payekhapayekha ndipo amakonda kuchita zonse pamodzi: kudyetsa, kusamukira kumwera ndi kumbuyo, chisa. Pokhala mbalame zam'madzi, abakhawa amasankha malo osungira madzi opanda madzi ofooka kapenanso madzi osayenda. Awa akhoza kukhala nyanja za taiga, mitsinje yamitsinje yabata, madambo.
Mfiti imapewa malo akuluakulu. Abwinobwino adzakhala dziwe, pafupi ndi pomwe pali nkhalango yosowa, ndipo banki yofatsa ili ndi udzu waminga. Komabe, nthawi yachisanu, gulu la bakha limakhalanso m'mphepete mwa nyanja, lotetezedwa ndi miyala ndi mphepo.
Ngakhale mfitiyo ndi mbalame zosamukasamuka, pali anthu ochepa omwe amakonda kwambiri zilumba za Britain ndipo sawasiya. Gulu la abakha amawulukira m'nyengo yozizira mu Seputembara. Njira zosamukira komanso komwe amapita kumapeto zimadalira malo opangira zisa. Umu ndi momwe gulu la Iceland limasamukira ku Ireland ndi Scotland, komwe sikungatchulidwe kuti kumwera malinga ndi miyezo ya anthu.
Anthu okhala ndi nthenga ku Siberia ndi Kazakhstan amalowera kugombe la Caspian ndi Black Sea, kapena kumwera kwa Europe kapena ku Iberia Peninsula. Kuyambira kummawa, mbalame zimauluka kupita ku Middle East kapena ngakhale ku Africa, nthawi zina zimafika ku Tanzania. Kubwerera kumalo osungira zisa kugwedezeka masika - chakumapeto kwa Epulo. Pakadali pano, awiriawiri apangidwa kale.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Maanja amapanga kugwa kapena nthawi yosamukira kunyumba masika. Sviyazi ndiwamuna m'modzi: atasankha mnzake, wamwamuna samasamalira mbalame zina. Atakwanitsa chaka chimodzi, abakha amafika pokhwima pogonana ndipo amatha kuchita masewera olowerera.
Drake amasungunula nthenga zake, kuwonetsa kukongola kwake konse, ndikuyamba kufotokoza mabwalo m'madzi kuti asangalatse mkazi yemwe amamukonda. Amakweza mutu ndikufuula mokweza, potero olimba mtima olimbana nawo. Zimachitika kuti drake wina wachichepere samapeza wokwatirana naye, ndiye amayesetsa kulimbana ndi wamkazi yemwe wagwiridwa kale. Ndiye nkhondo ingathe kuswa mwambo wamtendere.
Pambuyo pa masewera achikondi, mkazi amapitiliza kukonza chisa. Bakha amapeza malo obisika pafupi ndi madzi. Nthambi zopachikidwa za udzu, udzu wapamphepete mwa nyanja, mizu yamitengo imabisala kumaso osafunikira.
Sviyaz sangatchedwe womanga waluso kwambiri: "mchikuta" wamtsogolo ndi dzenje pansi lokhala ndi masentimita pafupifupi 5-8. Pansi pake pamadzaza ndi udzu ndi timitengo tating'ono. Pomwe chachikazi chimasamira mazira, pansi pake pamakhala nthenga za mayi.
Bakha amaikira mazira kumapeto kwa masika - koyambirira kwa chilimwe. Clutch, monga lamulo, ali ndi 6-10, osachepera 12, mazira a mtundu wosalala wa kirimu. Kamvekedwe kali ngakhale, kopanda mabala kapena mawanga. Mazirawo ndi masentimita 4-5 kutalika.
Posakhalitsa kuyambika, ma drakes amasiya abwenzi awo ndikuwuluka kupita ku molt. Munthawi imeneyi, amatha kupezeka kunyanja ku Western Siberia, ku Komi Republic (kumtunda kwa Pechora), kumunsi kwa Ob, Ural ndi Volga. Ku Europe, ma wiggles amasankha zigwa zakunyanja kuti zisungunuke
Pakatha masiku pafupifupi 25, anapiye akugwedezeka amaswa. Kwa maola 24 amakhala pachisa ndikuuma. Pambuyo pake, amatha kutsatira amayi awo kumadzi ndikusambira. Matupi a ankhandwe amakhala okuta kwambiri.
Kusintha pang'onopang'ono kwa nthenga kumatenga pafupifupi mwezi ndi theka. Izi zikangochitika, achichepere amayimirira pamapiko ndikuyamba kupeza chakudya chawo pawokha. Mwachilengedwe, mfiti imakhala zaka zitatu. Mu ukapolo, pomwe ngozi siyikuphatikizidwa, bakha amatha kukhala nthawi yayitali mpaka kanayi kapena kasanu.
Zakudya zabwino
Zakudya zomwe amakonda kudya ndimangodzala chakudya chokha. Inde, kudya udzu ndi mbewu, mbalamezi zimamezanso tizilombo, koma sizomwe zimakhalira pagome la mbalamezo. Menyu yayikulu ya bakha awa ndi udzu wokula m'madzi kapena m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Mitengo ndi zobiriwira zobiriwira zimadyedwa. Pang'ono ndi pang'ono, mfiti imakonda kudyetsa mbewu ndi mbewu.
Zina mwazomera zam'madzi ndi izi: duckweed, dongo, dziwe, elodea (mwina mliri wamadzi), vallisneria. Mwa mitundu ya m'mphepete mwa nyanja, sviyaz imadya ma umbelliferae, mutu wamutu, ndi udzu wopindika. M'nyengo yozizira, chifukwa chosamukira kumadera ena, zakudya zimasintha.
Mbalame zimadya zomwe zimapezeka munyanja: algae, komanso udzu wosatha wanyanja, zonyansa. M'zaka zina, unyinji wa ndere umachepetsedwa kwambiri chifukwa cha matenda. Kenako mfiti imadyetsa madzi abwino kapenanso kuwuluka kuti idye mbewu zambewu.
Ngakhale kuti mfiti ndi mbalame zam'madzi, simungathe kuzitcha zabwino. N'zosadabwitsa kuti mbalamezi zimatha kuwonedwa mosungira komweko ndi swans kapena abakha, chifukwa zimakweza chakudya chomwe sichimatha kuyenda pansi.
Kusaka Mfiti
Mu Red Book, kusamalira wviyazi kumatchedwa Least Consern (LC). Izi zikutanthauza kuti zamoyozi sizikuopsezedwa kuti zitha. Kuchuluka kwa mbalamezi ndi kochuluka. Ku Russia, kusaka mitundu isanu ndi umodzi ya bakha kumaloledwa:
- mfiti;
- mluzu wamaluwa;
- mphuno yayikulu;
- mallard;
- bakha wotuwa;
- zojambula.
Iwo amene analawa nyama ya wviyazi amazindikira kukoma kwake. Nyamayo ikadzulidwa ndi kuchotsa kwina konse, kulemera kwake kumakhala pafupifupi magalamu 470. Mfiti kusaka monga masewera ena aliwonse, akuyamba ndi kupeza layisensi. Kuti mupereke zikalata munthawi yake, muyenera kudziwa malingaliro ndi malamulo operekera chilolezo, omwe amakhazikitsidwa ndi oyang'anira zigawo.
Ndikofunikanso kudziwa nthawi yomwe kusaka kumaloledwa. Malinga ndi malamulowa, nyengo yosaka masika imayamba pa Marichi 1 ndipo imatha pa 16 Juni. Madeti a nthawi yachilimwe-nthawi yophukira amasiyana madera.
Masika, ma drake okha ndi omwe amaloledwa kumenyedwa. M'chilimwe ndi nthawi yophukira, mutha kuwombera abakha obisala, panjira kapena pa bwato (injini iyenera kuzimitsidwa). Kuyambira Ogasiti, agalu osaka amaloledwa.
Skradok ndichophimba chomwe chimapangitsa mlenje kuti asawoneke pamasewera. Amakonzedwa motere: kukhumudwa pansi kumakutidwa ndi timitengo, tomwe timadzazidwa ndi udzu ndi nthambi pamwamba. Phokoso laling'ono limapangidwa mu skradke. Nyumbayi nthawi zambiri imamangidwa pamtunda wamamita 2-5 kuchokera m'mphepete mwa madzi. Ngati kusaka kumachitika mchaka, amavala bwino, apo ayi mutha kuzizira.
Kuti yamphongo iulukire kumalo oyenera, akazi azitsulo a mphira 2-3 amatsitsidwa m'madzi. Kuti awadziwitse, mlenje amaimba mluzu kutsanzira mawu a bakha. Nyama zoyikidwazo zikuyenera kuwonekera bwino kuchokera mlengalenga. Ndizabwino ngati pali zilumba zazing'ono kapena malovu otseguka pafupi - mbalame zimakonda kupumulirako.
Sviyaz ndi nyama yosavuta nthawi yakumwa. Ngati m'malo mwa nthenga zina mbalame zimachitika pang'onopang'ono, bakha uyu amataya nthenga zonse mwakamodzi. Ndizovuta kuuluka mdziko lino, ndipo abakha amtunduwu amakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu.
Kutengera nyengo, kachigawo kakang'ono kamatengedwa ka wiggler. Izi ndichifukwa choti mbalameyo imanenepa pang'onopang'ono, imamanga nthenga zolimba ikatha kusungunuka, ndipo pofika nthawi yozizira imakhala yopanda mafuta.
Kuti musagwedeze mbalame zoletsedwa kuti zithe kudya, mutha kuwombera pokhapokha chandamale chikuwonekera. Ndibwino kuti muphunzire pasadakhale kusuntha pachithunzichikupewa kulakwitsa. Msaki wabwino sadzasiya nyama zovulala, apo ayi mbalame imavutika. Kusaka si chidwi chongosewera kapena chakudya, komanso udindo waukulu.
Zosangalatsa
Sviyaz ndi mbalame yochezeka. Pamadontho mungapezeko gulu lalikulu la abakha olankhula momveka bwino, okwana zikwi zingapo. Nkhandwe yaku America nthawi zina zimawulukira kuzilumba za Commander, komanso ku Chukotka. Amatha kukwatirana ndi a ku Eurasia.
Nthawi zina ma wiggles amagwidwa ndikusungidwa mndende. Ngati zinthu zonse zaperekedwa, bakha amaberekanso bwino. Kuphatikiza apo, monga tanenera kale, bakha amakhala ndikundende motalikirapo kuposa chilengedwe chake.
Komabe, pali anthu omwe amasunga mfitiyo kunyumba ngati chiweto. Ndi wamtendere ndipo mofunitsitsa amalola kusita ndikutsuka kubafa. Mu dikishonale ya Vladimir Dahl, mungapeze mayina ena a bakha uyu: mutu wofiira, wosalankhula, wamimba yoyera, mapiko a mluzu.
