Imodzi mwa mitundu yofala kwambiri ya nsombazi ndi katran. Padziko lonse lapansi amatchedwa mosiyana - Black Sea prickly shark, maliseche komanso galu wam'nyanja. Siziika pachiwopsezo kwa anthu.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Katran - uwu ndi mtundu wawung'ono wa shark, womwe kutalika kwake kumafikira pang'ono kupitirira mita imodzi ndi theka, ndikulemera mpaka 12 kg. Nthawi zina pamakhala zitsanzo zazikulu. Ngati mungayerekezere katrana pachithunzichi ndi sturgeon, mutha kupeza zofanana zambiri.
Kapangidwe ka matupi ndi mawonekedwe ataliatali akuwonetsa kukhala a gulu lomwelo. Pakati pa zipsepse zakunja ndi zam'mbuyo, zonse ziwiri zimakhala ndi zoterera zomwe zimafikira kukula kwa zipsepsezo. Komanso notchord, yomwe imasungidwa m'moyo wonse.
Katran ndi wosambira wabwino wokhala ndi thupi locheperako. Amadziwika kuti ndi abwino kwambiri pa nsomba zazikulu. Imayenda mwachangu m'madzi chifukwa cha mchira wake, womwe, ngati phala, umathandizira kulimba m'madzi. Chingwe chamatope ndi zipsepse zazikulu zimathandizira kupanga mayendedwe oscillatory ndikuwonjezera kuthamanga.
Thupi la katran, lomwe ndi loyenera kusaka, limakutidwa ndi masikelo ofiira otuwa ndi mano ambiri akuthwa. Pafupifupi palibe mafupa mthupi la nsombazi, pali mafupa okhaokha, omwe amalola kuti izikhala yolimba komanso yopepuka. Mafupawa amathandizanso kwambiri kuti muchepetse zolemera zam'madzi, mosasamala kanthu za msinkhu wawo.
Pamwamba pa maso, pali timitengo ting'onoting'ono ta nthambi za filamentous. Amatchedwa masamba. Shark, monga oimira ena, ali ndi pakamwa lalikulu, lowongoka ngati kachigawo ndi mizere ingapo ya mano ofanana ndi mano. Ndi ma vertex amodzi ndipo amakonzedwa m'mizere ingapo.
Amamuthandiza, ngati mlenje wabwino, kuti athane ndi nyama nthawi yomweyo ndipo ndiye chida chachikulu. Amayesetsa kutafuna nyamayo ndi mano ambiri, koma osameza yonse. Mano ndi chiwalo chokha chomwe chimapangidwa ndi mafupa. Thupi lonse ndi chichereĊµechereĊµe ndi nyama.
Katrana nthawi zambiri amatchedwa galu wam'nyanja kapena prickly shark.
Sharkiyo siyimeza nyamayo yonse, koma imatafuna mosamala ndi mano ambiri. Maso ndi aakulu, ngati mabatani agalasi. Ali ndi maso abwino. Imasiyana ndi nsomba zina chifukwa ilibe chindapusa cha kumatako ndi ma gill. Makhalidwe ogonana samafotokozedwa bwino, amatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi kukula - mkazi nthawi zonse amawoneka wokulirapo kuposa wamwamuna.
Katran shark amadziwika kuti samatha kuzindikira kupweteka konse. Amatha kugwira mafupipafupi a infrasound ndikusiyanitsa fungo. Chifukwa cha kutseguka kwa mphuno kulowa mkamwa, imatha kuzindikira kununkhira kwa wovulalayo mtsogolo, yomwe imamupatsa mantha. Amatha kununkhiza magazi kwa ma kilomita ambiri.
Mtundu wakuda wakumbuyo, mbali ndi utoto wonyezimira wamimba umamuthandiza kuti adzibise pansi pa nyanja. Izi zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yosawoneka m'madzi. Nthawi zina pamakhala mitundu yaimvi - yachitsulo yokhala ndi mawanga ambiri amdima. Imayendetsa bwino malo amadzi. Chingwe chotsatira chothandizira chimamuthandiza pa izi, kulola kuti nsombayo imve kugwedezeka pang'ono kwamadzi.
Pakati pa nsombazi, katran imakhala yaying'ono kwambiri
Mitundu
Katran ndi woimira wotchuka ngati katran ndipo ndi wa banja la spiny shark. Ndiwo achiwiri potengera kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa mitundu yonse. Amadziwika kuti ndi imodzi mwamadzi otetezedwa komanso ochepa kwambiri.
Mbali yawo yayikulu ndikuti kulibe chimbudzi chakumaso ndi kukhalapo kwa awiri akuthwa. Nsombazi zimapuma mothandizidwa ndi ma gill. Malongosoledwe oyamba amtunduwu adapangidwa ndi wasayansi Karl Liney pakati pa zaka za zana la 18.
Pali mitundu yoposa 25. Mwa iwo:
- shark agalu;
- Katran waku Japan;
- kum'mwera katran;
- Shaki yotchedwa spiny shark;
- katran wamphongo lalifupi;
- mdima wakuda katran;
- nsombazi Shark Mitskuri.
Kutengera ndi malo okhala, ali ndi kagulu kawo.
Black Sea shark katran - Izi ndi mitundu yokhayo yomwe imakhala ku Europe gawo la Russian Federation. Amakhala zaka mazana ambiri mdera la Black Sea. Chifukwa cha nyengo yozizira komanso chakudya chochuluka, nsomba zimamva bwino. Mu Nyanja Yakuda amatha kupezeka pamtunda ndi makulidwe ake. Koma mtundu uwu wa nsombazi umapezeka munyanja ndi m'nyanja zina, zimangokhala kuti anthu ambiri amakhala akuda.
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Katran amakhala pafupifupi ponseponse pamadzi padziko lapansi. Amakhala pafupi ndi gombe lakuya pang'ono. Sakonda kukhala m'madzi ozizira kwambiri kapena ofunda kwambiri.
Habitat - ufumu wa mdima wandiweyani wamadzi. Amakonda kuya kwa mamita 100 mpaka 200. Ngati madzi ayamba kuzirala, ndiye kuti amakwera pamwamba pomwepo. Sakonda kutentha kozizira sikulola kuti azisambira m'mbali mwa Antarctica komanso pamwamba pa chilumba cha Scandinavia.
Zitha kuwoneka pamwamba usiku. Nyama zam'madzi zimamvanso bwino m'madzi amchere komanso amchere. Thupi lake limapanga njira yothetsera madzi amchere.
Nthawi zambiri, mumatha kupeza nsomba:
- m'nyanja ya Pacific;
- Nyanja ya Indian;
- Nyanja ya Mediterranean;
- Nyanja Yakuda;
- kuchokera kugombe la Atlantic;
- kuchokera kugombe lakumwera kwa New Zealand ndi Australia;
- kuchokera kugombe la Europe ndi Asia.
Kumbuyo kwa katran kuli minga yokhala ndi ntchofu zakupha
Amakhala wolimba mtima kwambiri ndipo amakhala womasuka monsemu Black and in the Bering, Barents ndi Okhotsk nyanja. Nthawi zina amasambira kulowa mu White Sea. Ngakhale Katran amakonda kukhala pafupi ndi gombe, amatha kuyenda maulendo ataliatali kuti akapeze chakudya. Pofunafuna agalu am'nyanja amatha kuwononga nsomba zamalonda, kuwononga maukonde, ndi kudziluma. Chifukwa chake, anthu sawakonda.
Sangalatsidwa ndi ndi katran katran owopsa kwa munthu, ndiye kuti palibe milandu yomwe yadziwika kuti angawukire ngati angakhudzidwe. Ndi mtundu wamtendere womwe suwopseza. Samakhudza anthu m'madzi.
Koma, ngati mutayesera kuigwira kumchira kapena kuipweteka, imatha kuluma. Ndizowopsa kuigwira chifukwa chakupezeka kwa minga yakuthwa yomwe imatha kukuvulazani. Kuphatikiza apo, amatulutsa ntchofu zakupha, zomwe, zikafika m'magazi amunthu, zimatha kutupa kwambiri.
Nyamayo imatha kupezeka kuti ili pangozi ndipo imakhala mbalame zazikulu. Zinyanja zimakonda kumuukira. Atakweza nsombazi pamwamba pamadzi, amapita nazo kumtunda mwachangu, ndipo kuti azivutikanso kuzisinja pambuyo pake, amamenya miyala.
Mdani wina wa nsombazi ndi nsomba ya hedgehog. Kamodzi pakhosi, imakanirira m'menemo ikumamatira singano, chifukwa chake nsombazi zimatha kufa ndi njala. Komabe, choopsa chachikulu kwa katran ndi nsomba zolusa, namgumi wakupha. Ikaukira nsombazi, imayesetsa kuti izigwetse kumbuyo kuti zikhale zosavuta kulimbana ndi nyama yomwe yagwidwa.
Zimakhudza kuchuluka kwa mitundu ya zamoyo ndi munthu amene akugwiritsa ntchito nyama ndipo shark chiwindi katran chakudya. Nyama ya Katran ndi yokoma, yokoma kwambiri komanso yathanzi. Mosiyana ndi nsomba zina, ilibe fungo la ammonia. Amakhala wokwera pamsika kuposa nyama yaming'onoting'ono ndipo siotsika kuposa ma sturgeon pakulawa.
Zakudya zabwino
Katran shark sangatchulidwe kuti ndi nyama yoopsa, koma m'malo omwe amapezeka kwambiri, kuwonongeka kwakukulu kumachitika chifukwa cha kusodza. Nsomba zamalonda zimawonongedwa. Katran, monga nsomba zonse, amakhala wolimba mtima komanso amakhala ndi njala nthawi zonse.
Izi ndichifukwa choti kuti apume, amafunika kukhala akuyenda nthawi zonse. Izi zimafunikira mphamvu zambiri, zomwe amalowa m'malo mwa chakudya chosatha. Kuti akwaniritse njala, imasaka nsomba zazing'ono komanso zazing'ono, zomwe zimapangitsa moyo kusukulu. Zitha kukhala:
- sprats;
- nsomba ya makerele;
- cod,
- Salimoni;
- njala;
- hering'i;
- fulonda;
- nkhanu;
- udzu wam'madzi;
- sikwidi;
- anemone.
Ngati kulibe nsomba zokwanira kudya, nsombazi zimadya: jellyfish, octopus, shrimps, nkhanu, algae. Asayansi apeza kuti ma katrans amathanso kupanga magulu osaka anyani a dolphin. Otsatirawa amakhala ocheperako pomwe pali nsomba zambiri.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Katrana amadziwika kuti ndi wazaka zana. Zaka zamoyo zimakhala pafupifupi zaka 25. Amatanthauza mitundu ya nsomba za ovoviviparous. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mazira awo amapangidwa, koma osasungidwa. Amuna amakula msinkhu pofika zaka 11. Pakadali pano ali ndi kutalika pafupifupi 1 mita.
Amayi amakula pang'ono pambuyo pake - pofika zaka 20. Nyengo yakukhwimitsa imachitika mchaka. Njira yopangira mazira imachitika kudzera mukukhwima kwamkati. Pachifukwa ichi, ma katrans amapita mpaka kuya kwa mita 40. Zotsatira zake, mazira amawonekera m'mayendedwe a mkazi. Amabwera pafupifupi 4 cm m'mimba mwake. Ali mu makapisozi mpaka miyezi 22. Iyi ndi nthawi yayitali kwambiri pakati pa asaka onse.
Njira yobadwirayi imathandizira kukulira kwa anthu a Katran. Amalola kuteteza mwachangu kuimfa pamayendedwe a roe. Munthu akhoza kubereka mpaka 20 nthawi imodzi. Amabadwa mchaka. Kukula kwa shark katran pakubadwa kumakhala masentimita 25 - 27. M'masiku oyamba kudya mwachangu kuchokera mu yolk sac, komwe amapatsidwa michere.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, makanda safuna chisamaliro chapadera ndi chakudya. Iwo ali okonzeka kutsogoza moyo wamba wa nsomba. Chinthu chokha chomwe mkazi amawachitira ndi kusankha malo obadwira ana m'madzi osaya. Izi zimawapangitsa kukhala kosavuta kwa iwo kupeza chakudya monga mwachangu ndi nkhanu. Fry ikakula ndikulimba, amake amawatengera kumalo akuya komwe kumakhala nsomba zazikulu.
Zosangalatsa
Shark sasintha mano awo, zatsopano zimamera m'malo mwa zomwe zagwa. Akatolika amatchedwa kuti amuna okhaokha. Amayang'ana nthawi yayitali wokhala ndi mkazi mmodzi. Mwamuna aliyense, atasankha wokwatirana naye, ali ndi ufulu wokhala ndi mkazi yekha. Ili ndi munga waukulu, womwe umadulidwa, ngati mtengo, pali mphete zapachaka zomwe zimatsimikizira zaka.
Masikelo amafanana ndi timasamba ting'onoting'ono kwambiri, koma amatenga nthawi yayitali. Nthawi zina Katrans amaphedwa chifukwa chofunafuna chikopa chawo, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza nkhuni. Ku Canada mzaka za m'ma 50 zapitazo, boma lidakhazikitsa mphotho zakuwononga mtundu uwu. Chifukwa chake chinali kuwonongeka kwakukulu pantchito yosodza.
Katran inali nsomba yoyamba kugwidwa chifukwa cha mafuta a nsomba. Amapanga nyengo zosamuka zomwe zimatsatira malamulo okhwima. Shark amapanga masukulu akulu, ogawika m'magulu amuna ndi akazi komanso kukula.
Mukamayendetsa, imatha kukhala yothamanga kwambiri, koma sigwira ntchito kuti muchepetse kwambiri. Chakudya chamtengo wapatali kwambiri cha nsombazi ndi msuzi wokoma, womwe umatchulidwa mu Guinness Book of Records. Amaphika kuchokera kumapiko. Asanamenyane ndi wozunzidwayo, amaphunzira, ndikupanga mabwalo mozungulira ndipo amamuwukira ngati wovutayo afooka.
Mphamvu ya chiwindi cha spiny shark ndi yayikulu, yomwe imakololedwa ngati gwero lofunikira la mafuta a nsomba ndi mavitamini A ndi D. Chiwerengero cha zinthuzi chimaposa mtundu wa cod.
M'mayiko akumpoto, amagwiritsa ntchito mazira a katran, omwe amakhala ndi mapuloteni ambiri kuposa mazira a nkhuku. Zakudya zakum'mawa zimakonda nyama za katran. Mutha kuwira, mwachangu, kusuta. Iwo ntchito yokonza yachiwiri maphunziro, balyk, zamzitini chakudya, ufa, kanyenya ndi nyama yang'ombe.
Mu mankhwala, mankhwala amapangidwa kuchokera ku cartilage kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda am'mafupa. Zinthu zomata zomwe zimapezeka mumtsempha, zipsepse, ndi mafupa a mutu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga guluu.
Katran, nsombazi zomwe siziukira anthu poyamba
Mapeto
Katran ndi cholengedwa chodabwitsa cham'nyanja chomwe chapulumuka kuyambira nthawi zakale. Pakati pa algae wandiweyani, imatha kuyenda mosavuta komanso mokoma. Izi sizinsomba zokha zomwe ndizosangalatsa kuziwona, komanso chakudya chamtengo wapatali, mosiyana ndi ziwombankhanga zina zofananira.
Kugwira kwake kwakukulu m'mbali mwa nyanja ya Atlantic kwathetsedwa. Ngakhale zili choncho, katran ikuchepa ndipo pakadali pano ili pamndandanda wazinyama zomwe zikuwopsezedwa kuti zitha.
