Zambiri mwazo ndi zakutchire, koma nthawi yomweyo zimazolowera moyo wapanyumba, minks amavala ubweya wofunika kwambiri pakati pa nyama zina zobala ubweya ndipo amasiyana nawo ndi ukatswiri wawo komanso kusewera.
Malo okhalamo chifukwa cha kusiyanasiyana kwamitundu anali pafupifupi kulikonse, atatha kudziwa mink ngati chiweto, yatsika kwambiri. Kuswana kwa minks ndi minda yaubweya ndikotchuka kwambiri masiku ano, izi ndichifukwa chaubwino waubweya wawo komanso kufunika kwake.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Mink - chilombo ku dongosolo la nyama, yodziwika ndi oblong wodzigudubuza woboola pakati thupi. Maonekedwe ake, amafanana ndi ferret, nthawi zambiri amasokonezeka chifukwa chofanana ndi thunzi tating'onoting'ono tating'ono, zomwe zimakhala zovuta kuzizindikira mu ubweya wakuda, makutu ozungulira.
Nyamayo ili ndi mano akuthwa, omwe amatha kuluma dzanja la munthu ndikukhazikika kwa nthawi yayitali. Kuti nyama ikhale pachiwopsezo chachikulu ndikutsegula nsagwada, muyenera kuigwira pakhosi ndikuipumira mphuno.
Chifukwa cha vibrissae, kukongola ndi kukhudza kwa mink kumapangidwa bwino, koma miyendo yayifupi imalepheretsa kuyenda msanga pamtunda. Pamiyendo pali zala zakuda zokutidwa ndi ubweya, pakati pake pali zotupa zosambira, zomwe zimakulitsa miyendo yakumbuyo. Izi zimalola kuti mink ikhale yabwino kwambiri ndikuyandama pansi pamadzi, ndikupangitsa kuti igwere pamtunda.
Mink ili ndi maso ang'onoang'ono, ndipo masomphenya ake ndi ofooka kwambiri, chifukwa chake, nthawi yosaka, nyama imangodalira fungo lokoma. Izi zimamupatsa mwayi waukulu kuposa nyama zina, chifukwa amatha kupita kukasaka ngakhale usiku kwambiri. Mink imakhala ndi mphezi mwachangu pazinthu zosuntha, koma ngati nyamayo ili pamalo oyimilira, ndiye kuti ili ndi mwayi wokhala osazindikira.
Amuna amasiyana kukula kwa akazi, oyamba kulemera kwake atha kufika pafupifupi 4 kg, ndipo chachiwiri mpaka 2 kg pazipita. Kutalika, anyamata amakula mpaka masentimita 55, ndipo atsikana - mpaka masentimita 45. Chovala cha ubweya wa nyama chimakhala ndi tsitsi lalifupi komanso losalala, lomwe ndi langwiro, lopanda madazi, ubweya wonyezimira.
Kusintha nyengo kulibe nazo ntchito kwenikweni ubweya wa nyama. Mink nthawi zonse amakhala ndi malaya wandiweyani. Izi zimamupangitsa kuti alowe m'madzi ndi kutentha pafupifupi madigiri khumi Celsius osamva kuzizira. Ndipo mink ikatuluka m'madzi, chinyama chimakhalabe chowuma, chifukwa chivundikirocho sichimanyowa.
Mtundu wa nyama ndi wosiyanasiyana, kuyambira zoyera ndi utoto wabuluu mpaka bulauni yakuda. Mdima wakuda idawonekera koyamba ku Canada, chifukwa chake amatchedwa Canada, ndipo ubweya wamtunduwu umatengedwa ngati "daimondi yakuda" ndipo uli ndi mtengo wapamwamba kwambiri.
Mitundu
Pakati pa minks pafupifupi mamiliyoni makumi asanu omwe amakhala m'malo osiyanasiyana, pali mitundu inayi yayikulu. Amatchedwa European, American, Russian ndi Scandinavia.
Mink yaku Europe imatha kuwonedwa pafupi ndi malo amadzi aku Eastern Europe komanso zigawo za Siberia. Amakhala nthawi yayitali m'madzi, izi zitha kuweruzidwa ndi mawonekedwe ake. mink pachithunzichi, Ili ndi mutu wophwatalala pang'ono ndi zingwe zopangidwa bwino pakati pa zala zakuphazi. Mink yaku Europe ili ndi tsitsi lalifupi lomwe limapangitsa kuti malaya ake ofiira kapena otuwa akhale osalala komanso owala.
Mink yaku America yaku North America imasiyana kwambiri ndi mink yaku Europe mu kukula kwake, ndi yayitali komanso yolemera, komanso imakhala ndi chizindikiro chosiyanitsa ngati kachingwe kakang'ono pansi pa mlomo. Mtundu wachilengedwe wa malayawo umatha kuyambira wakuda mpaka zoyera. Momwemo mink yoyeraayenera kukhala waku America.
Mitundu iyi ya ana obiriwira yasanduka chuma chenicheni kwa asayansi omwe amafuna kupanga mitundu yatsopano komanso yosiyanasiyana, chifukwa ndi mink yaku America yokha yomwe ili ndi majini apadera osintha omwe amakhudza mthunzi wa ubweya wake.
Ngati mink waku Europe ku Eurasia anali achiaborigine, ndiye kuti aku America adabweretsedwako kontrakitala pambuyo pake kuti asungidwe m'malo osungira. Kenako, kuti zizolowere nyama zamtchire, nyamazo zinayamba kutsitsidwa kuti zizikhala ndi ufulu, ndipo malowa adasokoneza mink yaku Europe.
Chiwerengero cha anthu amtunduwu chinayamba kuchepa, nyama zolusa ku America zaphwanya ku Europe mwachangu. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti mink yaku America ndi ku Europe, ngakhale idawoneka chimodzimodzi, idachokera kwa makolo osiyanasiyana. Malo omwewo adathandizira nyamazo kukhala ndi kufanana kwakukulu, koma chifukwa cha kupikisana kwa mitundu, kuyambira 1996, European mink - chinyama cha Red Book.
Woyambitsa wa mink waku Russia anali waku North America; zinali pamaziko ake kuti oweta zaka 30 za m'ma 1900 adabweretsa mawonekedwe okongolawa. "Chovala" cha mink waku Russia chimasiyanitsidwa ndi tsitsi lalitali komanso chovala chapamwamba, ndipo utoto umakhala wofiirira mpaka wakuda.
Dziko lakwawo la mink yaku Scandinavia limawerengedwa kuti ndi kumpoto kwa Europe, koma masiku ano anthu amtunduwu afalikira ndipo ndi nyama zanyama zaubweya (pafupifupi 80%) mwa oimira nyama zonsezi. izo mink wabulauni wokhala ndi mtundu wolemera, wotchulidwa komanso mwangwiro ngakhale, kutalika kofanana, tsitsi lofewa.
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Mink ili ndi mafoni. Imagwira, makamaka m'malo am'madzi, pomwe, chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake olinganiza thupi, imayenda bwino ndi miyendo yakutsogolo ndi yakumbuyo ndikusambira mtsogolo ndi ma jerks, imadumphadumpha ndikusunthira pansi.
Pansi pamadzi, chilombo chaching'ono chimatha kufika pafupifupi mphindi ziwiri, kenako nkutuluka, ndikupuma ndikuchita zomwe zachitikazo. Vuto loyandikira pamtunda lingakakamize nyama kuti ikwere ngakhale panthambi ya mtengo kapena tchire.
Mink ndi nyama, yomwe imakhala moyo wokhawokha, imasankha malo abata komanso osakhazikika kuti izikhalamo. Mwachitsanzo, pafupi ndi magombe amadzi amadzi oyera, mitsinje yaying'ono kapena nyanja zam'madzi.
Minks imakhazikika pamabampu otuluka mozungulira madzi, kapena m'mabowo okumba, pomwe payeneranso kukhala ndi madzi. Izi zitha kukhala zimbudzi zakale za makoswe amadzi kapena malo achilengedwe, pomwe mink imadzipangira bedi la udzu kapena nthenga.
Mink ndi chilombo chokhala ndi thupi lolimba komanso lokhathamira, kuyenda kwambiri, chifukwa chake ndi msaki woyenera, amatha kugwira ndikudya nyama iliyonse yaying'ono, m'malo am'madzi komanso pamtunda. Amadzipezera chakudya pochita bizinesi yomwe amakonda - kusodza.
Nyama zomwe zikulimbana ndi mink ndi otters amtsinje komanso agalu oweta. Otters, chifukwa mitundu yonse iwiri imakhazikika m'malo amodzi, koma gulu loyambalo limatulutsa minks, pokhala lamphamvu, lokulirapo komanso mwachangu. Ndipo agalu, mwa kununkhiza, amapeza zisa za nyama zokhala ndi ubweya ndikuwononga ana awo, ngakhale sizowopsa kwa akulu.
Mink nthawi zambiri imakhala usiku, ndichifukwa chake simungawawone madzulo kapena m'mawa kwambiri pafupi ndi matupi amadzi. Kuchokera pazotsalira zomwe zatsala, munthu amatha kuweruza kupezeka kwa mink m'malo ena. Zojambula zake za paw ndizofanana ndi za ferret, koma zokulirapo komanso zokulirapo. Mink imayenda m'njira zophunziridwa tsiku lililonse, ndikudziwitsa malowo ndi zonunkhira komanso zowoneka bwino.
The yogwira amakhala mink m'chaka, pamene zizindikilo zoyambirira zakugonana zimawonekera mwa akazi ndipo ziphuphu zimayamba, komanso kugwa, nyama zazing'ono zikakhazikikanso ndikusaka malo abwino okhala, malo osakhalitsa ndi odekha.
Zakudya zabwino
Zakudya za mink zimakhazikitsidwa ndi nsomba zazing'ono zamtsinje. Popeza nyamayo nthawi zambiri imapeza chakudya chake pogwiritsa ntchito nsomba, nsomba, tench, minnows, gobies zimakhala nyama yake. Nyama yaubweya sichidana nayo kudya nyama zina zazing'ono zomwe zili pafupi ndi matupi amadzi: nkhono, achule, nkhanu kapena makoswe amtsinje. Chifukwa chothamanga komanso kusamala, mink imatha kudikirira ndikugwira mbalame yakutchire, gologolo wachinyamata kapena muskrat.
M'nyengo yozizira, kusaka kukakhala kopanda zipatso, mink ya mitundu yaku Europe imathandizidwa ndi mizu yamitengo, zipatso zamtchire zamtchire ndi zipatso za phulusa lamapiri, ndikupeza mbewu. M'nyengo yozizira ikayandikira, nyamazo zimakhazika nsomba ndi zipatso, ndikuziyika m'nyumba zawo. American mink amakonda kudya nsomba zazinkhanira, chifukwa chakudyacho ndichabwino kuposa nsomba.
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti mink siyitha kuwononga nsomba zambiri, chifukwa imadyetsa nsomba zomwe sizili zamalonda. M'nyengo yozizira, nyama zolusa izi zimayenera kusaka pamtunda, monga malo omwe kale anali malo osakira amaundana.
Kuchokera apa, minks ndi makoswe ena amafafanizidwa kwambiri ndi minks m'nyengo yozizira kuposa nthawi yotentha. Chifukwa chake, mink imasamalira chilengedwe ndikuwongolera kuchuluka kwa mbewa zazing'ono zomwe zimawononga chilengedwe. Pamafunika magalamu 200 okha a chakudya patsiku la mink wamba kuti athetse njala.
Amatha kugawa kuchuluka kwakachulukidwe kameneka muzakudya 4-9 patsiku. Ngati chakudya chomwe chilipo chimaposa chizolowezi ichi, ndiye kuti chinyama chodabwitsacho chimachoka m'malo osungira ake. Mink imatha kuonedwa ngati nyama yosavuta, imakonda kudya nyama zatsopano, ndipo imakhudza nyama yowola pokhapokha masiku atatu a njala. Chifukwa chake, chilombocho chimasintha masheya ake nthawi zonse kuti asakumane ndi vutoli.
Ngati tikulankhula za minks okhala mu ukapolo, ndiye kuti nthawi zambiri amapatsidwa nsomba, ndipo nthawi zina chimanga, ndiwo zamasamba komanso zopangidwa ndi mkaka. Minda yamafamu ndi minda mosamala amayang'anira mosamala zakudya za nyama, chifukwa mtunduwo umadalira mink ubweya.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Nthawi yokhotakhota (kukwatirana) mink imapezeka koyambirira kwa masika, kuyambira February mpaka Meyi. Pofuna kubereka, amuna amasankha akazi molingana ndi malo omwe amakhala (momwe mink imayandikira, ndipamene mwayi wophatikizana umakhala waukulu).
Ngati amuna angapo afunsira wamkazi m'modzi nthawi imodzi, ndiye kuti kulimbana kumayamba pakati pawo ndipo wankhanza kwambiri pamapeto pake amapeza mwayi wokwatirana ndi mink wosankhidwa, ndipo enawo amapita kukasaka. Kumtchire, mink ya mtundu womwewo singagwirizane (mwachitsanzo, Mzungu mink ndi American), mazira awo osakanizidwa amafa atangobereka kumene.
Mink yoyembekezera imatenga masiku 40 mpaka 72 (kutengera mitundu, zakudya ndi moyo). Zotsatira zake, mkazi m'modzi amatha kupereka ana a 2-7, ndipo m'mitundu yaku America, anawo amatha kukhala nyama 10.
Minks amabadwa ang'onoang'ono, osaphimbidwa ndi ubweya komanso khungu. Amakula mofulumira, kudyetsa mkaka kumatenga miyezi iwiri, kenako anawo amasinthana ndi chakudya chomwe mayi amawapezera. Amuna panthawiyi satenga nawo mbali pamoyo wa ana awo ndikukhala padera.
Ali ndi mwezi umodzi, minks amayamba kuwonetsa zochitika, makanda amakhala akusewera, ndipo pofika Julayi amakhala atakula kale (mpaka theka la kukula kwa amayi) kuti atuluke mdzenje.
Mu Ogasiti, pamapeto pake amakula, amafikira kukula kwa achikulire, amayamba kusaka pawokha ndikudzipezera chakudya, ndipo pamapeto pake amachoka kwawo kwa makolo. Anawo atatha, minksyo imayamba kudziyimira pawokha pafupi ndi nyanja ndi mitsinje yapafupi.
Kwa akazi, kutha msinkhu kumachitika miyezi 10-12 ndipo mpaka zaka 3 pali chonde chambiri, kenako chimatsika. Amuna amakula msinkhu ndi zaka 1.5-2. Nthawi yonse ya mink zakutchire kuyambira zaka 8 mpaka 10, ndipo mu ukapolo imachulukirachulukira ndipo imatha kufikira zaka 15.
Dera logawira mink m'dera lomwe anthu sangathe kulilamulira nthawi zonse limachepa. Zinyama zaubweya zimasamalidwa mwakhama ndi anthu, chifukwa cha kudekha kwawo, zimakhala zofunikira kwambiri pakuweta ziweto ndi m'minda yamafuta. Chifukwa chake, anthu omwe amachita kuswana mink, amakhala ndi kuthekera kosamalira mitundu ya nyama.
