Chifukwa chophweka kwambiri komanso mawonekedwe a phlegmatic, mbewa yamtendere iyi imatha kukhala chiweto chabwino. Zinthu ziwiri zimasokoneza: capybara ndi yayikulu kwambiri kuti munthu sangakhale munyumba ndipo sangakhale popanda dziwe (dziwe kapena dziwe).
Kufotokozera kwa Capybara
Nkhumba yamadzi ndi dzina lasayansi lodziwika bwino la capybara.... Aborigine aku South ndi Central America amatcha caprinta mosiyanasiyana - caprincho, poncho, corpincho, capigua ndi chiguire. Amakhulupirira kuti rodent idalandira dzina lolondola kwambiri kuchokera ku mafuko aku Tupi aku Brazil, omwe amamutcha "wakudya udzu woonda" (capybara).
Maonekedwe
Wolemba Chingerezi Gerald Durrell anayerekezera mbewa (ndi mawu odekha pakamwa pake) ndi mkango wokazinga, osayiwala kuwonjezera kuti capybara, mosiyana ndi mfumu ya nyama, ndi nyama yosadya bwino.
Tikudabwitsabe kuti uyu wodya za m'madzi amatha bwanji kupeza mbiri yotere (motsutsana ndi mbewa zina): amuna amalemera makilogalamu 54-63, akazi amalemera makilogalamu 62 mpaka 74. Koma awa si malire - amadziwika kuti mkazi mmodzi adya mpaka 81, wachiwiri - mpaka 91 kg.
Kutalika kwa kufota kumafanana ndi kwa galu wamkulu ndikufikira masentimita 50-62. Capybara ili ndi mutu wokulirapo wokhala ndi mphuno pafupifupi, wokhala ndi makutu abwino, mphuno zazing'ono zopingasa komanso maso ang'onoang'ono.
Nyamayo ili ndi mano 20, owopsa kwambiri omwe ndi ma incisors owoneka bwino owoneka ngati lalanje omwe amafanana ndi zolembera zakuthwa. Mano opanda masaya amakula m'moyo wonse. Lilime, chifukwa cha ma tubercles ambiri, limawoneka lakuda.
Ndizosangalatsa! Chovala cha capybara ndi cholimba komanso cholimba, chimakula mpaka 3-12 cm, koma sichikhala ndi malaya amkati. Chifukwa chakumapeto kwake, khungu la mbewa limayaka pansi pano, ndichifukwa chake capybara nthawi zambiri imagona m'matope.
Capybara imawoneka ngati mbiya yodzaza ndi ubweya, yothandizidwa ndi rump yayikulu yopanda mchira. Pa miyendo yakutsogolo pali zala zinayi zamphamvu komanso zazitali zolumikizidwa ndi mamvekedwe osambira, pa miyendo yakumbuyo pali itatu.
Ziwalo zoberekera zakunja kwa amuna ndi akazi zimabisika pansi pa thumba la kumatako. Mtundu wa thupi umayambira ku mabokosi ofiira mpaka ofiira, koma mimba nthawi zonse imakhala yopepuka, nthawi zambiri imakhala yofiirira. Nyama zina zimakhala ndi mabala akuda pankhope zawo. Ma capybaras achichepere amakhala owala nthawi zonse kuposa abale awo achikulire.
Malo okhala, malo okhala
Capybara ndi wachilengedwe ku Central ndi South America, kuphatikiza Brazil, Venezuela, Colombia (kummawa), Peru, Ecuador, Paraguay, Bolivia, Uruguay, Argentina (kumpoto chakum'mawa), Panama ndi Guyana.
Capybara imakonda madera am'mphepete mwa mitsinje, madambo, nyanja ndi malo opangira okhala ndi pistia ndi hyacinth yamadzi. Amakhalanso m'nkhalango za Chaco, malo odyetserako ziweto (okhala ndi nkhumba zala / udzu waku Guinea) ndi malo olimapo, nkhalango zowuma komanso malo osefukira
Rentent imapezeka pamapiri (mpaka 1300 m), komanso pamadothi amchere komanso madzi, kuphatikiza madambo a mangrove... Mkhalidwe waukulu ndi kupezeka kwa dziwe lotseguka pafupi (osapitilira theka la kilomita).
Moyo
Moyo wonse wa capybara umakhala m'madzi - apa umathetsa ludzu ndi njala, kubereka, kupumula ndikuwongolera kutentha kwa thupi, osayiwala kutuluka m'matope.
Makoswe amapanga magulu am'magulu (nyama 10-20), yofanana ndi azimayi: wamwamuna wamphamvu, azimayi angapo okhwima ogonana omwe ali ndi ana ndi amuna, mosagwirizana ndi udindo wopatsa inseminator mtsogoleri. Otsatirawa, akumva mpikisano, nthawi zambiri amathamangitsa anzawo, ndichifukwa chake amuna 5-10% amakhala ngati ziweto.
Capybaras (onse amuna ndi akazi) aphatikizana ndi tiziwalo tating'onoting'ono pafupi ndi anus, zomwe zimatulutsa fungo labwino kwa munthu aliyense. Ndipo chinsinsi chomwe chimapangidwa ndi chonunkhiritsa cha champhongo chikuwonetsa komwe ali mgululi.
Dera la mahekitala 1-10 (ndipo nthawi zina mahekitala 200) okhala ndi gulu limadziwika ndi kutulutsa kwa m'mphuno ndi kumatako, komabe, mikangano yapachiweniweni imachitika. Mwa njira, kulimbana kwa utsogoleri m'gulu limodzi sikumatha, koma mathero oterewa ndi otheka ngati amuna ochokera m'magulu osiyanasiyana akumenya nkhondo.
M'nyengo yamvula, ma capybaras amabalalika kudera lalikulu, koma chilala chimakakamiza ng'ombe kuti zizisonkhana pagombe ndi m'mbali mwa nyanja. Pakadali pano, ma capybaras mazana ambiri amasonkhana mozungulira dziwe, nthawi zina amapambana makilomita opitilira 1,000 kufunafuna chinyezi chopatsa moyo.
M'mawa, nyamazo zimakhala pamphepete mwa madzi. Dzuwa lotentha limawapititsa m'madzi osaya kapena m'matope. Nkhumba zam'madzi a Burrow sizikumba, koma zimagona pansi... Nthawi zina mumatha kuwona momwe ma capybaras amatengera mawonekedwe a agalu, atakhala m'chiuno.
Amasiyana ndi makoswe ena pakakhala kuti sangathe kugwira chakudya chawo ndi mawoko awo akutsogolo. Kuchuluka kwa ntchito kumawonedwa pambuyo pa 4 koloko madzulo komanso madzulo, pambuyo pa 20:00. Capybaras sagona pang'ono, amadzuka pakati pausiku kuti adzitsitsimutse.
Tidadziwa mitundu iwiri yoyenda pansi - kusuntha komanso kuthamanga. Zikakhala zoopsa, amasiya mdaniwo ndikulumpha mwachangu. Capybaras ndi osambira abwino kwambiri, mothandizidwa ndi ziwalo zophatikizana komanso mafuta owoneka bwino owonjezera mphamvu.
Capybaras imatha kukuwa, kukuwa, kuuwa, kuimba mluzu, kukuwa, kukuwa, kukuwa ndi kukukuta mano.
Ndizosangalatsa! Kufuula, monga kukuwa, amagwiritsa ntchito kuchenjeza gulu lowopsa, ndikufuula ngati akumva kupweteka kapena kuda nkhawa. Polumikizana ndi achibadwa, amatulutsa mawu akungodina, ndipo kukukuta mano nthawi zambiri kumayendera mikangano pakati pa amuna.
Capybaras, zomwe zimasungidwa mu ukapolo, zaphunzira kupempha chakudya ndikumveka kofanana ndi kaphokoso.
Utali wamoyo
Nkhumba zam'madzi zolowa m'malo osungira nyama kapena eni ake pawokha zimawonetsa kutalika kwa moyo kuposa nyama zomwe zimakhala kuthengo. Akapolo amakhala zaka 10-12, ndi ma capybaras aulere - kuyambira zaka 6 mpaka 10.
Chakudya, kapybara zakudya
Capybaras ndi nyama zodyera zomwe zimaphatikizira muzakudya zawo mitundu yambiri yazomera (makamaka zamapuloteni). Chakudya chachilengedwe cha capybaras ndi:
- Zomera zam'madzi (Hymenachne amplexicaulis, Reimarochloa acuta, Panicum laxum ndi Rice Leersia);
- zitsamba zapachaka Paratheria prostrata;
- mitundu yolimbana ndi chilala ya axonopus ndi Sporobolus indicus;
- sedge (kumapeto kwa nyengo yamvula);
- khungwa ndi zipatso za mitengo;
- nkhumba, oxalis ndi crabgrass;
- udzu ndi tubers.
Nkhumba zamadzi nthawi zambiri zimayendayenda m'minda ndi nzimbe, tirigu ndi mavwende, ndichifukwa chake makoswe amalembedwa ngati tizirombo taulimi.
Khalani opikisana nawo pazodyetsa ziweto panthawi yachilala... Ma caprophages ndi ma coprophages omwe amadya ndowe zawo, zomwe zimathandiza nyama kugaya mapadi omwe amadyetsa.
Kuswana capybara
Capybaras amakonda zosangalatsa zachaka chonse, ngakhale amakwatirana nthawi zambiri kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yamvula, yomwe imachitika mu Epulo / Meyi ku Venezuela ndi Okutobala / Novembala ku Brazil.
Pokonzekera kubereka, theka lachimuna limakopa anzawo, ndikulemba zomera zomwe zili mozungulira ndi zinsinsi zawo. Kuzungulira kwachikazi kumatha masiku 7-9, pomwe gawo lolandila limangokhala maola 8 okha.
Amuna amathamangira akazi, okhwima kuti awonongeke, poyamba pamtunda, kenako m'madzi osaya. Mkazi atangoyima, mnzakeyo amalowa kumbuyo, ndikupanga ma jerks amphamvu 6-10. Nthawi zambiri, wamkazi amatha kulumikizana mpaka 20 osasokonezedwa (ndi m'modzi kapena osiyana nawo).
Kubala kumatenga masiku 150... Ambiri amabadwa mu Seputembala-Novembala. Mkazi, monga lamulo, amabereka kamodzi pachaka, koma kubadwa mobwerezabwereza ndizotheka, ngati adani samasokoneza ndipo pali chakudya chochuluka mozungulira.
Capybara imaloledwa kuchoka pamtolo wa Spartan, pansi, ndikubereka 2 mpaka 8 toothy, yokutidwa ndi ubweya ndi ana openya kwathunthu, iliyonse yomwe imakoka 1.5 kg. Ziweto zazikazi zimaweta ana, ndipo mayi amadyetsa anawo mkaka mpaka miyezi 3-4, ngakhale atangobadwa amadzitengera okha udzu.
Uchembere mu capybaras umachitika miyezi 15-18, akamadya makilogalamu 30 mpaka 40.
Adani achilengedwe
Capybaras, ngakhale ali ndi mawonekedwe ochititsa chidwi, alibe owerengeka ochepa ofuna. Pamndandanda wa adani achilengedwe a capybara:
- ziwombankhanga;
- nyamazi;
- caimans;
- ocelots;
- ng'ona;
- agalu amtchire;
- anacondas.
Agalu amphaka amakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu pakukula kwamakoswe, omwe amasakidwanso ndi mbalame zodya nyama zam'mimba, makamaka American black catarta. Capybaras aphunzira kuthana ndi adani pansi, ndikusiya mphuno zawo zokha kuti zipume.
Mwamunayo adalinso ndi gawo lochepetsa nkhumba zam'madzi, kuzipha kuti zikhale nyama (yofanana ndi nkhumba), zotchingira (zogwiritsa ntchito zodzikongoletsera) ndi chikopa (cha haberdashery).
Ndizosangalatsa! Pafupifupi zaka 300 zapitazo, Tchalitchi cha Katolika chidazindikira capybara ... ngati nsomba kuti anthu akumpingo azidya nyama yake popanda zoletsa munthawi ya Lent. Pambuyo pake chisankho chopanda pake chidaletsedwa.
Masiku ano, ma capybaras amapangidwa m'mafamu aku Latin America kuti atenge nyama, khungu ndi mafuta ochepera (popanga mankhwala). Makoswe amtchire omwe akuyenda kuthengo nthawi zambiri amagwa pansi pa dzanja lotentha la alimi omwe sakhutitsidwa ndi kususuka kwa obera.
Kusunga capybara kunyumba
Chotupitsa chabwino ichi chimayamikiridwa kwambiri - nazale zapadera zimapereka ma capybaras pamtengo wa ma ruble zikwi 120 ndi zina zambiri... Ngakhale kufatsa kwachitsanzo komanso ukhondo wangwiro, ndi anthu olemera okha okha omwe ali ndi nyumba yawo yakunyumba omwe amatha kukhala ndi capybara.
Muyenera kumanga khola lalikulu lotseguka ndi tchire ndikufalitsa (dziwe kapena dziwe), ndipo nthawi yozizira - nyumba yosungidwa. Ndi bwino kutema wamwamuna (wopanda wamkazi), popeza, atakula msinkhu, azizunza mbuye wake mosalekeza. Mu ukapolo, menyu ya capybara imasiyanasiyana chifukwa chakuphatikizidwa:
- zipatso / ndiwo zamasamba;
- zitsamba ndi udzu;
- chakudya chowuma cha galu ndi zakudya zamzitini;
- granules kwa makoswe.
Zofunika!Pofuna kugaya incisors, pamafunika kuyika nthambi za msondodzi kapena za birch pafupipafupi.
Mwambiri, capybara ndiyabwino pantchito ya chiweto: imayenda pa leash ndipo imaphunzitsanso zidule zosavuta. Capybara wowetedwa nthawi zambiri amapempha chikondi ndipo amakonda kukwapulidwa m'mimba, nthawi zambiri amagona nthawi yomweyo.
