Baikal ndi nyanja yamadzi opanda mchere yomwe imasunga 19% yamadzi am'nyanja Padziko Lonse Lapansi. Anthu amderali amalitcha nyanjayi chifukwa cha kukula kwake komanso chikhalidwe chake chovuta. Madzi oyera kwambiri, kuchuluka kwakukulu ndi kuya kwadzetsa mitundu yambiri ya ichthyofauna.
Pali mitundu yoposa 55 ya nsomba mumtsinje wa Baikal. Misa yayikulu imayimiriridwa ndi nsomba zomwe zimayambira ndikukula m'mitsinje ndi nyanja za Siberia, kuphatikiza Baikal. Palinso mitundu ya Baikal yokhayokha. Mitundu 4 yokha ndi yomwe idatuluka munyanjayi posachedwa: mzaka mazana awiri zapitazi.
Banja la Sturgeon
Baikal sturgeon, aka Siberian sturgeon, ndi mtundu wokhawo wamtundu wama stirgeon omwe amakhala ku Baikal. Nthawi zambiri imapezeka pakamwa pa mitsinje yolowera: Selenga, Turka ndi ena. M'magombe a Nyanja ya Baikal imadyetsa pamtunda wa mamita 30-60. Itha kupita pansi mpaka 150 m.
Amadyetsa mphutsi zamtundu uliwonse, nyongolotsi, ma crustaceans; ali ndi zaka, nsomba zazing'ono, makamaka ziphuphu zazikuluzikulu, zimakonda kupezeka pazakudya. Chaka chilichonse nsombazi zimakula ndi masentimita 5-7. Ma sturgeon akuluakulu amatha kulemera makilogalamu 150-200. Masiku ano, zimphona zoterezi ndizosoŵa. Kusodza nsomba iyi ndikoletsedwa, ndipo mbalame zilizonse mwangozi zomwe zimapezeka mwangozi ziyenera kumasulidwa.
Nthawi yobereka imayamba mu Epulo. M'mwezi wa Meyi, ma sturgeon akuluakulu ndi akazi omwe akhala zaka zoposa 18, ndipo amuna omwe akhala zaka zosachepera 15 - amapita mitsinje kumalo awo obadwira. Akazi amatulutsa mazira 250-750,000, molingana ndi msinkhu ndi kulemera kwake. Mphutsi zimawoneka patatha masiku 8-14 zitangobereka. Achinyamata okhwima amatsikira kumtsinje wa deltas nthawi yophukira.
Malinga ndi malingaliro a akatswiri a sayansi ya zamoyo za Baikal sturgeon, ndikoyenera kuyitcha a Siberia sturgeon, m'Chilatini - Acipenser baerii. Mulimonsemo, ma sturgeon ndi akale kwambiri, olemekezedwa komanso chachikulu nsomba za Baikal... Kuphatikiza pa kuti mtundu wa sturgeon monga mtundu wakhalapo kuyambira nthawi ya dinosaurs, anthu ena amakhalanso ndi moyo - mpaka zaka 60.
Salmon banja
Salmon ndi nsomba zofala ku Eastern Siberia. Mitundu 5 ya nsomba yakhazikika mu Nyanja ya Baikal. Zina mwa izo zikhoza kuonedwa kuti ndizodziwika bwino m'nyanjayi. Wotchuka komanso wofunikira mitundu ya nsomba ku Baikal - awa, choyambirira, nsomba.
Char
M'Baikal mumakhala nyama yotchedwa Arctic char, dzina lake ndi Savlelinus alpinus crythrinus. Pali mitundu yambiri ya nsombazi. Ma loach a Anadromous amakula mpaka 80 cm ndi 16 kg kulemera. Mawonekedwe a nyanja ndi ochepa - mpaka 40 cm, ndi 1.5 kg.
Ma loach amayang'ana chakudya m'malo otsetsereka a m'mphepete mwa nyanja, pakuya kwa mita 20 mpaka 40. Chakudya chaching'ono chimadyetsa mphutsi, nkhanu, chilichonse chotchedwa zooplankton. Yaikulu imadya nsomba zazing'ono, samanyoza kudya anzawo.
Mitundu yodalitsika yoperekera madzi imakwera m'mitsinje, mitundu ya lacustrine imapita kumadzi osaya, kukamwa kwa mitsinje. Kusamba kumachitika kugwa. Lacustrine loaches amakhala zaka 10-16; mu nsomba zowopsa, ukalamba umayamba zaka 18.
Achinyamata
Mitundu ya taimen wamba imayamba kumwera kwa Far East ndipo imathera kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Europe. Zitsanzo zina za mitundu iyi zitha kulemera makilogalamu 30, pali omwe ali ndi mbiri yakale omwe afika pa 60 kg. Nsomba za Baikal pachithunzipa nthawi zambiri amaimiridwa ndi taimen wamphamvu.
Taimen ndi nyama yolusa yomwe ili ndi mutu waukulu komanso thupi lakuda, lokomphoka. Monga mphutsi, imadya zooplankton. Ali wamng'ono, amasunthira tizilombo, mwachangu nsomba. Akuluakulu amalimbana ndi nsomba zazikulu komanso mbalame zam'madzi.
Nsomba zoyambira zaka 6 kapena kupitilira apo zimakwera mumitsinje kuti zibereke koyambirira kwa chilimwe. Akazi amaikira mazira makumi masauzande. Makulitsidwe amatenga masiku 35-40. Mphutsi zomwe zikuwoneka zikufunafuna chipulumutso pakati pa algae ndi miyala. Pakutha chilimwe zimakhwima, zimachoka pamadzi osaya, kutsikira kunyanja. Amakhulupirira kuti taimen amatha kukhala zaka 50.
Lenok
Amagawidwa mofanana m'nyanja ya Baikal. Kukhazikika mitsinje yonse yayikulu komanso yayikulu ikudyetsa nyanjayi ndi mitsinje yawo. Chiwerengero cha nsomba sichofunikira. Mtengo wamalonda ndi wocheperako. Koma lenok nthawi zambiri imagwira ntchito yosodza pamasewera.
Lenok ndi nsomba yomwe imakhala m'magulu ang'onoang'ono. Choyimira chimodzi chimatha kulemera kwa 5-6 kg ndi kutalika kwa 70 cm. Chifukwa cha kufanana, nthawi zina amatchedwa nsomba za ku Siberia. M'nyanjayi, amasankha malo amoyo wam'mbali ndi nyanja. Amakonda kukhala m'malo oyera oyera kunyanja.
Mitunduyi ilipo m'njira ziwiri: mphuno yakuthwa komanso yopindika. Mitundu imeneyi nthawi zina imasiyanitsidwa ndi ma taxa (subspecies) osiyana. Kusamba kumayambira pafupifupi zaka zisanu. Moyo wonse uli pafupifupi zaka 20-30.
Baikal omul
Nyanja yodziwika bwino, yotchuka kwambiri nsomba zamalonda za Baikal - lodziwika bwino omul. Ndi mtundu wa whitefish - Coregonus migratorius. Nsomba ndi chinthu chomwe chimasodza kwambiri. Kusaka moyenera, kuwononga nyama moperewera, kuwononga chakudya komanso kutentha kwadziko kwadzetsa kuchepa kwa gulu la omul.
Omul akuyimiridwa ndi anthu atatu:
- m'mphepete mwa nyanja, amakhala m'malo ozama;
- pelagic, amakonda kukhala m'mbali yamadzi;
- pansi, kudyetsa mozama kwambiri, pansi.
Nsomba zomwe zili m'mphepete mwa nyanja zimapezeka pagombe lakumpoto kwa Nyanja ya Baikal komanso mumtsinje wa Barguzin. Gulu la nsomba la pelagic likupitilizabe mtundu wake mumtsinje wa Selenga. Gulu la madzi akuya pafupi kwambiri pansi pake limabereka m'mitsinje yaying'ono ya Baikal.
Kuphatikiza pa kudyetsa ndikubala, anthu amakhala ndi mawonekedwe ena. Mwachitsanzo, ali ndi ma stamens angapo pamatumba a gill. M'mbali mwa nyanja muli 40-48 branchial stamens, mu pelagic - kuyambira 44 mpaka 55, pafupi-pansi - kuyambira 36 mpaka 44.
Nsomba za baikal omul - osati chilombo chachikulu. Chojambula chogwidwa cholemera 1 kg chimawerengedwa kuti ndi mwayi. Omuls akulemera makilogalamu 5-7 ndi osowa kwambiri. Omul amadyetsa nkhanu ndi nsomba mwachangu. Achinyamata achichepere okhala ndi mapiko achikasu amapanga gawo lalikulu la zakudya.
Amasiya kubala mchaka chachisanu cha moyo. Kusamba kumachitika m'miyezi yoyamba yophukira. Caviar yosesa imamatira pansi, mphutsi zimawoneka mchaka. Kutalika kwa moyo wa omul kumatha kufikira zaka 18.
Whitefish wamba
Imayimilidwa ndi ma subspecies awiri:
- Coregonus lavaretus pidschian ndi dzina lodziwika bwino la nsomba zoyera zaku Siberia kapena, monga asodzi amatchulira, pyzhyan.
- Coregonus lavaretus baicalensis nthawi zambiri amatchedwa Baikal whitefish.
Pyzhyan ndi mawonekedwe odabwitsa, amathera nthawi yayitali munyanjayi, chifukwa chodzaza ndi mitsinje ya Baikal. Nsomba za Baikal White ndimtundu wamoyo. Amadyetsa kulemera m'nyanjamo, amabala pamenepo. Kusiyana kwamakhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe pakati pa ma subspecies ndi ochepa.
Imakhwima ndipo imatha kutulutsa ana azisamba zoyera zaka 5-8. Kubzala, mosasamala kanthu za subspecies, kumachitika kugwa. Mphutsi za nsomba yozizira zimawonekera mchaka. Nthawi yonse ya moyo wa subspecies yonse imafika zaka 15-18.
Wofiirira waku Siberia
M'mbuyomu, nsomba zaimvi zidagawika m'mabanja osiyana pakupanga zamoyo. Tsopano mtundu wa grayling, wotchedwa Thymallus, ndi gawo la banja la salimoni. Baikal ndi mitsinje yomwe ikudumphiramo mumakhala mitundu yakuda ya Thymallus arcticus, lomwe limadziwika kuti Siberia imvi.
Koma zikhalidwe zomwe zili m'nyanja ya Baikal ndizosiyanasiyana, chifukwa chake, pakusintha, mitundu iwiri yazing'ono idatuluka mumtundu umodzi, womwe umasiyana mosiyanasiyana ndipo umakhala m'malo osiyanasiyana.
- Thymallus arcticus baicalensis - subspecies yamtundu wakuda wamiyeso ili ndi epithet "yakuda".
- Thymallus arcticus brevipinnis - ali ndi mtundu wowala, ndichifukwa chake amatchedwa Baikal yoyera imvi.
Grayling amakonda kuya osaya mwakuya; imvi yakuda imakonda kupezeka m'mitsinje yozizira kuposa nyanja. Mitundu yonse iwiri imabereka masika. Imvi, monga nsomba zonse za m'banja la salmon, sakhala zaka zopitilira 18.
Pike banja
Ili ndi banja laling'ono kwambiri (lat. Esocidae), loyimiridwa pa Nyanja ya Baikal ndi mtundu umodzi - pike wamba. Dzina lake lasayansi ndi Esox lucius. Nsomba odziwika bwino, nkhandwe yamadzi am'mbali mwa nyanja. Nthawi zonse komanso kulikonse kumadzutsa chidwi pakati pa okonda kusodza.
Amakhala m'malo a Baikal ndi malo ake, amakonda malo omwe mitsinje yayikulu ndi mitsinje imadutsa munyanjayi. Imasaka nyama za nsomba iliyonse. Kubala ndi kutentha koyamba, kumayambiriro kwa masika. Kuti achite izi, amalowa m'mitsinje, ndikukwera kumtunda. Akazi akulu amatulutsa mazira 200,000. Pambuyo pa masabata 1-2, mphutsi 7 mm zimawonekera. Ena azikhala ndi moyo zaka pafupifupi 25.
Carp banja
Imodzi mwamabanja ochuluka kwambiri a nsomba. Lili ndi dzina la sayansi la Cyprinidae. Ku Baikal, mitundu ya carp imayimiriridwa ndi mitundu 8. Ambiri a iwo ndi sor nsomba za m'nyanja ya Baikal, Ndiye kuti, okhala ku Baikal bays, olekanitsidwa ndi dera lalikulu lamadzi ndi kuchuluka kwa mchenga, oblique.
Carp
Nsomba zodziwika bwino ndizovuta kuzipeza. Ku Baikal, nsomba zagolide ndizofala. Dzina la sayansi la mtundu uwu ndi Carassius gibelio. M'madzi a Siberia, kuphatikiza Baikal, nsomba iyi imatha kukula mpaka 1.5 kg. Zoonadi, zitsanzo za magalamu 300 zimagwidwa. Zomwe ndizabwino kwambiri pamtengo wamtanda.
Crucian carp imabwera mchilimwe, ndikutentha kwamadzi kambiri. Kusamba kumachitika m'njira zingapo, ndikupumira kwamasabata awiri. Mphutsi zopeka za 5 mm zili ndi mwayi wokhwima ndikukhala zaka 10-12.
Minnow
Pali mitundu itatu yamatenda okhala ku Baikal:
- Phoxinus phoxinus ndiye minnow yofala kwambiri.
- Phoxinus pecnurus ndi nyanja yotchedwa galyan kapena njenjete.
- Phoxinus czekanowckii ndi mtundu waku Asia, Cnowanovsky's minnow.
Minnows ndi nsomba zazing'ono, zochepa. Msodzi wamkulu samafika masentimita 10. Malo akulu okhala: madzi osaya, mitsinje ndi mitsinje, ma bays ndi ma sors. Amasewera gawo lofunika kwambiri, nthawi zina lokhalitsa ngati chakudya cha nyama zazikulu za ku Baikal.
Roach waku Siberia
Ku Baikal ndi m'chigawo chapafupi, pali timagulu ta roach wamba, womwe m'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku umatchedwa chebak kapena soroga, ndipo m'Chilatini umatchedwa Rutilus rutilus lacustris. Nsomba omnivorous akhoza kufika magalamu 700 mu nyanja ya Baikal.
Mwachangu ndi mwachangu nyama yamphongo imadyedwa ndi nsomba zonse zodya nyama zomwe zimakhala munyanjayi komanso mitsinje yoyenda. Chifukwa cha kuberekana mwachangu, anthu a roach ndi okwanira, kotero kuti amakhala ndi malonda.
Eltsy
Nsombazi zimayimilidwa mu ichthyofauna ya Nyanja ya Baikal m'mitundu iwiri:
- Leuciscus leuciscus baicalensis - chebak, dace waku Siberia, megdim.
- Leuciscus idus - lingaliro.
Kukula mwachizolowezi kwa dace wamkulu ndi masentimita 10. Anthu ena amapambana kukula kwa masentimita 20. Dace laku Siberia limadyetsa m'madzi osaya, mu zinyalala. Kwa nyengo yozizira imalowa munyanjayi, imakumana ndi nyengo yoipa mmaenje. Amabereka masika, kukwera mitsinje ndi mitsinje.
Malingalirowo ndi akulu kuposa othamanga ku Siberia. Imatha kukula mpaka masentimita 25 mpaka 30. Imapita kumalo oberekera kumayambiriro kwa masika, pomwe madzi oundana a Baikal sanasungunuke kwathunthu. Imakwera mitsinje ndi mitsinje ikuluikulu, kudutsa 25 km kapena kupitilira apo. Chonde, chachikazi chimabala mazira 40 - 380 zikwi. Kutalika ndi malingaliro aku Siberia amakhala zaka pafupifupi 15-20.
Zamgululi carp
Subpecies ya carp wamba. Mayina a nsomba za Baikal Nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi epithet yokhudzana ndi dera lawo: "Baikal" kapena "Siberia". Dzina la nsombayi limasonyeza kuti amur adachokera.
Carp idafika ku Baikal posachedwa. Kuyambira 1934, nsomba zakhala zikulowetsedwa m'madzi a m'nyanja ya Baikal magawo angapo. Cholinga chosinthira carp kukhala mtundu wamalonda chidakwaniritsidwa pang'ono. M'nthawi yathu ino, usodzi wamalonda wa nsomba iyi sunachitike.
Tench
Imodzi mwa nsomba zazikulu kwambiri zomwe zimakhala mu Nyanja ya Baikal. Kutalika kwa tench kumafika 70 cm, ndipo kulemera kwake mpaka 7 kg. Awa ndi ziwerengero zolembedwa. Mu moyo weniweni, nsomba zazikulu zimakula mpaka masentimita 20-30.
Nsomba zonse za carp ndizofanana. Thupi la nsomba limakulirakulira, kumapeto kwa mchira ndikufupikitsa. Zotsalira zonsezo zimasiyana pang'ono ndi carp crucian. Amabereka chilimwe, pomwe madzi amatentha mpaka 18 ° C. Akazi amatulutsa mazira 400,000. Makulitsidwewo ndi aafupi. Patatha masiku angapo, mphutsi zimawonekera.
Siberia gudgeon
Nsomba zazing'ono zazing'ono. Subpecies ya minnow wamba. Munthu wamkulu amatambasula masentimita 10. Nthawi zina pamakhala zitsanzo za 15 cm kutalika. Thupi limakulitsidwa, kuzungulira, ndi gawo lathyathyathya lakumunsi, kusinthidwa kukhala moyo wapansi.
Amamera kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe m'madzi osaya. Mkazi amatulutsa mazira 3-4,000. Makulitsidwe amatha masiku 7-10. M'dzinja, timineti tating'ono tomwe takula timapita kumalo ozama. Minnows amakhala zaka 8-12.
Kuphulika kwakum'mawa
Iye ndi bream wamba, dzina la sayansi - Abramis brama. Osati mbadwa ya Baikal. M'zaka zapitazi, idatulutsidwa m'madzi a Baikal omwe ali mumtsinje wa Selenga. Pambuyo pake zidapezeka m'zinyalala za Nyanja ya Baikal komanso nyanjayo.
Nsomba zanzeru ndi zazikulu mosaneneka, zomwe ndizoposa gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a nsomba. Amakhala m'magulu, mwakuya amasankha chakudya kuchokera pansi. Hibernates mu maenje, amachepetsa ntchito ya ziweto, koma sataya.
Amabereka ali ndi zaka 3-4 zaka za masika m'madzi osaya. Mkazi amatha kusesa mpaka 300 mazira ang'onoang'ono. Pambuyo masiku 3-7, kukula kwa mazira kumatsirizidwa. Nsombazo zimakhwima pang'onopang'ono. Ali ndi zaka 4 zokha pomwe amatha kubereka ana. Mabere amakhala ndi zaka 23.
Banja la Loach
Loach - nsomba zazing'ono pansi. Mbali yawo yayikulu ndikutukuka kwamatumbo ndi khungu. Izi zimathandiza kuti nsomba zizikhala m'madzi okhala ndi mpweya wochepa.
Siberia char
Malo okhalamo a char ndi mitsinje ndi nyanja za Baikal zomwe zili gawo lawo. Ali ndi dzina la sayansi Barbatula toni. Kutalika, zitsanzo za achikulire zimafika masentimita 15. Ili ndi thupi lokulungika, lopindika. Amakhala tsikulo osasunthika, kubisala pakati pamiyala. Amasankha chakudya kuchokera pansi usiku.
Kusamba kumachitika koyambirira kwa chilimwe. Mphutsi, kenako mwachangu, zimakhamukira. Achinyamata, monga ma charr achikulire aku Siberia, amadya mphutsi ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono. Osonkhanitsa pansi amakhala zaka pafupifupi 7.
Ziphuphu zaku Siberia
Nsomba yaying'ono yapansi, yomwe imakonda malo okhala Baikal, mitsinje, zinyalala zokhala ndi gawo lopanda kanthu. Njira yayikulu yopulumutsira moyo ndikumuika m'manda.
Zimaswana kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe. Mitundu yazaka zopitilira 3 imathandizira kutenga ziweto. Kubzala kumatenga pafupifupi miyezi iwiri. Mazira ndi akulu - mpaka 3 mm m'mimba mwake. Mphutsi ndi mwachangu zimadyetsa phyto- ndi zooplankton.
Banja la Catfish
Nsomba ndi banja la nsomba zapadera za benthic. Pali mtundu umodzi m'nyanja ya Baikal - Amur kapenafish Eastern. Dzina lake la sayansi ndi Silurus asotus. Catfish si yakomweko. Anamasulidwa chifukwa cha kuswana mu Nyanja Shakshinskoye, m'mitsinje yomwe idadutsa ku Baikal.
Thupi lakumunsi limayala pansi. Mutu ndiwofewa. Kutalika, imakula mpaka mita 1. Ndikukula kumeneku, misa imatha kukhala 7-8 kg. Kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, nsomba zamtchire zomwe zafika zaka 4 zimayamba kubala. Mkazi amatha kupanga mazira mpaka 150,000. Catfish amakhala motalika kokwanira - mpaka zaka 30.
Cod banja
Burbot ndiye mtundu wokhawo wa cod womwe umakhala m'madzi abwino. Tizilombo ting'onoting'ono tomwe timakhala m'nyanja ya Baikal timadziwika kuti Lota lota lota. M'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku, amangotchedwa burbot.
Thupi la burbot lidapangidwira moyo wapansi. Mutu ndiwofewa, thupi limapanikizika pambuyo pake. Kutalika, burbot wamkulu imatha kupitilira mita 1. Kulemera kwake kumakhala pafupi makilogalamu 15-17. Koma izi ndizosowa, zolemba. Asodzi amakhala ndi zitsanzo zazing'ono kwambiri.
Burbot imabereka m'nyengo yozizira, mwina ndichifukwa choti akazi a burbot amatenga nawo gawo pakuswana osati chaka chilichonse. Kusamba kumachitika mu Januware. Mazira amasesedwa m'mbali yamadzi ndikunyamulidwa ndi pano. Mphutsi imawonekera pofika masika. Moyo wa burbot wamkulu kuchokera kwa iwo ukhoza kupitilira zaka 20.
Banja la Perch
Mitundu yokhayo yabanja ili yomwe imakhala mdera lamadzi la Nyanja ya Baikal ndipo mitsinje ikudutsamo, iyi ndiye nsomba wamba. Dzinalo ndi Perca fluviatilis. Ndi nyama yolusa yapakatikati, yopitilira 21-25 cm kutalika, yokhala ndi mawonekedwe olemera pang'ono: mpaka 200-300 g. Zoyimira zolemera zambiri ndizochepa.
Kukhazikika kumakhala ndi kudyetsa m'malo, malo, zinyalala za Baikal. Amadya nsomba zazing'ono, zopanda mafupa ndi nyama zina zazing'ono zam'madzi. Nsomba zazaka zitatu kapena kupitilira apo zimayamba kubala kumayambiriro kwamasika.
Kuchokera kumazira otulutsidwa m'madzi osaya, mphutsi zimapezeka masiku 20. Atakula mpaka kufulumira, nsombazi zimakhamukira m'magulu ndikuyamba kudyetsa kwambiri m'mbali mwa nyanja. Pherch amatha kukhala zaka 10-15.
Slingshot banja
Banja lalikululi lili ndi dzina lasayansi la Cottidae. Chimayimilidwa munyanjayi. Mitundu ina ndi iyi nsomba zodabwitsa za Baikal... Nthawi zambiri, nsomba zonsezi zimatchedwa gobies chifukwa cha mawonekedwe awo komanso moyo wawo wapansi. Slingshot kapena sculpin amagawidwa m'magulu angapo.
Banja lachikasu
Makamaka nsomba zam'madzi akuya. Amakhala m'nyanja ya Baikal komanso nyanja zoyandikana nayo. Amakula mpaka kukula pang'ono: 10-15, osachepera masentimita 20. Nsomba zonse ndi nzika zaku Baikal. Ntchentche zonse zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe achilendo, nthawi zina owopsa.
- Baikal mutu waukulu. Dzina la sayansi - Batrachocottus baicalensis. Nsomba zomwe zimapezeka ku Baikal... Amakhala ndikudya mozama kuchokera pa 10 mpaka 120 m.
- Mapiko otambalala. Izi zimasakira chakudya chakuya kuchokera pa 50 mpaka 800 m.Icho chimatulukira kuya kwa 100 m. Batrachocottus multiradiatus ndi dzina lasayansi la nsombayi.
- Chotupa chachikulu. Dzina lachi Latin ndi Batrachocottus nikolskii. Imakhala pansi pamunsi pamamita 100. Itha kukhala pamadzi opitilira 1 km.
- Shirokolobka Talieva. Pazowerengera zachilengedwe zimapezeka pansi pa dzina Batrachocottus talievi. Nthawi zambiri imapezeka pakuya mamita 450-500. Imatha kulowa pansi mpaka 1 km.
- Kutalika kwa Severobaikalskaya. Dzina lachi Latin ndi Cottocomephorus alexandrae. Zinyama zazinsomba sizigwera pansi pa mita 100. Akuluakulu amadyetsa mamita 600 kuya.
- Yellowfly. Amatchulidwa chifukwa cha makulidwe amphongo amphongo. M'nyengo isanakwane, zipsepse zake zimakhala ndi chikasu chowala. Dzina la sayansi - Cottocomephorus growingkii. Imakhala osati pansi kokha, komanso m'malo ozungulira pelagic kuya kwa 10 mpaka 300 m.
- Shirokolobka wamapiko ataliatali. Nsombazi zimatchedwa chifukwa cha zipsepse zake zazitali kwambiri zam'mimba. M'chilimwe, imakhala pansi pakuya kwa 1 km. M'nyengo yozizira, imasunthira molowera pansi kwambiri. Cottocomephorus inermis - pansi pa dzina ili ilipo mu dongosolo lazachilengedwe.
- Broadball yamiyala. Amakhala m'nthaka zamiyala pakuya mamita 50. Ana aang'ono amakonda kukhala osaya madzi, kumene amakhala nyama zosiririka za nsomba zanjala. Dzina la sayansi - Paracottus knerii.
Banja golomyankov
Banjali limaphatikizapo lomwe silofanana ndi wina aliyense. nsomba za Baikal — golomyanka... Dzinalo ndi Comephorus. Imaperekedwa m'mitundu iwiri:
- golomyanka wamkulu,
- Dybowski golomyanka kapena yaying'ono.
Thupi la nsombazi limakhala ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a mafuta. Alibe chikhodzodzo chosambira, ali ndi viviparous. Wamkulu golomyanka amakula mpaka masentimita 15-25. Amakhala m'dera la pelagic mwakuya kwabwino - kuyambira 300 mpaka 1300 m.
Chosangalatsa kwambiri, golomyanka - nsomba zowonekera za Baikal... Amagwiritsa ntchito njira yapadera yopulumutsa moyo - amayesetsa kuti asawoneke. Koma sizothandiza nthawi zonse. Golomyanka imakonda kudya nyama zam'madzi ndi Baikal seal.
