Muskrat – nyamaomwe akhala padzikoli kwa zaka 40 miliyoni! Ngakhale ndi yaying'ono, ili ndi mwayi wokudabwitsani ndi mbiri yake, mawonekedwe ake komanso mawonekedwe ake.
Ndizowopsa kulingalira kuti ndi ndani yekhayo cholengedwa amene sanathe kukumana nawo panjira yake yamoyo! Kutha kupulumuka nyama zolusa zowopsa ndi mammoths akuluakulu, kufikira zaka za 21st bwinobwino, kwinaku akukhalabe owoneka bwino osataya mawonekedwe ake.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Muskrat kuyatsa chithunzi akuwonetsedwa ngati nyama yokongola komanso yoseketsa, yomwe nthawi zonse imakonda china chake. Pali zinthu zingapo mawonekedwe ake. Mbali yoyamba yomwe imakopa chidwi cha aliyense ndi, inde, mphuno ya cholengedwa.
Ali ndi mawonekedwe otambalala, othamanga kwambiri komanso okongola. Lang'anani, ndi thunzi wokongola wa desman sasiya aliyense osayanjanitsika. Mutha kulumbira kuti amakumwetulirani nthawi zonse. Sizachabe kuti nyama imeneyi imadziwikanso kuti "hohuli".
Ponena za mano, ma canine awiri akutsogolo ndi odziwika komanso ofunikira nyama. Ndiwo, akulu komanso akuthwa, omwe amachita pafupifupi ntchito zonse pakupanga chakudya. Woyendetsa amayenda mumlengalenga, makamaka kudalira kumva kwake. Mphamvu yake ya kununkhira ndiyofooka. Ndipo ndi masomphenya, zinthu zafika poipa kwambiri. Ophunzira ake samachita ngakhale atawunika kwambiri. M'madzi, nyama imangotseka maso.
Nyamayi nthawi zambiri imasindikiza mawu ake nthawi yachilimwe, ikamakopana, pomwe yamphongo imayesera kuti igwire yaikazi. Ma trill awa amasanduka mabubu. Nthawi yomweyo, mkaziyo amayambanso kutulutsa mawu. Mwina kung'ung'udza ngati nkhalamba yeniyeni. Mukakumana ndi mdani, nyamayo imadina mwamphamvu ndikuyimirira molimbana ndi miyendo yake yakumbuyo.
Desman ndi nyama yapakatikati. Kulemera kwake sikufikira magalamu 600. Ndipo kukula kwake kumayambira masentimita 25 mpaka 27. Nyamayo imakutidwa ndi ubweya wakuda, wawufupi komanso wandiweyani. Komanso, amakhalanso wapadera. Tsitsi loyang'anitsitsa likuwonjezeredwa kumapeto kwawo. Maonekedwe a cholengedwa ichi amafanana kwambiri ndi mole, koma imakhalanso ndi mawonekedwe ake apadera.
Wodutsayo, monga mole, samakhala wakhungu. Koma iye ali ndi mchira wautali ndi wamphamvu, womwe ndi wofunikira kwambiri m'malo ake okhala - madzi. Mchira ndi pafupifupi wofanana ndi kutalika kwa thupi, uli ndi mawonekedwe osalala ndipo wokutidwa ndi masikelo.
Sindingachite kufotokoza nyama muskratosanena kuti mchira wake ndiwofunika potulutsa kafungo kabwino ka ma violets usiku. Kungoti pali ma gland apadera omwe amakhala ndi musk pa iwo. Apa ndiye gwero la fungo labwino kwambiri ili.
Mwa njira, chifukwa cha ichi, nyama zamtunduwu zinawonongedwa nthawi imodzi, pogwiritsa ntchito michira yawo pamakampani opanga mafuta onunkhira. Ndipo eni nyumba adakonda kudzikongoletsa pachifuwa ndi nsalu ndi michira yawo ngati fungo.
Mwambiri, ubweya wawo umakhala wofunika kwambiri nthawi zonse. Ndipo izi zimaphatikizapo kusaka ndikuwononga kosalekeza. Mpaka pamapeto pake kuchuluka kwa nyama izi kunatsika kwambiri. Chinyama Ofiira mabuku muskrat tsopano akutetezedwa ndi boma.
Za mtundu wa cholengedwa chamoyo ichi, ndizovuta komanso zowopsa. Adzasiyanitsidwa ndi chidwi chomveka komanso kukwiya. Mwachitsanzo, zadziwika kangapo kuti ndi phokoso ladzidzidzi, munthu wamwamuna amatha kufa mosavuta ndi kupasuka kwa mtima!
Miyendo yake ndi yaifupi kwambiri, yoluka pa intaneti. Ichi ndichifukwa chake amakhala ndi phazi loseketsa, phazi lamiyendo komanso losakhazikika. Koma izi zili padziko lapansi lokha. Akafika pamadzi, zonse zimasintha. Mwadzidzidzi, chisomo chachikulu cha akatswiri osambira chikuwonekera. Muskrat amayendetsa mwaluso m'madzi. Ndiwochenjera komanso waluso.
Mitundu
Desman ali ndi mitundu iwiri: Russian ndi Iberia. Tiyeni tione aliyense wa iwo mwatsatanetsatane.
Wolemba wachi Russia... Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti zimasiyana ndi abale ake a Pyrenean makamaka kukula ndi malo okhala. Ndi chokulirapo. Mwa njira, iyi ndi nyama yokha yomwe dzina lake lasayansi lili ndi mawu oti "Russian"!
Ngakhale kuti nyamayi idakhala nafe kuyambira kale, sikuti munthu aliyense anali ndi mwayi wodziwa bwino. Chowonadi ndi chakuti wolakwayo amasankha moyo wobisika.
Ndipo kukumana naye momasuka kuyenda padziko lapansi ndizosatheka. Amabisala mumtsinje wake, kapena amakhala m'madzi, kupeza chakudya. Woyimira boma waku Russia amapezeka pafupifupi m'mitsinje yonse m'chigawo cha Europe cha dzikolo.
Wolemba Pyrenean... Mtundu uwu wa nyama ndiwofatsa kwambiri ndipo umapezeka makamaka ku Pyrenees - amakhala masiku awo m'mitsinje yamapiri kumadzulo kwa Europe. Ndi yaying'ono kwambiri kulemera ndi kukula kwake kuposa mnzake wapafupi, waku Russia. Kutalika kwa thupi lake sikupitilira 15-16 cm, ndipo kulemera kwake ndi magalamu 75-80. Mapeto a nyama ndi amdima, koma mchira ndi wopepuka.
Masana, pafupifupi nthawi zonse amagona, koma usiku amakhala wokangalika momwe angathere. Imadyetsa masana okhaokha ndipo yaikazi ya nyamayi sikhala yachonde kwambiri. Ana ake apachaka samapitilira ana asanu. Nthawi yayitali ndi zaka zitatu.
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Desman amakhala moyo wawo pamtunda (makamaka mobisa, m'manda), komanso pamadzi (makamaka pansi pamadzi, kupeza chakudya chawo). Maonekedwe a chamoyocho amalankhula za moyo wake. Ali ngati wakhungu, chifukwa pansi panthaka komanso pansi pamadzi, kutha kuwona sichimamupindulitsa.
Ponena za nthaka, apa munthuyu amakhala ndi maenje ake. Awa ndiwo mavesi ovuta kwambiri, okumbutsa zomangamanga zapamwamba. Kuphatikiza apo, amayamba pansi pamadzi. Kuphatikiza apo, nyamayo, mosazengereza, imagwiritsanso ntchito maenje a beaver kuti ayende kuchoka pamapangidwe ena kupita kwina.
Ma Beavers akuyenera kukambirana padera pano. Izi zidachitika kuti iye ndi desman ndi ochezeka modabwitsa. Ndipo madera omwe amakhala nthawi zambiri amakhala ofanana. Beaver, panjira, alibe chilichonse chotsutsana ndi mnansi wake wokongola. Chowonadi ndi chakuti helminths, yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhumudwitsa beavers ndikubisala mumtsinje wa mollusks, imadzaza ndi chisangalalo mthupi la nyama. Kwa omwe, mwachiwonekere, nyama yayikulupo imawanyamula moleza mtima. Amati nthawi zina munthuyu amangokwera kumsana kwa beaver kwinaku akusambira kuwoloka mtsinjewo.
Imatha kukhala pansi pamadzi kwa mphindi pafupifupi 6. Izi ndi zambiri komanso zochepa. Nthawi iyi ndiyokwanira kuti alowemo ndikugwira chinthu chokoma. Koma m'madzi, kuwonjezera pa nyama zachilengedwe monga ma piki akuluakulu ndi nsomba zam'madzi, desman amadikirira ngozi ina - maukonde osodza!
Ngati chinyama chilowa, chimayamba kuchita mantha ndikusokonezeka. Ndipo popeza imangokhala kwakanthawi kochepa kwambiri pansi pamadzi, yawonongedwa. Wofesayo amwalira ndipo akhoza kupulumutsidwa pokhapokha atalowa mu Red Book.
Munthu amangofunikira kuti athandizire izi, chifukwa ndiye chiwopsezo chachikulu cha nyama zomwe zatsala pang'ono kutha. Ndipo ngati munthawi ya Soviet Union adamenyanadi ndi anthu opha nyama mosayenera, zinthu zasintha.
Izi ndichifukwa choti zinthu zambiri zotsika mtengo zaku China zawonekera pamsika, kuphatikiza maukonde osodza, pamtengo wotsika kwambiri. Tsopano msodzi aliyense amatha kugula imodzi. Izi zidapangitsa kuti agwiritse ntchito kwambiri maukonde posodza.
Izi zidakhudza kwambiri kuchuluka kwa omwe akutsalira ku Russia. Ukonde umodzi wotere, woponyedwa mumtsinjewo, ukhoza kuwononga banja lonse la nyamazi nthawi yomweyo. Kuphatikiza apo, kuwonongeka kwapachaka kwa malo okhala, kuwonongeka kwa mitsinje ndi chilengedwe, ndikukula kwa ziweto, sikumapangitsa chithunzi cha tsogolo la nyamayi.
Malo abwino kwambiri okhala kwa desman ndi malo osungiramo madzi akuya mamita 4-6. Kupezeka kwa magombe owuma okwanira okhala ndi zomera zambiri kudzafunikiranso. Pafupifupi nthawi zonse chinyama chimakhala mu una wake, khomo lomwe limabisidwa pansi pamadzi. Ndipo njira yapansi panthaka nthawi zina imatha kutalika mamita 4.
Mavesi amamangidwa m'njira yoti akhale ndi zigawo zopapatiza komanso zokulirapo. Chifukwa chake, kasupe akafika, mtsinje umasefukira, madzi amadzaza malo onse m'mabowo omwe anakumba a desman, ndipo nyama zomwe zimatha kuthawa bwinobwino, kuthawa ndikubisalira pachinthu china choyandama.
M'nyengo yotentha, zinyama izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zokha, nthawi zina mumatha kukumana ndi angapo. Koma m'nyengo yozizira, chithunzicho chimasinthiratu. Mu dzenje limodzi mutha kuwona mpaka nyama 14 nthawi imodzi! "Nyumba" izi zimawonedwa ngati zakanthawi ndipo nyama iliyonse ili ndi zofanana.
Ubwino waukulu kwambiri kuposa nyama zina zakutchire ndikutheka kwa desman kuti akhale pansi pamadzi kwa nthawi yayitali. Amapumira m'mlengalenga ndi mphuno yake yayitali, osatuluka ngakhale posungira. Kenako, ndikulowerera kwambiri, imatulutsa thovu kwa mphindi zingapo.
M'nyengo yozizira, thovu limasanduka mtundu wopanda kanthu, ndikupangitsa kuti madzi oundana akhale osalimba. Izi ndipo, ndithudi, kununkhira kwa nyama kumakopa nkhono zosiyanasiyana pano. Monga mukuwonera, chinyama sichiyenera kuyesa kupeza chakudya chokha, chimangotsatira zokha.
Koma chilimwe chotentha chimakhala mayeso ovuta kwambiri kwa desman. Dziwe likamauma, amayenera kusamukira kumalo ena, ndipo ndi kuona kwake sichinthu chophweka. Kuphatikiza apo, monga tikukumbukira, pansi siyabwino kwenikweni, ndipo mwina, itha kukhala nyama yosavuta ya mdani aliyense.
Zakudya zabwino
Nyama zokongola izi ndizosusuka kwambiri. Zakudya zawo za tsiku ndi tsiku zimatha kupitirira kulemera kwawo. Chakudya cha chirombocho ndi chosiyanasiyana komanso chodzichepetsa. Koposa zonse amakonda ma molluscs ang'onoang'ono am'mitsinje, leeches, mphutsi ndi tizilombo. Iye mosangalala adzakokera nsomba kapena ngakhale chule mu dzenje lake.
Mwambiri, desman amadziwika kuti ndi mlenje wabwino kwambiri. Tinyanga timakhala tomwe timathandiza kwambiri posaka chakudya. Ndiwo omwe, omwe amagwira ntchito ngati mtundu wa tinyanga, amanjenjemera pang'ono mlengalenga ndi m'madzi, zomwe zimalola kuti nyamayo iziyenda bwino posaka zomwe zimauluka, zokwawa komanso kusambira.
M'mbuyomu, wolowererayo ankamuimba mlandu wowononga nsomba zochuluka kwambiri. M'malo mwake, izi sizowona. Nyama yathu imatha kugwira nsomba zofooka, zodwala kapena zovulala. Chifukwa chake timawonjezera chinthu chimodzi ku zabwino zonse za desman - ndiwodziwika bwino mwadambo!
Kuphatikiza pa zokonda kudya, nyama imakhalanso ndi zokonda zamasamba. Nthawi zina sichimadzikana chokha mndandanda wazomera zolemera mumtsinje. Chilichonse chimagwiritsidwa ntchito, kuyambira pa zimayambira mpaka zipatso.
Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, mpweya ukamatsanulidwa pansi pamadzi, desman amapanga thovu, lomwe, likasambira, limapanga matope athunthu omwe amakopa chidwi cha mitsinje. Nyama imangofunika kusambira m'njira imodzimodziyo ndikusonkhanitsa onse. Mwakutero, ndikwanira kuti desman azidyetsa nthawi yotentha komanso yozizira.
Koma, nthawi zina amasowa zowoneka bwino, ndipo molimba mtima amathamangira ku nsomba yayikulu kapena chule, kuyesa kuigwira. Zowonjezera, mdaniyo azichokabe, komabe malotowo sanathetsedwe. Ndipo, zachidziwikire, wolamulirayo ali ndi adani ambiri m'chilengedwe. Izi ndi pafupifupi zonse zolusa ku zone ya malo ake: ferret, nkhandwe, ermine, mphamba ndi golide mphungu.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Ndipo pankhaniyi, wolandirayo amasiyana ndi nthumwi zambiri za nyama ndipo amachita, mwanjira ina, mwamunthu kwambiri. Chowonadi ndi chakuti nyamayo imatha kulowa m'banja chaka chonse. Zachidziwikire, kasupe ndiye chinthu chofunikira kwambiri. Ndikhululukireni, ndipo kwa anthu ena, ndi nthawi yachilimwe pomwe ma surges apadera amadziwikanso.
Masewera okwatirana a ngwazi yathu imalumikizidwa ndi nkhondo zenizeni kuti chidwi cha wokondedwa wake. Munthawi imeneyi, wamwamuna akupeza kulimba mtima komanso kulimba mtima, zomwe mosakayikira zimamuthandiza pankhondo yolimbana naye.
Nkhondoyo imapanga phokoso lalikulu, koma mwamwayi imatha msanga. Ndipo okwatirana achimwemwe omwe atangokwatirana mwachangu amapuma pantchito yawo kuti agwire ntchito yofunika iyi - kukulitsa anthu a desman.
Popanda kupumula mphindi, atangotha umuna, mkaziyo amakhala womanga. Ndipo patangopita maola ochepa, amapanga chisa momwe ana amabadwira. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti amayi adzaleka kusiya malowa mpaka m'badwo watsopano utabadwa.
Nthawi ya bere la desman ili pafupifupi mwezi umodzi ndi theka. Dziwani kuti amayi ake amakhala abwino kwambiri. Amakhudza mwachikondi komanso mwachikondi ana ake, kuwayang'anira kwambiri, kuwakonda nthawi zonse, kuwadyetsa osasiya kwa mphindi.
Pakapita kanthawi, makolowo amakonza chisa china pafupi, chomwe ndi "malo okwerera ndege" omwe amawalola kubisala pamenepo ndi ana awo pakagwa ngozi mwadzidzidzi. Ndipo pamene mkazi akuchoka pamodzi ndi ana, bambo wopanda mantha amasokoneza chidwi cha mdani kwa iyemwini.
Muukwati, monga lamulo, ana asanu ndi mmodzi amabadwa. Ndipo ngati gawo lakumanga silikhala lokwanira, mabanja angapo amatha kulumikizana mu dzenje limodzi. Komanso, iwo amakhala mwamtendere ndithu.
Miyezi ingapo pambuyo pake, mbadwo wachichepere umachoka panyumba ya makolo, kutsatira chilengedwe cha chilengedwe ndikuyamba njira yodziyimira payokha. Ndikumva kuti achita bwino, makolowo amathokoza wina ndi mnzake chifukwa cha nthawi yayikulu ndikubalalika mbali zosiyanasiyana. Zitha kudutsana mtsogolo, koma sindimazindikira kwenikweni.
Mwambiri, zambiri pamakhalidwe ndi moyo wa cholengedwa ichi zikadali chinsinsi chachikulu kwa anthu. Milandu yosiyanasiyana idafotokozedwa ndi anthu omwe anali ndi mwayi wokumana ndi wolanda ali paulendo. Ena amati nyamayo ndi yosusuka kwambiri moti imangodya nyama ngakhale itagwira mchira wake mozondoka.
Munkhani ina, adakana kudya masiku ambiri. Amati mayi wamantha woopsa amatha kuluma ana ake onse. Ndipo magwero ena akuti ngakhale atagwidwa mu khola, samasiya kudyetsa ana ake.
Chinthu chimodzi chinganenedwe ndi chidaliro chonse: mukasungidwa mu ukapolo, desman amatha kuzolowera mikhalidwe yatsopano, ambuye ndipo amatha kudya m'manja mwanu. Koma palibe amene wapambana pomuthandiza. Samagwirizana ndi aliyense. Ali ndi mantha ovuta kwambiri.
Chabwino, kamodzinso kumasula, nthawi yomweyo amataya mawonekedwe onse a chiweto ndikuyamba kukhala ngati nyama yamtchire. Ndipo zonse zomwe munthu angachite ndikuteteza kwambiri cholengedwa chodabwitsa ichi, chomwe chimamwetulira nthawi zonse.
Musaiwale kuti woperekayo wakhala pano nthawi yayitali kwambiri kuposa ife. Koma ndi ife omwe tidapangitsa kuti tisowa kwathunthu. Yakwana nthawi yoti tiwonetse omwe tili - abwenzi kapena adani achilengedwe, omwe amatithandiza nthawi zonse, amatipatsa mowolowa manja ndi zinthu zake ndikudzaza dziko lapansi ndi kukongola.
