Tazolowera kuti mbalame zodya nyama ndi zazikulu, zowoneka mozama zomwe zimatenga ndi kunyamula nyama zawo mosavuta. Komabe, pakati pawo pali zolusa zomwe panokha sizimawoneka ngati osaka amphamvu - ma shriki.
Amachokera kubanja lodana, dongosolo la odutsa. Nyenyeswazi sizolimba mtima zokha, komanso osaka mwaluso. Amawuluka kukafunafuna nyama, ngakhale atadyetsedwa bwino, ndikupanga chakudya "tsiku lamvula." Chimodzi mwazofala kwambiri m'banja lino - shrike mbalame shrike.
Chifukwa "shrike"? Pali mitundu ingapo pamiyiyi. Ena amati m'masiku akale, alenje amatchula mbalamezi mwanjira imeneyi, chifukwa amaopseza nyamayi kuti ichotse chisa chawo. Pali mtundu womwe dzina la mitunduyo kuchokera ku Chichewa limamasuliridwa kuti "motley woodpecker".
Palinso mtundu wachitatu, koma nthano yoseketsa, malinga ndi momwe kuimba kwa mbalame kuli ngati kamtengo ka ngolo, kamene m'masiku akale kamatchedwa "magpie", ndipo dzinali limamatira kwa iwo.
Wolemba ana waku Russia a Ivan Lebedev adalemba za mbalamezi, mwachitsanzo: "Shrike ndi dzina lotchuka la mitundu ingapo ya mbalame zapakatikati. Dzinali ndilofanana mchilankhulo chilichonse cha Asilavo. "
Wosankhidwa ku Geographical Science, Pulofesa Wothandizana Naye ku Moscow State University Lyudmila Georgievna Emelyanova, wolemba ntchito zambiri zachilengedwe ndi zachilengedwe, adatinso mawu oti shrike amatanthauza "kusokonezedwa ndi magpie." Mbalame ziwirizi ndizofanana m'mawu ndi machitidwe. Koma dzina lawo lachilatini ndilowopsa: Lanius - "wopha nyama", "wakupha", "wopereka nsembe".
Chifukwa? kuchepa? Apa, mwambiri, mutha kutanthauzira momasuka kwambiri. Tiyeni tione Mabaibulo otchuka kwambiri. Woyamba - kuchokera ku mawu achi Bulgaria akale oti "chinyengo" - "kukanda, kupukuta, kuchotsa", ichi ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zankhanza za mbalameyi.
Sikuti imangopha nyama zokha, komanso imapachika paminga ndi nthambi. Mtundu wachiwiri umalumikizidwa ndi talente ya onomatopoeia ya mbalame - iwo "amabera, chomp, hum, smack," chifukwa chake dzina loti "chinyengo".
Munthu ali ndi ubale wovuta ndi cholengedwa ichi. Kumbali imodzi, imawononga tizilombo ndi makoswe, zomwe zimathandiza kwambiri anthu. Kumbali ina, ndi nyama yolusa yamapiko yomwe imasaka aliyense, kuphatikizapo mbalame za nyimbo.
M'minda momwe banja la griffon lidakhazikika, ma robins onse amatha pang'onopang'ono, ndi oyimba osiyanasiyana omwe amakhala kale. Amasiya kusangalatsa khutu laumunthu ndikusiya malo omwe amawadziwa, apo ayi atha kugwidwa ndikudya kanyumba.
Mwaukadaulo amapeza zisa zawo. Atapeza, amawononga anapiye onse, mmodzi ndi mmodzi. Amadziwika momwe kukwapula kuja kunapinimbira ndikunyamula ma robins achichepere, ngolo, ndi ma lark. Anagonjetsanso mbalame zomwe zinagwidwa mumsampha. Ndinayesera kuchotsa finch ndi canary mu khola.
Asayansi ya zamoyo anayesera za izo. Anasankha minda iwiri yofufuzira. Mu umodzi, mapiri anawonongedweratu, ndipo mbalame zanyimbo zinkakhala kumeneko mosatekeseka. Anansi othandizawa anapha tizilombo, chifukwa chake, mundawo unabala zipatso zabwino kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, adakondwera ndi kuyimba kwawo.
M'munda wina, wokonzedwa mofananamo, kufuula kumaloledwa kuthamanga momasuka. Oimba onse adachoka m'mundamo, olusawo sakanatha kulimbana ndi mbozi, makamaka popeza sicholinga chawo chachikulu. Mundawo unali bwinja, panalibe zokolola konse. Nayi nkhani.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Kunja shike mbalame ofanana kwambiri ndi mpheta, kapena bullfinch, chifukwa mwa amuna mbali yakumtunda ya thupi ndi yofiira, ndipo pansi pake ndi pinki. Komanso, mwa amuna, utoto umakhala wosangalatsa kuposa akazi. Mutu ndi wotuwa, maso adutsa ndi mzere wakuda. Masokosi amaso nawonso ndi amdima. Khosi ndi loyera.
Mwa akazi, thupi lakumtunda limakhala lofiirira, ndipo gawo lakumunsi ndi lalanje lakuda. Achinyamata shrike mbalame pachithunzichi kunja kofanana kwambiri ndi wamkazi. Kenako, akukula, pang'onopang'ono amayamba kusintha mtundu. Kukula kwa mbalame kumakhala kwapakatikati, kwinakwake mozungulira 16-18 masentimita m'litali. Thupi limakhala lalitali. Imalemera magalamu 25 mpaka 40.
Mapiko ake ndi masentimita 28-32. Mapikowo ndiwocheperako, ozungulira. Mchira ndi wautali kotala kuposa phiko, uli ndi nthenga khumi ndi ziwiri. Kujambula matani oyera ndi akuda. Mbali yapadera ndi mlomo wolimba wolumikizidwa. Milomo iyi yofanana ndi mbedza imakhala yofanana ndi mbewa, mphamba ndi kadzidzi.
Miyendo siyamphamvu kwambiri, palibe zikhadabo zakuthwa. Komabe, amatha kunyamula mosavuta ndikusewera nawo masewera ang'onoang'ono. Nthenga nthawi zambiri zimakhala zowirira, zotayirira, ngakhale. Mbalame zowala izi zimakhala ndi moyo wabwino. Komanso, chilengedwe chawapatsa luntha losowa.
Kufotokozera kwa mbalame Zhulan sangakhale osakwanira osatchula mawu. Mwaokha, sizosangalatsa. Mbalamezi zimangomveka mwachidule, mofanana ndi kulira kapena kulira. Koma amawongolera kwambiri kuyimba kwawo mwakumvetsera mwachidwi nyimbo za ena.
Iyi ndiye talente yawo. Pang'ono ndi pang'ono, amaphatikiza ndikuphatikiza zomwe aphunzira m'njira yachilendo koma yopambana. Zhulan amatha kutsanzira mawu a mbalame ndi mamvekedwe ena ochokera kwa oimira nyama.
Wolemba nkhani wina adalongosola kuyimba kwa grizzly motere: "Ndidamvetsera mbalameyi ikuyimba. Mwamuna uja anakhala pamwamba pa chitsamba ndikuimba mokweza komanso mosangalatsa kwanthawi yayitali; adapereka magawo kuchokera munyimbo ya lark ndi lark ya m'nkhalango, phwiti ndi mbalame zina zoyimba. Ngati woyimba aliyense ayenera kulandira mutu wa mbalame yonyodola, ndiye kuti ndi wachinyengo. "
Ngati agwidwa ali wamng'ono ndikukhala mu ukapolo, ndiye kuti samatha kuyimba. Sanamve nyimbo za mbalame zina, zokulira mu khola, zimangomveka chabe, chifukwa palibe amene angamutsanzire. Koma ngati atagwidwa ndi munthu wamkulu pamalo omwe adazunguliridwa ndi mbalame zoyimba bwino, zikhala zosiyana.
Poterepa, ndizovuta kukhala ndi ochita zisangalalo mchipinda kuposa wopusa. Chisoni chokha ndikuti aliyense wa iwo amayesetsa kuwonjezera malankhulidwe osasangalatsa ku chisangalalo ichi. Mwachitsanzo, kulira kwa chule kapena kulira kwa ziwala.
Mitundu
Banja la shrike ligawika m'magulu omwe angawerengedwe ngati mabanja. Tsopano kuli magulu 32 otero. Ndi mayina, atha kugawidwa motere:
- ndi mtundu: wofiirira wamutu wofiira, wamtsogolo wakuda, wamiyendo yofiira, wamvi, wamapewa otuwa, wamanzere-kumbuyo, wopunduka, wopukutira zoyera, brindle, wam'mbuyo wofiira, wamiyendo yayitali, wamphete, komanso shrike wamba ndi zopindika zofiira;
ziphuphu
- ndi malo okhala: Siberia shrike, Burmese, American, Indian. Shrike: Philippines, Tibetan, Desert, Somali;
- Mwa mawonekedwe, machitidwe kapena mikhalidwe ina: shriek-prosecutor, shrike-Governor, masked shrike, Newton's shrike.
Zonse zimakhala ndi zinthu zodziwika bwino monga mlomo wolimba, mapiko amfupi, ndi mchira wautali. Moyo wawo komanso malo okhala ndi ofanana. Izi ndi mbalame zodya nyama, nthawi zina zimakhala zofanana ndi makungubwi ena. Ngakhale ndi ochepa, ali m'gulu la mbalame zolimba mtima komanso zokonda magazi.
Mwachindunji kumadzikweza okha, kuwonjezera pa wamba, mitundu ina isanu ndiyomwe ili.
1. Wachimereka. Kambalame kakang'ono kaimvi kokhala ndi mzera wakuda m'maso. Anapiye ndi owala kwambiri kuposa achikulire. Ndipo mawoko awo ndi oyera. Amakhala makamaka kumadera akumwera kwa kontrakitala wa America, safuna kuthawa nthawi yozizira.
2. Mchira wofiira. Amakhala ku Asia, China, Mongolia, Iran, Kazakhstan. Izi zimakonda kukhazikika pamwamba, mpaka 3000 pamwamba pamadzi. Mtundu wake ndi waimvi, mimba ndi ya pinki, mapiko ndi mchira ndizofiira. Palibe mzere wakuda m'maso.
3. Siberia. Ogwira Central Siberia, Kamchatka, Sakhalin. Amapezeka ku Mongolia, Altai, Manchuria, Korea ndi Japan. Kukhazikitsa m'dera la polar, ku steppe. Mtunduwo ndi wakuda imvi, m'mimba ndi poterera koyera.
4. Amwenye. Amapezeka ku Asia. Mitundu ya nthenga imafanana ndi nthawi zonse, imangowala kwambiri. Ndipo mchira wake ndi wautali kuposa wa shrike wamba. Amakonda kukhazikika m'nkhalango za pistachio.
5. Chibama. Kubweretsa ku Japan. Zikuwoneka ngati shrike wamba, nthenga zokha ndizofiyira kwambiri.
Ngati mukufuna, mbalame zosamukasamuka kapena ayi, mutha kupeza pakati pawo kusiyana kosankha. Mwachitsanzo, shrike wamba komanso imvi imayenda, enawo amakhala okhaokha komanso osamukasamuka. Pali ambiri padziko lonse lapansi, palibe chowopseza kutha kwawo.
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Wamba julan amakhala ku Europe ndi Asia, koma zimawulukira ku Africa nthawi yachisanu. M'mbuyomu amatchedwa "shrike yaku Germany". Samalola chisanu choopsa, chifukwa chake amakakamizika kusiya malo ake.
Ngakhale chikhalidwe ndi choyenera kukhazikitsira chisa. Chowonadi ndi chakuti mbalamezi zimayang'ana nyumba yawo kwambiri, chifukwa chake zimabwerera kumalo komweko, kuti ziziteteze mwamphamvu kuti mbalame zina zisasokonezeke.
Mitengo yonse yamatchire yomwe ili m'malire mwa madambo, minda ndi minda yamitengo imapanga nyumba zawo. Chitsamba chimodzi m'munda chimatha kukhutiritsa mbalame yosadzichepetsayi. Amatha kukhala nthawi yayitali pamwamba pa chitsamba kapena mtengo, amatembenuzira mutu wake mbali zonse, kufunafuna nyama.
Awa ndi malo ake achitetezo, kuyambira pano amayendera malo osakira. Kukhazikika kwa mbalame yamphongo kumakhala kochititsa chidwi, ndikowongoka, thupi limakhala pafupifupi moyimirira. Ngati mbalame ina yaying'ono ikhala pansi pambali pake, imapotoza mchira wake mosangalala, kuti imukope. Ngati ayendetsedwa mokakamizidwa kuchokera pamwamba, imagwa ngati mwala pafupifupi pansi, iwuluka pamwamba pake, kenako nkumenyanso.
Chisa cha Shrike yomwe ili m'nkhalango zowirira kwambiri, m'malo otsika pansi. Ndi yayikulu, yolimba, yolimba komanso yowoneka ngati dongo. Ngakhale kwenikweni idamangidwa kuchokera pazonse zomwe nthenga imatha kupeza. Kwenikweni, zida zomangira zake ndi nthambi ndi moss, koma zinyalala zosiyanasiyana zimathandizanso.
Zhulan ndi mbalame yolimba mtima, yolimba mtima komanso yopuma. Amatha kukhazikika pafupi ndi chilombo china champhongo ngati amakonda malowa. Mwachitsanzo, amakonda chisa pafupi ndi madzi ndipo amakhala kumeneko, akuyang'anitsitsa oyandikana nawo.
Ngati awona kapena kumva china chake chowopsa, nthawi yomweyo amachenjeza okondedwa ake za ngoziyo. Amayamba kufuula mwamphamvu, kugwedeza mchira wake, kuyesa kuwopseza mdani wake, kaya ndi ndani. Ngakhale munthu amene ali ndi vuto ngati limeneli sadzachita mantha.
Powona zowopsa pafupi ndi chisa chake, nkhonoyo siziuluka, koma m'malo mwake, imakhalabe m'maso ndikuyamba kufuula mokweza. Kulira uku kumakopa abale, nawonso amayamba kupanga phokoso ndi alamu. Ndipo phokoso losalekeza limatuluka pamwamba pa nkhalango. Kawirikawiri cacophony yotere imawopsyeza nyama yolusa.
Mkazi atasamira mazira, amakhala wolunjika momwe angathere. Pali zinthu zochepa zomwe zingamupatse chidwi panthawiyi. Chifukwa chake mutha kuigwira poyika timitengo tokomera kumbuyo kwanu. Zhulan amatha kuzolowera ukapolo, ngakhale ndi mbalame yokonda ufulu. Komabe, ndi bwino kuisunga mu khola mosiyana ndi mbalame zina. Amatha kuwukira ngakhale iwo omwe amamuposa kukula.
Ngati mwadzidzidzi mwatola mbalameyi kwinakwake kuthengo, ndipo zikuwoneka kuti zonse zili bwino, musadzinyenge nokha. Wamkulu, mbalame yamtchire yathanzi silingalole kuti ikokedwe pamodzi. Ngati ili m'manja mwanu, tikukulangizani kuti mupite mwachangu kwa veterinarian. China chake chalakwika ndi iye.
Zinyama zina zimalota ndikupanga mbalameyi kuti ikhale mlenje. Komabe, sizovuta, ndizovuta kuwongolera. Mutha kuluma munthu mwadzidzidzi. Komanso, ndikuluma, osati kumeta. Koma kuzolowera, kumakhala ngati kofewetsa.
Zakudya zabwino
Nthawi zambiri njuchi zimasaka zokha. Sakonda kuyendetsa nyama zawo ndi gulu lonse. Nthawi zambiri, amadya tizilombo tosiyanasiyana. Izi ndi zikumbu, ziphuphu, zikumbu, agulugufe, mbozi, ziwala. Amagwira ndikudya tizilombo tomwe tikuuluka nthawi yomweyo.
Ntchito yosakayi imakondweretsa mbalameyi mwakuti imapitiliza kupha, ngakhale itadzaza kale. Amathamangitsanso zinyama zazing'ono, zomwe amatha kuthana nazo, kugwira mbewa, mbalame, abuluzi ndi achule. Simungathe kuzigwira izi ntchentche.
Kenako amagwiritsa ntchito njira ina yopezera chakudya. Omangirira mwatsoka paminga kapena nthambi. Ndipo amagwiritsa ntchito fietiyi ngati buffet. Mosafulumira, pang'onopang'ono amadula chidutswa ndikudya.
Luso losaka limayamba mwa munthu wazaka zambiri. Zimakhala zovuta kuti achinyamata azichita izi poyamba. Amatenga zotupa ndi zilonda zazitali komanso zopweteka paminga yakuthwa asanaphunzire izi. Komabe, sayansi sikuti imangopita pachabe, ndipo posachedwa anapiye grizzly iwowo atha kupanga chingwe chotere "kebab".
Kuphatikiza apo, njirayi imalola mbalamezo kuimitsa kaye masheyawo nthawi yanjala. Nyengo ikamauluka, kusaka sikupita, zhulan amagwiritsa ntchito "pantry" yake. Sakonda kugawana ndi aliyense. Kuphatikiza apo, kukhala ndi njala kumatha kukhudza ana.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Ngakhale mafundewo amathawira nthawi yayitali ku Africa, amakhala ndi ana kunyumba, komwe kumakhala chisa. Choyamba, amuna amabwerera, patapita nthawi pang'ono - akazi. Ndipo posachedwa mutha kuwona momwe awiriawiri amapangidwira. Apa amuna amawonetsa mikhalidwe yawo yabwino mokwanira.
Ndi chilakolako chonse chachimuna chimayesa kukopa chachikazi, chimamuyimbira m'njira zosiyanasiyana, chimayatsa nthenga zake. Amuna angapo amatha kulimbana ndi akazi. Wokhala ndi nthenga wowopsa, wopanga komanso wosasunthika munyengo yakukhwima.
Pomaliza, mnzake adasankha awiriawiri, ndipo onse pamodzi adayamba kumanga chisa. Gwiritsani ntchito chilichonse chomwe mungapeze pa izi - nthambi, nthambi, masamba owuma, moss. Akawona pepala kapena chingwe, amapitanso kumalo omangako. Kapangidwe kameneka kamawoneka kosadetsa pang'ono, koma ndi kolimba.
Chakumapeto kwa Meyi - koyambirira kwa Juni, mayiyo amatayira mazira ama 4 mpaka 4 ophika mkaka. Zitha kukhala zapinki pang'ono komanso zosiyanasiyana. Chipolopolocho nthawi zambiri chimakhala chamtundu, nthawi zina chimakhala chowala pang'ono.
Mazira pachisa sagona monga choncho, koma malinga ndi chiwembucho. Wopapatiza umathera mkati, mwaukhondo mu bwalo. Amayi amakhala pamazira, ndipo bambo ali pafupi. Amadyetsa bwenzi lake, amayang'anira chitetezo ndi dongosolo.
Nthawi zina amatha kulowa m'malo mwa kholoyo. Ayenera kukhala osamala kwambiri panthawiyi. Chifukwa ndi pachisacho pomwe nkhwangwa imakonda kuponyera mazira ake m'manja. Ndipo cuckoo, ikamakula, imathamangitsira anapiye ake kubanja.
Ana amaswa pakatha milungu iwiri kapena masiku 18. Anapiye ogwidwa amakhala pachisa kwa masiku pafupifupi 14. Nthawi yonseyi, makolo awo amawadyetsa ndikuwateteza. Ngati sanakule bwino, abambo ndi amayi amapitiliza kuwadyetsa milungu ina iwiri.
Mtendere ndi bata zimakhazikika pachisa chawo, pomwe nthawi zambiri samakhala mwamtendere ndi abale awo. Atalera anapiye, atapulumuka chilimwe kunyumba, kumapeto kwa Ogasiti, mbalamezo zimayamba kusonkhana panjira. Nthaŵi zambiri zimauluka, chifukwa chakuti zambiri zimachitika usiku.
Pakatikati mwa Seputembala ndizosatheka kuwona aliyense wa azulan pano. Kutalika kwa moyo wawo ndikosiyana ndi ufulu komanso ukapolo. Zaka zokulirapo za mbalameyi zomwe zalembedwa ku Europe ndi zaka 10 ndi mwezi umodzi.
Makhalidwe onse osasangalatsa a mbalame yodyerayi, monga kukwiya, nkhanza zoopsa pakusaka, mikangano, zachiwawa - palibe chofanizira chikondi chawo ndi chisamaliro cha ana awo. Chilengedwe chinawapatsa thupi laling'ono, koma mzimu wolimba komanso wolimba mtima.
