Chachikulu kwambiri komanso cholimba kwambiri pakati pa zimbalangondo mosakayikira ndi "mfumu yakumayiko akumpoto" chimbalangondo, kapena polar. Ngakhale sakugwirizana ndi tanthauzo la "mfumu". M'malo mwake, mbuye. Iye molimba akungoyendayenda expanses achisanu ndi kubweretsa bata. Chilombocho ndi chanzeru, chodzikongoletsa, ndipo ndi cha nyama zolusa kwambiri padziko lapansi.
Kuyambira ndili mwana, timakumbukira zojambula zabwino kwambiri za Umka chimbalangondo. Ndipo ambiri sakudziwa kuti "umka" ndi Chukchi "wamkulu wamphongo wamphongo wamphongo". Amatchedwanso "oshkuy" ndi "nanuk". Ndipo dzina lochokera ku Chilatini "Ursus martimus" ndi "sea bear". Limafotokoza chimodzi mwazikhalidwe zake zabwino. Iye ndi wosambira wamkulu.
Kwa iwo omwe adapita ku Leningrad Zoo, sizikuwoneka zodabwitsa kuti chinyama ndi chizindikiro cha bungweli. Ndipamene zimapangidwira nyama izi, momwe zimatha kuberekana ndikukhala mwaulemu.
Chilombo ichi, pokhala chachikulu komanso champhamvu, ndipo nthawi zina chowopsa kwa anthu, chakhala cholemekezeka m'mabuku ambiri, nthano za anthu akumpoto, nkhani zaku Arctic ndi makanema. Tonse tiwerenge nkhani ya Jack London "The Tale of Kish", pomwe chilengedwe, chokhala ngati chimbalangondo chakumpoto, chimayamba kulimbana ndi munthu.
Malinga ndi nthano za a Eskimo, umu ndi momwe munthu amakulira, ndikusandulika munthu wosaka nyama. Ndipo chimbalangondo chimakhala chiwonetsero champhamvu zoopsa zachilengedwe kumeneko. Chithunzi chake chidapangidwa kuchokera kumtengo wamatabwa, wamfupa ndi walrus, ndipo fanoli, malinga ndi nthano, limabweretsa mwayi waukulu kubanja komanso thanzi lamphamvu.
Mmodzi mwa anthu olemba bwino kwambiri za ku Arctic, Vladimir Sanin, akufotokoza chithunzi chake choyamba cha nyama iyi motere: "Ndidatsegula hema, ndipo, nditakweza denga, panali chimbalangondo chachikulu kwambiri." Chimbalangondo chinapeza phindu kuchokera kwa anthu, ali ndi chidwi chambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri amayang'ana zinyalala. Ndipo zowopsa pamakulidwe awo kuposa machitidwe awo.
Chithunzi chake chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chizindikiro. Tonsefe timakonda maswiti a "Bear kumpoto" ndi chokoleti kuyambira ubwana. Chilombochi chimapangidwa pachithunzicho. Iye anali chimodzi mwazizindikiro za Sochi Winter Olimpiki mu 2014. Chithunzi chake chidagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati sitampu, komanso monga dzina la zipsera ku Europe, komanso ndalama zaku Canada ndi Austria. Amayendanso pa logo ya chipani cha United Russia.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Chimbalangondo ichi ndichachikulu kuposa mkango ndi kambuku kukula kwake. Kodi kuli kuti nyama zolusa zachilendo nyama yathu yaku Russia yaku polar! Kutalika kwake kumafika mamita atatu. Ngakhale nthawi zambiri 2-2.5 m. unyinji wa chimbalangondo pafupifupi theka la tani. Wamwamuna wamkulu amalemera makilogalamu 450-500. Akazi ndi ochepa kwambiri. Kulemera makilogalamu 200 mpaka 300. Kutalika kwa thupi kuchokera ku 1.3 mpaka 1.5 m.
Kutalika kwa nyama yayikulu nthawi zambiri kumafika mamita 1.4. Mphamvu zazikulu kwambiri za nyama zimagwirizana ndi miyeso imeneyi. Pali zitsanzo pafupipafupi pamene chimbalangondo chimanyamula mosavuta nyama yayikulu, mphalapala kapena walrus.
Choopsa kwambiri ndikutulutsa modabwitsa kwa chilombochi, komwe kumakhala kovuta kukhulupirira, poganizira kulemera kwake. Maonekedwe ake ndi osiyana ndi zimbalangondo zina. Choyamba, ndizoyera kwenikweni. M'malo mwake, ubweya wake umachokera ku zoyera mpaka zachikasu. Imakhala yowala nthawi yozizira, imakhala yachikaso pansi pa dzuwa nthawi yotentha.
Chimbalangondo cham'madzi pachithunzichi zimapezeka mochititsa chidwi kwambiri motsutsana ndi malo otseguka achibadwidwe. Maonekedwe ake pafupifupi amalumikizana ndi ma hummocks oundana, mphuno imodzi yakuda ndi maso zimawoneka mosiyana ndi mbiri yonse. Zimakhala zowonekeratu kuti mtundu woyera umapindulitsa nyama iyi.
Mosiyana ndi chimbalangondo wamba, ilibe thupi lolimba, koma "lothamanga" limodzi. Khosi lalitali, mutu wolimba, mphuno yayitali komanso yovuta. Pali umboni kuti amatha kumva kununkhira kwa nyamayo ngakhale pansi pa ayezi wosanjikiza mita.
Chilengedwe chimasamalira mowolowa manja "zovala" zake, chifukwa cha zovuta za polar. Chovala chake ndi chokulirapo komanso chachitali, chimakhala ndi zotenthetsera zabwino. Tsitsi ndilopanda pake, lolowetsa kunyezimira kwa dzuwa.
Ndipo khungu pansi pa malayawo ndi lamdima, ndipo limafunda bwino, kutentha. Miyendo ya chilombocho ndi yamphamvu kwambiri, ndipo imathera m'manja mwake. Zitsulo za m'miyendo zimalukidwa ndi ubweya kuti usazemberere anthu ndipo usaundane.
Pakati pa zala pali nembanemba, zimamuthandiza kusambira. Kutsogolo kwa zikhomo kuli ndi ma bristles owuma. Zikhadabo zazikulu zimabisidwa pansi pake, zomwe zimakupatsani mwayi wogwira ndikugwira nyama mpaka zikafika ndi mano anu.
Nsagwada ndi zazikulu, zopangidwa bwino, pali mano mpaka 42. Mchira wa chimbalangondo cha polar ndi chaching'ono, kuyambira masentimita 7 mpaka 13. Ndiwosawoneka pansi pa tsitsi lalitali kumbuyo kwakumbuyo.
Chilombocho chimasiyanitsidwa ndi kupirira kwake komanso changu chake. Wachibale wapafupi wa chimbalangondo chofiirira, iye sali wovuta kwenikweni. Mofulumira komanso mosatopa atha kuthamanga mpaka 6 km pamtunda, kuthamangira ku 40 km / h, asanatenge wodwalayo moleza mtima. Amazembera bwino kwambiri, mwanzeru amasankha mphindi yoyenera, pogwiritsa ntchito kusalingana kwa nthaka, kuzunzidwa modzidzimutsa komanso mwachangu.
Amasambira ndikusambira bwino. Amatha kusambira mtunda woyenda bwino, mwachangu mpaka 7 km / h. Oyendetsa sitima zapamadzi, akuyenda panyanja zakumpoto, amakumanapo mobwerezabwereza ndi zimbalangondo zakumtunda zosambira m'nyanja yakutali kutali ndi gombe.
Kuphatikiza pa izi zonse kulimba mtima kwakukulu kwa mbuye wa polar komanso kuwopsa koopsa, ndipo zikuwonekeratu chifukwa chake kumpoto chakumpoto zinthu zonse zamoyo zimawopa wankhanza uyu. Ndi walrus yekha, wokhala ndi zipsinjo zazitali, yemwe amalowa pankhondo yolimbana ndi chimbalangondo chakumpoto. Ndipo mwamunayo, adatenga mfuti, nayenso adatsutsa chirombocho. Ngakhale, ichi chinali chimodzi mwazifukwa zakusowa kwadzidzidzi kwa nyama yodabwitsa.
Mitundu
Achibale oyandikira kwambiri a chimbalangondo chakumtunda ndi chimbalangondo chofiirira, chimbalangondo cha grizzly, chimbalangondo chakumalay, baribal (chimbalangondo chakuda), chimbalangondo cha Himalaya ndi panda. Zimbalangondo zonsezi ndizabwino, zimakwera bwino, zimasambira, zimathamanga mokwanira, zimatha kuyimirira ndikuyenda kwa nthawi yayitali pamapazi awo akumbuyo.
Ali ndi chovala chotalika, chakuda, mchira waufupi ndi mphuno yabwino. Mphuno ndi chiwalo chovuta kwambiri kwa iwo. Njuchi imodzi yolumidwa pamphuno imatha kusokoneza chilombocho kwa nthawi yayitali.
Chimbalangondo chofiirira ndiye woimira wotchuka kwambiri pagululi. Kugawidwa kudera lalikulu kwambiri la Eurasia - kuchokera ku Spain kupita ku Kamchatka, kuchokera ku Lapland kupita kumapiri a Atlas.
Pali zopatuka zazing'ono kuchokera pamtundu wonse (chimbalangondo chofiira, roan - Suriya), koma ndizochepa. Imasungabe mawonekedwe ake ponseponse pake: yayikulu (mpaka 2 mita m'litali, mpaka 300 kg), onenepa kwambiri, phazi lamiyendo. Chovalacho ndi chakuda, chofiirira, mutu ndi waukulu.
Chimbalangondo chili ndi vuto loopsa, koma osati lachinyengo. Khalidwe la chirombo ichi limakhazikika pakukonda mtendere ndi phlegm. Chimbalangondo chasiliva kapena imvi chimakhala ku North America. Amamutcha kuti grizzly. Ndi yayikulu kuposa mnzake wofiirira, imafika 2.5 m, yolemera (mpaka 400 kg) komanso yamphamvu kuposa iyo.
Thupi lake lalitali limakhala ndi tsitsi lalitali lakuda, lakuthwa pamphumi pake ndi zikhomo zazikulu zokhala ndi zikhadabo zolimba mpaka 12 cm. Wodya nyama uyu, mosiyana ndi woyamba, ndi woopsa komanso wochenjera.
Za nkhani yake pali nkhani zoyipa. Monga kuti samamvetsetsa ngati wamukhudza kapena ayi. Zokwanira kwa iye kuti aone munthu womugwera. Zimamuvuta kubisala kwa iye, amathamanga kwambiri ndikusambira mwangwiro.
N'zosadabwitsa kuti Aaborijini a ku North America ankaona kuti ndi ntchito yabwino kwambiri kwa munthu kuyeza mphamvu zawo motsutsana ndi mdani ameneyu. Aliyense amene adamugonjetsa ndikupanga mkanda wa mafupa ndi mano, adapeza ulemu waukulu m'fuko.
Chimbalangondo china cha ku America, the baribal, kapena chimbalangondo chakuda, ndichabwino kwambiri kuposa ichi chamtundu wake. Ali ndi mphuno yakuthwa, yocheperako pang'ono kuposa grizzly, ali ndi mapazi afupikitsa komanso utali wolimba, waubweya wonyezimira wakuda.
Mmodzi mwa oimira zimbalangondo zaku Asia ndi chimbalangondo cha Himalaya. Achijapani amamutcha kuma, Ahindu amamutcha balu ndi zonar. Thupi lake ndi lochepa kwambiri kuposa la anzawo, mphuno imaloza, mphumi ndi mphuno zimapanga mzere wolunjika.
Makutu ndi akulu komanso ozungulira, mapazi ndi achidule, misomali ndiyofupikiranso, ngakhale yolimba. Ubweyawo ndi wakuda mofananamo ndipo uli ndi mzere woyera pachifuwa. Kukula mpaka 1.8 m, ndipo chilichonse ndi pafupifupi 110-115 kg. Mwa njira yake yamoyo amafanana ndi bulauni, makamaka wamantha kwambiri.
Chimbalangondo chachi Malay, kapena biruang, chimapezeka ku Indochina ndi Greater Sunda Islands. Ndi wamtali, wovuta, mutu wawukulu wokhala ndi mphuno yotakata, makutu ang'ono ndi maso akuda.
Mapazi akulu mosayerekezereka amatha ndi zikhadabo zamphamvu. Chovalacho ndi chakuda, chokhala ndi mawanga achikaso pakamwa ndi pachifuwa. Zing'onozing'ono kuposa zina, kutalika mpaka 1.5 m, mpaka 70 kg. Chokoma chokondedwa - minda ya coconut.
Ndipo pamapeto pake, panda ndiye chimbalangondo cha nsungwi. Ngakhale ena amayesa kuziwona ngati raccoon. Amakhala ku China. Mtunduwo ndi wakuda ndi woyera, mabwalo akuda odziwika kuzungulira maso. Makutu ndi mapazi zakuda. Itha kukhala mpaka 1.5 mita kutalika ndikulemera mpaka 150 kg. Amakonda kudya mphukira zazing'ono zazitsamba. Ndi chizindikiro cha China.
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Zimbalangondo zakumtunda zimakhalamo m'madera akum'mwera kwa dziko lapansi. Ndiwokhalira kumpoto kwa madzi oundana. Ku Russia titha kuwona pagombe la Arctic la Chukotka, m'mphepete mwa nyanja za Chukchi ndi Bering.
Chiwerengero chake cha Chukchi tsopano chimawerengedwa kuti ndiochuluka kwambiri padziko lapansi. Malinga ndi kafukufuku, oimira akulu kwambiri amakhala mu Nyanja ya Barents, pomwe anthu ang'onoang'ono amakhala pafupi ndi chilumba cha Spitsbergen. Kudziwitsa za mafunso omwe angakhalepo, tikukudziwitsani kuti zimbalangondo zakumtunda sizipezeka ku Antarctica. Dziko lakwawo ndi Arctic.
Mwini kumpoto amakhala m'malo oyandikira madzi. Amatha kusambira pa madzi oundana komanso othamanga. Zimasunthira nyengo zina pamodzi ndi kusintha kwa malire a madzi oundana: mchilimwe zimayenda nawo pafupi ndi mzati, nthawi yozizira zimabwerera kumtunda. M'nyengo yozizira, imakhala m'phanga pamtunda.
Akazi nthawi zambiri amapita ku hibernation, kudikirira kubadwa kwa anawo. Munthawi imeneyi amayesetsa kuti asasunthe kuti asawononge ana amtsogolo. Chifukwa chake kubisala. Amakhala masiku 80-90. Amuna ndi akazi ena omwe sakuyembekezera ana nthawi zina amatha kugona, koma osati kwa nthawi yayitali osati chaka chilichonse.
Chimbalangondo chimasambira bwino kwambiri, ndipo chovala chake chokhuthala, ndi wandiweyani chimateteza bwino kumadzi ozizira. Mafuta owonjezera amathandizanso kuteteza kuzizira. Nyamayo imabisala mosavuta mu ayezi ndi chipale chofewa, imanunkhira nyama yomwe ili pamtunda wa makilomita angapo, kuthawa kapena kusambira kutali ndikosatheka.
Oyenda akumtunda oyambirira anali ndi mantha mobwerezabwereza ndi nkhani zakukwiya kwa chilombo ichi. Ananenedwa kuti sanazengereze kukwera zombo zomwe zinazizidwa mu ayezi kuti apeze chakudya.
Iwo anali ndi kampani yonseyo pa sitimayo, osawopa kwenikweni amalinyero. Iwo mobwerezabwereza anaukira malo achisanu, anawononga nyumba za apaulendo, anaswa denga, akuyesera kuti adutsemo.
Komabe, nkhani zam'mbuyomu za omwe amafufuza zakumtunda zatchulapo kale modzichepetsa za chilombo ichi. Ngakhale wopanda chida, munthu amatha kufuula mokweza kwambiri kuti awopsyeze nyamayo ndikuithamangitsa. Kukhala chete kwa madzi oundana kunamuphunzitsa kuopa phokoso lalikulu.
Chilombo chovulalacho chimathawa nthawi zonse. Amabisala mu chisanu kuti achiritse. Komabe, ngati munthu aganiza zoukira anawo kapena kulowa m'chipindacho, amakhala mdani wamkulu. Ndiye ngakhale mfuti sizingamuletse.
Amakhala wozindikira komanso wokonda kudziwa, koma osati wamantha. Zimanenedwa kuti, atapunthwa pa chimbalangondo choyera, anthu adathawa. Ndipo chilombocho chinayamba kuwatsatira. Ali panjira, adaponya zinthu zawo - zipewa, magolovesi, ndodo, china chake.
Chilombocho chimayima nthawi zonse ndipo chimanunkhiza zinthu zomwe apeza, ndikuwunika chilichonse mwachidwi. Sizikudziwika ngati chimbalangondo chinali kuthamangitsa anthu kapena kuchita chidwi ndi zinthu zawo zapakhomo. Zotsatira zake, zinali chifukwa cha chidwi cha chilombocho kuti anthu adatha kuthawa.
Nthawi zambiri zimbalangondo zimakhala zokha, osapanga mabanja ambiri. Ngakhale atapanikizika mokakamizidwa, maudindo akuluakulu ndi machitidwe amakhazikitsidwa pakati pawo. Nyama yayikulu kwambiri nthawi zonse imakhala yofunikira kwambiri. Ngakhale ali okhulupirika kwa wina ndi mnzake. Kwa ana ang'onoang'ono okha, zimbalangondo zazikulu nthawi zina zimakhala zowopsa.
Zimbalangondo zakumtunda zomwe zimagwidwa ali achinyamata zimatha kukhala moyo wabwino ndikamazolowera anthu. Amafuna kusamba pafupipafupi, ndibwino kuti azigubuduza chipale chofewa. Ponena za chakudya, samavutika pang'ono, chifukwa amadya chilichonse - nyama, nsomba, ndi uchi. Ndi zimbalangondo zina zomwe zili mu ukapolo, zimakhala zokangana. Pakukalamba amayamba kupsa mtima msanga. Pali nthawi yomwe amakhala mpaka zaka 25-30 ndipo amachulukanso.
Zakudya zabwino
Chimbalangondo chakumtunda nyamawobadwira kusaka. Chilichonse ndichopindulitsa - ndipo nembanemba zomwe zikusambira, ndi kafungo kabwino, maso owala, komanso kumva kwabwino. Amathamanga, amalumpha, amasambira, amadzibisa. Udindo wake wosaka nyama ndiwosayerekezeka kumpoto.
Cholengedwa chilichonse chomwe chimawona chingakhale nyama yake. Amasaka pamtunda ndi m'madzi, amadya nyama ndi nsomba. Wokonda nyama - chisindikizo ndi kalulu wanyanja. Amatha kununkhiza kudzera pakulimba kwa madzi oundana, kenako ndikudikirira moleza mtima padzenje. Kapena kuukira m'madzi momwemo. Amapha nyama, kenako amayamba kuyamwa chikopa ndi mafuta. Ndilo gawo la thupi lomwe amakonda.
Sangadye nyama yatsopano, kukonzekera nyengo yanjala. Masamba otere amawathandiza kupeza vitamini A kuti apulumuke kuzizira komanso nthawi yozizira. Zisindikizo, ma walrus achichepere, anamgumi a beluga, narwhals, nsomba zitha kukhala mikhole ya mlenje. Pamtunda, amatha kugwira mphalapala, nkhandwe, nkhandwe.
Nthawi zina, pansi pa chipale chofewa, amakumba mizu kuti azisakaniza zakudya zawo zomanga thupi. Kuti akwaniritse, amafunika chakudya chokwanira makilogalamu 7. Nyama yodya njala ingafune zoposa 15 kg.
Ngati wovutikayo wakwanitsa kuthawa, ndipo alibe mphamvu yotsalira, ndiye kuti nsomba, zovunda, mazira a mbalame, anapiye amapita kukadya. Ndi nthawi yakumenyedwa ndi njala pomwe amakhala owopsa. Amatha kuyendayenda kumapeto kwa malo okhala anthu, kulowa zinyalala ngakhale kuwukira munthu.
Iye samanyalanyaza ndere ndi udzu, koma mofulumira kudya mafuta. Izi makamaka miyezi ya chilimwe, pafupifupi masiku 120. Zomwe nyama imadyetsa panthawiyi sizikuthandizani kuti mugawidwe konse. Amadya pafupifupi chilichonse.
Mwachilengedwe, nyama ili ndi adani ochepa. Ma walrus akuluakulu okha ndi omwe amatha kumudzudzula ndi mano awo. Ndipo ana aang'ono amatha kuvulazidwa ndi mapaketi a mimbulu kapena agalu. Vuto lalikulu kwa iye linali ndipo amakhalabe munthu. Osaka nyama amamupha chifukwa cha chikopa chake chapamwamba komanso nyama yambiri.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Nyama zimapsa kuti zipange banja pakatha zaka zinayi. Amayi amakula chaka chimodzi kapena ziwiri kale kuposa amuna. Nthawi yakumasulira imayamba kumapeto kwa Marichi ndipo imatha mpaka Juni. Chimbalangondo chimodzi chitha kupemphedwa ndi ofunsira angapo. Pakadali pano, mikangano yayikulu yachikondi imabuka pakati pawo. Ngakhale ana aang'ono atha kuvutika ngati agwera m'munda wokumana nawo.
Zimabala ana pafupifupi masiku 250, pafupifupi miyezi 8. Mimba imachedwa ndi mluza. Mayi woyembekezera ayenera kukonzekera bwino kukula kwa mwana wosabadwayo komanso kugona kwa nthawi yayitali.
Kwina kumapeto kwa Okutobala, amakonzekeretsa khola lake. Anthu ambiri amakumba dzenje lawo pafupi ndi omwe adamangidwa kale. Kenako amagona. Ndipo pakati pa Novembala, kukula kwa mwana wosabadwayo kumayamba.
Pakati pa Epulo, mkaziyo amadzuka, ndipo ana 1-3 amabadwa. Ndi zazing'ono kwambiri, chilichonse chimalemera pafupifupi theka la kilogalamu. Wobadwa wakhungu, maso amatsegulidwa patatha mwezi umodzi. Thupi lawo limakutidwa ndi ubweya wosakhwima, womwe suwapulumutsa kuzizira. Chifukwa chake, chimbalangondo, osasiya kulikonse, chikuwotha nawo chisangalalo chake kwa milungu yoyamba.
Ali ndi miyezi iwiri, amayamba kutuluka, ndipo patatha mwezi umodzi amatuluka m'dzenjemo. Komabe, samapita kutali ndi amayi awo, chifukwa amapitilizabe kudya mkaka.Kukhala kwawo limodzi kumatha zaka 1.5. Amakhala pachiwopsezo cha adani nthawi imeneyi. Ndi kholo lokalamba lokha lomwe lingawateteze.
Mimba yatsopano imatha kuchitika pokhapokha anawo atakula. Kapena akamwalira. Chifukwa chake, samabereka ana kangapo kamodzi zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu zilizonse. Mkazi m'modzi akhoza kubala ana pafupifupi 15 m'moyo wonse.
Polar zimbalangondo zimakhala kuthengo pafupifupi zaka 20. Kuphatikiza apo, ana ambiri amafa mpaka chaka chimodzi. Pafupifupi 10-30% ya zimbalangondo zazing'ono zimamwalira kuchokera kuzilombo zina komanso kuzizira panthawiyi. Ali mu ukapolo, nyamazi zimatha kukhala ndi moyo wautali, pafupifupi zaka 25-30. Kutalika kwambiri kunalembedwa ku Detroit Zoo. Mkazi anali ndi zaka 45.
Chifukwa chiyani chimbalangondo chapoyera "choyera"
Posakhalitsa, kholo lililonse limamva funso ili kuchokera kwa "mwana" wawo. Kapena mphunzitsi wa biology kusukulu. Zonse ndizokhudza mtundu wa ubweya wa nyama iyi. Palibe. Tsitsi lenilenilo ndilolowera komanso lowonekera mkati.
Ndiabwino kuwonetsa kuwala kwa dzuwa, kukongoletsa utoto woyera. Koma si mbali zonse za odula wofufuza kumalo ozungulira malo. M'nyengo yotentha, dzuwa limasintha. Imatha kusintha ubweya wobiriwira kuchokera ku ndere zazing'ono zomwe zimatsekana pakati pa villi. Chovalacho chimatha kukhala chotuwa, bulauni, kapena mthunzi wosiyana, kutengera momwe moyo wa chimbalangondo umakhalira.
Ndipo m'nyengo yozizira imakhala yoyera kwambiri. Ichi ndi gawo lapadera la chilombocho komanso kubisala kwapamwamba. Zowonjezera, mtundu wa malayawo udatsuka pakapita nthawi, kusinthasintha malinga ndi momwe moyo ulili.
Mwa zina, khungu la nyama limakhala ndi mawonekedwe otenthetsera bwino. Amalola kutentha ndi kutentha. Ndipo ngati chimbalangondo chikukweza ubweya wake, "chimakweza", ndiye kuti sichimawoneka ndi maso okha, komanso zida, mwachitsanzo, otentha.
Nchifukwa chiyani chimbalangondo chapamwamba chimatchulidwa mu Red Book?
Nyamayi ili ndi malaya okongola komanso nyama yambiri. Awa ndi malingaliro oyipa komanso osavuta a anthu opha nyama mosayenera omwe akhala akuwombera chilombocho kwanthawi yayitali. Kutentha kwadziko ndi kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe kwathandizira kutsika kwakukulu kwa anthu. Malinga ndi asayansi, malo oundana atsika ndi 25%, madzi oundana akusungunuka mwachangu.
Malo am'nyanja anali odetsedwa ndi zinthu zoipa komanso zinyalala. Ndipo chimbalangondo chathu chimakhala chaka choposa chaka chimodzi, chimawerengedwa kuti chimadya nyama yayitali. Munthawi imeneyi, amadziphatika ndi poizoni wambiri m'thupi mwake. Izi zidachepetsa kwambiri mwayi woswana.
Tsopano padziko lapansi pali 22 mpaka 31 zikwi za nyama zabwinozi. Ndipo malinga ndi kuneneratu, pofika 2050 chiwerengerocho chitha kutsika ndi 30% ina. Pambuyo pazambirizi, sipadzakhala mafunso, chifukwa chimbalangondo chakumpoto chidaphatikizidwa mu Red BookKusaka zimbalangondo zakumadzulo kwaletsedwa ku Russia Arctic kuyambira 1956.
Mu 1973, mayiko a m'nyanja ya Arctic adasaina mgwirizano wokhudza kusamalira chimbalangondo. Dziko lathu limateteza chilombochi ngati chiwopsezo kuchokera ku Mndandanda wa International Union for Conservation of Nature (International Red Data Book) komanso ku Red Data Book of the Russian Federation.
Chifukwa chiyani chimbalangondo chakumtunda chimalota
Zingakhale zachilendo ngati, polemekeza chimbalangondo choyera kwambiri, sitinkawona kufunika kwa mawonekedwe ake m'maloto athu. Ayi konse. Pafupifupi mabuku onse otchuka amaloto, mutha kuwerenga zomwe chimbalangondo chakumtunda chimalota. Ena amaganiza kuti mawonekedwe ake m'maloto ndi abwino komanso olonjeza zabwino, ena amalangiza kukonzekera mavuto pambuyo pake.
Mwachitsanzo, buku lamaloto la Miller limanena kuti chimbalangondo chakumtunda m'maloto ndichosankha chachikulu pamoyo. Ngati chimbalangondo chiukira kumaloto, chenjerani ndi adani m'moyo. Chimbalangondo chosambira pa ayezi chidzakuchenjezani za chinyengo.
Ndipo kuwona chimbalangondo chikudya chisindikizo kumatanthauza kuti muyenera kusiya zizolowezi zoyipa. Ngati mumakhala pakhungu la chimbalangondo, mutha kuthana ndi zovuta zenizeni. Mukawona chimbalangondo chakumtunda, zikutanthauza kuti posachedwa mudzayembekezera ukwati ndi phindu lazachuma.
Malinga ndi Freud, kusaka chimbalangondo chakumtunda m'maloto kumatanthauza kuti m'moyo muyenera kuchepetsa kupsa mtima ndi chidwi chosafunikira. Ndipo molingana ndi Aesop, wolusa amalota zabwino komanso zankhanza. Mu loto, simungalimbane naye, apo ayi mukulephera. Komabe, ngati mumanamizira kuti mwamwalira mukakumana naye, mudzatuluka mosavuta m'mavuto osasangalatsa.
Kugona chimbalangondo zikutanthauza kuti mavuto anu akhoza kukusiyani nokha kwa kanthawi. Mulimonsemo, ndizabwino kwambiri ngati chimbalangondo chimalotedwa ndi munthu amene amaganiza zakutsogolo kwake ndipo angamuthandize kupulumuka.
