Agologolo (Sciurus) ndi nthumwi za mtundu wa Makoswe ndi banja la Agologolo. Kuphatikiza pa mtundu wa Sciurus womwewo, mamembala ena am'banjali amatchedwanso mapuloteni, kuphatikiza agologolo ofiira (Tamiasciurus) ndi agologolo amgwalangwa (Funambulus).
Kufotokozera kwa mapuloteni
Mtundu wa Sciurus umagwirizanitsa mitundu pafupifupi makumi atatu, yomwe imasiyana mosiyanasiyana komanso malo okhala, komanso mtundu ndi kukula kwake... Mitundu yodziwika bwino mdziko lathu komanso m'maiko akunja ndi Common Squirrel, kapena Veksha (Sciurus vulgaris), yomwe ili ndi chidziwitso chakunja cha mbewa yochokera pagulu la Mammals.
Maonekedwe
Nyamayo imakhala yaying'ono, yaying'ono komanso yayitali, ndi mchira wofewa kwambiri. Kutalika kwa thupi la squirrel wamkulu ndi pafupifupi 20-30 cm, ndipo kutalika kwa mchira ndikotsika kachitatu. Chinyama chonse chokhwima pogonana sichiposa 250-300 g.Mutu wake ndi waung'ono, wamizeremizere, wamakutu owongoka komanso atali, omwe amakongoletsedwa ndi ngayaye. Maso ndi akulu, akuda. Mphuno ndi yozungulira.
Ndizosangalatsa! Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ya Veksha, yosiyana ndi mawonekedwe akunja, ndi Central Russian ndi Northern Europe, Western Siberian ndi Bashkir, Altai ndi Yakut, Transbaikalian ndi Yenisei, Sakhalin agologolo, komanso Teleutka.
Zingwe za mbewa zimakhala zolimba kwambiri, zimakhala ndi zikhadabo zakuthwa komanso zopindika, ndipo mafupawo anali ofupikirapo kuposa akumbuyo. Mimba, mphuno ndi zotsogola zimakutidwa ndi ma vibrissae, omwe amaimiridwa ndi tsitsi lolimba lomwe limagwira ntchito ngati mphamvu. M'nyengo yotentha, ubweya wa gologoloyu ndi wolimba komanso waufupi, ndipo nthawi yachisanu ikayamba amasintha kwambiri - imakhala yolimba komanso yayitali, m'malo mofewa.
Mtundu wa malaya
"Chovala" cha gologolo chimadziwika ndi mtundu wina, womwe umadalira malo okhala mbewa komanso nyengo, komanso mitundu yazinyama. Mwachitsanzo, gologolo wamba nthawi yotentha amakhala ndi ubweya wofiira kapena wabulauni, ndipo nthawi yozizira chovalacho chimakhala ndi nyimbo zakuda, zakuda komanso zofiirira. Komabe, mimba ya Veksha ndi yoyera chaka chonse.
Khalidwe ndi moyo
Agologolo ndiwo oimira anthu okhala m'nkhalango, chifukwa chake chilengedwe chimapatsa makoswe awa "luso" loyenera lomwe amafunikira kuti apulumuke m'malo ovuta ngati awa. Gawo lalikulu la moyo limagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi agologolo a m'nkhalango m'mitengo.
Zinyama zazing'ono ndizocheperako, chifukwa chake amatha kusuntha mosavuta komanso mwachangu kuchokera ku chomera china kupita ku china. Kudumphadumpha kwa nyama kumatikumbutsa kuuluka kotsika. Ndiyamika miyendo yakumbuyo yotukuka bwino, mbewa yamtunduwu imakankhidwa mwamphamvu, ndipo mchira wake wofewa komanso wokulirapo umatumikira nyama ngati chiwongolero ndi parachuti nthawi yomweyo.
Ndizosangalatsa! Zomwe sizili bwino pamoyo wa agologolo zimakakamiza nyamayo kuti ichoke m'malo omwe akukhalamo ndikupita kukasaka malo okhala, ndipo zifukwa zazikulu zosamukirako nthawi zambiri zimaimiridwa ndi kusowa kwa chakudya, chilala kapena moto wamnkhalango.
Pamwamba pa dziko lapansi, nyama zazing'ono komanso zofewa sizikhala chete, chifukwa chake zimayesa kusuntha mosamala, ndikupanga kulumpha kwakanthawi kochepa. Gologolo akamva zoopsa, amakwera mumtengo pafupifupi liwiro la mphezi, kumene amamverera kuti ndi otetezeka kotheratu.
Ndi agologolo angati amakhala
Pansi pa chilengedwe, agologolo amakhala ndi moyo nthawi zambiri, samapitilira zaka zisanu, koma nyama zoweta zimakhala nthawi yayitali. Ndi chisamaliro choyenera komanso chisamaliro chabwino panyumba, nthawi yayitali yokhala ndi mbewa zazing'ono zimatha kukhala zaka khumi ndi zisanu.
Mitundu ya mapuloteni
Gulu la Gologolo likuyimiriridwa ndi mitundu ingapo:
- Gologolo Abert (Sciurus aberti). Kutalika kwa thupi kumakhala masentimita 46-58, ndipo mchira uli mkati mwa masentimita 19-25. Ili ndi ngayaye m'makutu, ubweya wa imvi wokhala ndi mzere wofiira wofiirira kumbuyo kwake;
- Gologolo wa ku Guiana (Zolemba za Sciurus). Kutalika kwa thupi sikuposa masentimita 20, ndipo mchirawo ndi wa masentimita 18.3. Ubweyawo ndi wakuda bii;
- Gologolo wa Allen (Sciurus alleni). Kutalika kwa thupi kumakhala mkati mwa masentimita 26.7, ndipo mchirawo ndi masentimita 16.9. Ubweya kumbuyo ndi mbali zake ndi wachikasu-bulauni wonyezimira, wokhala ndi timizere taimvi tokongola;
- Anthu a ku Caucasus, kapena Gologolo wa ku Persia (Sciurus anomalus). Kutalika kwa thupi - osaposa kotala la mita ndi mchira kutalika kwa masentimita 13-17. Mtunduwo ndi wowala komanso wofanana, wofiirira kumtunda kumtunda ndi mabokosi ofiira mbali;
- Gologolo wamimba wagolide (Sciurus wothandizira). Kutalika kwa thupi - 25.8 cm, mchira - osapitilira 25.5 cm;
- Karolinska (imvi) gologolo (Sciurus carolinensis). Kutalika kwa thupi kuli mkati mwa 38.0-52.5 masentimita, ndipo mchira suli wopitilira kotala la mita. Mtundu wa ubweya ndi wotuwa kapena wakuda;
- Belka Depp (Sciurus deppei). Mitunduyi imayimiriridwa ndi subspecies S.d. Deppei, S.d. Matagalpae, S.d. miravallensis, S.d. negigens ndi S.d. vivax;
- Yamoto, kapena gologolo wamoto (Sciurus flammifer). Kutalika kwa thupi kumakhala masentimita 27.4, ndipo mchira ndi masentimita 31. Ubweya kumutu ndi makutu ndi ofiira, gawo lakumtunda la imvi-chikasu komanso lakuda, ndipo mimba ndiyoyera;
- Gologolo wachikasu (Sciurus gilvigularis). Kutalika kwa thupi sikuposa masentimita 16.6, ndipo mchira ndi masentimita 17.3. Ubweya kumbuyo kumakhala kofiirira kofiira ndi imvi, ndipo mimba ili ndi utoto wofiira-lalanje;
- Chofiira, kapena gologolo wa novogranadskaya (Sciurus granatensis). Kutalika kwa thupi kuli mkati mwa masentimita 33-52, ndipo mchira sukhala wopitilira masentimita 14 mpaka 28. Ubweya kumbuyo kwake ndi wofiira mdima, koma umatha kukhala wotuwa, wotuwa wachikaso kapena bulauni yakuda;
- Gologolo wakumadzulo (Sciurus griseus). Kutalika kwa thupi kumakhala masentimita 50-60, ndipo mchirawo ndi wa masentimita 24-30. Ubweya kumbuyo kwake ndi wonyezimira wa mtundu wa imvi, ndipo mimba ili ndi yoyera yoyera;
- Gologolo wa ku Bolivia (Sciurus amatsitsa). Kutalika kwa thupi kumakhala pafupifupi masentimita 17-18, ndipo mchira sudapitirira masentimita 17. Ubweya kumbuyo kwake umakhala wa bulauni wosiyanasiyana, mchirawo umakhala ndi utoto wofiyira, ndipo m'mimba mwake muli utoto wofiyira wachikaso;
- Gologolo wa Nayarite (Sciurus nayaritensis). Kutalika kwa thupi kumakhala masentimita 28-30, ndipo mchirawo ndi wa masentimita 27-28. Ubweyawo ndi wofewa, kumbuyo kwake umakhala ndi utoto wofiirira;
- Wakuda, kapena agologolo nkhandwe (Sciurus niger). Kutalika kwa thupi kuli pafupifupi masentimita 45-70, ndipo mchira wake uli mkati mwa masentimita 20 mpaka 33. Ubweya wake ndi wowoneka wonyezimira-wachikaso kapena wakuda wakuda bii, ndipo pamimba pamakhala mopepuka;
- Gologolo wa Motley (Sciurus variegatoides). Kutalika kwa thupi sikupitirira masentimita 22-34, ndipo mchira uli mkati mwa masentimita 23-33. Ubweya ukhoza kukhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana;
- Gologolo wa Yucatan (Sciurus yucatanensis). Kutalika kwa thupi kumakhala mkati mwa 20-33 cm, ndipo mchira uli pamlingo wa masentimita 17 mpaka 19. Kumbuyo kwake, ubweyawo ndi wotuwa ndi utoto wakuda ndi yoyera. Mimbayo ndi yamchenga kapena imvi.
Komanso kuphunzira bwino Gologolo wa Arizona (Sciurus arizonensis), gologolo collier (Sciurus colliaei) ndi Gologolo wa ku Japan (Sciurus lis).
Malo okhala, malo okhala
Gologolo wa Abert amapezeka m'nkhalango za coniferous kumwera chakumadzulo kwa United States ndipo amadziwikanso m'malo ambiri ku Mexico. Agologolo agulugulu amapezeka ku South America, omwe amakhala kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Argentina, amakhala ku Brazil, Guyana, Suriname ndi Venezuela, komwe amapezeka m'nkhalango ndi m'mapaki am'mizinda.
Agologolo a ku Persian ndi omwe amapezeka ku Caucasus Isthmus ndi Middle East, amakhala ku Transcaucasia, Asia Minor ndi Asia Minor, Iran, zilumba za Gokceada ndi Lesbos mu Nyanja ya Aegean. Agologolo a ku Arizona amapezeka kumapiri a pakati pa Arizona, komanso ku Mexico Sonora komanso kumadzulo kwa New Mexico. Agologolo amimba agolide amakondedwa kumwera ndi kum'mawa kwa Mexico ndipo amakhalanso ku Guatemala. Mitunduyi idabweretsedwa ku Florida Keys. Makoswe amapezeka m'malo otsika mpaka 3800 m komanso m'matauni.
Ndizosangalatsa! Agologolo a Caroline ndi omwe amakhala kum'mawa kwa North America, amakhala kumadzulo kwa mtsinje wa Mississippi mpaka kumalire akumpoto kwa Canada.
Gologolo wamtundu wakumadzulo amagawidwa bwino pagombe lakumadzulo kwa America, kuphatikiza zigawo za Washington, California ndi Oregon. Anthu ochepa amapezeka m'malo omwe ali ndi nkhalango ku Nevada. Agologolo a Yucatan ndi omwe amayimira nyama za ku Peninsula ya Yucatan, ndipo anthu ena amakhala m'nkhalango zowirira zaku Mexico, Guatemala ndi Belize.
Agologolo a Collier amapezeka ku Mexico, kufalikira, koma ndi anthu ochepa. Mtundu uwu umapezeka nthawi zambiri m'nkhalango zowirira kwambiri komanso m'malo otentha, komanso kufupi ndi gombe lonse la Pacific. Belka Deppa imapezeka ku Costa Rica, Belize, El Salvador, Honduras ndi Guatemala, Nicaragua ndi Mexico, ndipo gologoloyu ndi wofala ku North America.
Agologolo amtundu wachikasu amapezeka ku South America. Makoswe ang'onoang'onowa amakhala kumpoto kwa Brazil, Guyana ndi Venezuela. Oimira mitundu ya mapuloteni aku Bolivia amapezeka m'malo otentha ku Brazil ndi Bolivia, Colombia ndi Argentina, komanso ku Peru. Agologolo a ku Japan amapezeka kuzilumba za Japan, pomwe agologolo a Nayarite amapezeka kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Arizona ndi Mexico.
Zakudya zamapuloteni
Mitundu yonse yamapuloteni makamaka imangodya zakudya zamasamba zomwe zili ndi mafuta, mapuloteni komanso chakudya. Nthawi yovuta kwambiri ya mbewa yobiriwira imabwera kumayambiriro kwa masika, pomwe mbewu zomwe zidayikidwa mdzinja zimayamba kumera ndipo sizingagwiritsidwenso ntchito ndi nyama ngati chakudya. M'miyezi yamasika, agologolo amayamba kudyera masamba amitengo yosiyanasiyana.
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti mapuloteni si nyama zowononga kwambiri ndipo ndi omnivorous. Kuphatikiza pa mbewu, mtedza, bowa ndi zipatso, komanso mitundu yonse yobiriwira yobiriwira, nyama zotere zimatha kudyetsa tizilombo, mazira ngakhale mbalame zazing'ono, komanso achule. Nthawi zambiri, chakudya choterechi chimadziwika ndi agologolo omwe amakhala kumayiko otentha.
Ziweto zoweta zimadya
- bowa watsopano komanso wowuma;
- nyemba zamtundu;
- mtedza;
- ziphuphu;
- zipatso zakupsa;
- zipatso zokoma;
- mphukira, masamba, makungwa a mtengo;
- zosakaniza zapadera za makoswe.
Agologolo amayenera kuti ndi nyama zanzeru kwambiri, chifukwa chake, pafupi ndi malo okhala, amatha kugwiritsa ntchito chakudya kuchokera kwa odyetsa mbalame kuti adye, ndipo nthawi zina amakhazikika muzipinda zapadenga. Kawirikawiri, makoswe ang'onoang'ono oterewa amadziwika ngati tizilombo toononga mbewu.
Komabe, mtedza amaonedwa kuti ndi mankhwala omwe amakonda kwambiri agologolo. Nyamayo imathamangitsa timizere tiwiri tating'onoting'ono kumalo kumene mtedzawo umalumikizidwa ndi nthambi. Kupindika kwa magawo awiri a nsagwada yakumunsi, yolumikizidwa ndi minofu yotanuka, kumayambitsa kusiyana pang'ono kwa incisors mbali zosiyanasiyana, chifukwa chake mtedzawo umagawika pakati.
Kubereka ndi ana
Kumtchire, mwachilengedwe, agologolo amabala ana awiri mchaka, ndipo m'ngalande iliyonse, ana awiri mpaka khumi amabadwa. Kutalika kwa mimba kwa akazi a agologolo osiyanasiyana kumasiyana kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, mu gologolo wamba, ana amabadwa pafupifupi masiku 22-39, ndipo agologolo agulu amabadwa pafupifupi mwezi ndi theka.
Agologolo ndi amayi okhudza mtima kwambiri, odekha komanso osamala. Amuna samvera chidwi agologolo obadwa, onse mu ukapolo komanso mwachilengedwe. Ana obadwa akhungu ndi amaliseche nthawi yomweyo azunguliridwa ndi kutentha kwa amayi ndikudya mkaka wawo. Nthawi iliyonse, itasiya chisa chake, chachikazi chiyenera kuphimba agologolo ake onse pabedi lofewa.
Adani achilengedwe
Adani achilengedwe a agologolo achilengedwe amadikirira kanyama kakang'ono pansi, amathanso kubisala m'masamba kapena kuyang'ana nyama yomwe ikuthawa, kuchokera kumwamba. Nyama nthawi zambiri zimasakidwa ndi mimbulu ndi nkhandwe. Komabe, nthawi zambiri nyama zolusa zimatha kugwira nyama zodwala komanso zofooka, komanso zazimayi kapena zoyamwitsa.
Ndizosangalatsa! Mitundu ina ya agologolo nthawi zambiri imasakidwa ndi cholinga chogwiritsa ntchito nyama ya makoswe ngati chakudya kapena kupewa kuwonongeka kwa mbewu mu chimanga ndi mbewu zina.
Gologolo wa ku Persian amasakidwa ndi nkhalango ndi miyala yamatenda, ndipo agologolo obadwa kumene ambiri awonongedwa ndi weasel. Adani oopsa a agologolo pafupifupi onse akadzidzi ndi goshawk, komanso mphaka wamkulu komanso amphaka amtchire kapena oweta. Komabe, monga momwe kuwonera kwakanthawi kukuwonetsera, zolusa zoterezi sizingakhale ndi gawo lalikulu paziwombankhanga m'chilengedwe.
Chiwerengero cha agologolo a ku Arizona nawonso ndi ochepa. Mtundu wamtundu uwu umagawana gawo lomweli ndi wachibale wapafupi kwambiri, Abert squirrel, zomwe zimayambitsa mpikisano wamphamvu pankhani yopeza chakudya. Nyama zomwe zikulimbana ndi nyama zosasamba bwino, zomwe zimasokoneza kwambiri kusaka kwawo chakudya, zimaphatikizaponso chipmunks ndi mbewa, zimbalangondo ndi osatulutsa, hares ndi mbalame. Pampikisano woopsa wazakudya, agologolo ambiri achikulire, komanso nyama zazing'ono, amafa.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Zinyama zamfulu ndizosangalatsa kwa alenje ambiri omwe amawona mbewa ngati mbewa ngati gwero la ubweya wamtengo wapatali. Gologolo wa Allen tsopano ali pachiwopsezo cha kutha kwathunthu, komwe kumachitika chifukwa chodula mitengo ndi kusaka, chifukwa chake mitunduyi imagawidwa kokha ku Cumbers de Monterey National Park. Chiwerengero cha gologolo wa ku Persia ndi chotsika kwambiri ndipo chimasinthidwa pakusintha kwachilengedwe, komwe kumadalira biotope. Gologolo wakuda waku Delmarvian nawonso ali pachiwopsezo cha kutha kwathunthu, ndipo gologolo wamba wamba adaphatikizidwa kale mu Red Book.
