Moray - mtundu wa nsomba zazikulu, zodya nyama ya njoka. Ma Moray eel amakhala nzika zaku Mediterranean, zomwe zimapezeka munyanja zonse zotentha, makamaka m'madzi am'nyanja ndi miyala. Amachita nkhanza. Pali zochitika zodziwika bwino za ma moray eels omwe amawononga anthu osiyanasiyana popanda chidwi.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Maonekedwe a thupi, njira yosambira komanso mawonekedwe owopsa ndizo zizindikiritso za ma moray eels. Njira zosinthira mu nsomba wamba zimasintha zipsepse - ziwalo zoyenda. Ma Moray eels amapangidwa mwanjira ina: amakonda ma bend a thupi kuponyera zipsepse.
Moray — nsomba osati pang'ono. Kutalika kwa thupi la moray eel kumalumikizidwa ndi kuwonjezeka kwa ma vertebrae, osati ndi kutalika kwa vertebra iliyonse. Zowonjezera ma vertebrae zimaphatikizidwa pakati pa madera omwe anali asanachitike caudal ndi caudal a msana.
Kutalika kwa munthu wokhwima pafupifupi 1 m, kulemera kwake ndi pafupifupi 20 kg. Pali mitundu ing'onoing'ono, yopitirira 0,6 m m'litali komanso yosaposa 10 kg. Pali nsomba zazikuluzikulu: kutalika kwa mita imodzi ndi theka, zomwe zakula mpaka 50 kg.
Thupi la moray eel limayamba ndi mutu waukulu. Mphuno yayitali imagawidwa pakamwa pakamwa. Mayina akuthwa, tapered mzere umodzi uli ndi nsagwada zakumtunda ndi zapansi. Kuwagwira, kuwagwira, ndi kuwatulutsa chidutswa cha mnofu ndi ntchito ya mano ofoola.
Kusintha zida zawo zazikulu, ma moray eels adapeza mawonekedwe, omwe asayansi amatcha "pharyngognathia". Iyi ndi nsagwada ina yomwe ili m kholingo. Pogwira nyama, nsagwada zimayenda patsogolo.
Chikhocho chimatengedwa ndi mano omwe amakhala m themasaya onse a nsombazo. Ndiye pharyngeal moray eel nsagwada pamodzi ndi wovulalayo, imasunthira pamalo pomwe idalipo. Nyamayo ili m kholingo, imayamba kuyenda mozungulira. Asayansi amagwirizanitsa mawonekedwe a nsagwada ya pharyngeal ndi ntchito yosakhwima yomwe imameza ma moray eels.
Pamwamba pa nsagwada yakumtunda, kutsogolo kwa mphunoyo, pali maso ang'onoang'ono. Amalola nsombazo kusiyanitsa pakati pa kuwala, mthunzi, zinthu zosuntha, koma osapereka chithunzi chowonekera cha malo ozungulira. Ndiye kuti, masomphenya amathandizira.
Moray eel amaphunzira za kuyandikira kwa nyamayo mwa kununkhiza. Kutseguka kwa nsombazo kumakhala patsogolo pa maso, pafupifupi kumapeto kwa mphuno. Pali mabowo anayi, awiri a iwo ndiosawonekeratu, awiri amadziwika ngati ma machubu. Mamolekyu onunkhira amafikira maselo amalandila kudzera m'mphuno kudzera munjira zamkati. Kuchokera kwa iwo, chidziwitso chimapita kuubongo.
Zakudya zamtundu wa kulawa zimapezeka osati pakamwa pokha, koma zimabalalika padziko lonse lapansi. Mwinanso kutengeka ndi thupi lonse kumathandizira ma moray eel omwe amakhala m'mipanda, m'ming'alu, m'madzi m'mapanga ochepa kuti amve ndikumvetsetsa zomwe zikuchitika mozungulira, ndi ndani kapena ndi omwe ali pafupi.
Mutu wa moray umayenda bwino mthupi. Kusinthaku sikuwonekeratu, kuphatikiza chifukwa chosavundikira ma gill. Nsomba wamba, kuti zizitha kuyenderera m'mitsempha, zimatunga madzi ndi pakamwa pawo, zimamasulidwa kudzera pachikuto cha ma gill. Ma Moray eels amalowa ndikutuluka m'madzi opopedwa kudzera m'makutu kudzera pakamwa. Ichi ndichifukwa chake amakhala otseguka nawo nthawi zonse.
Chiyambi cha dorsal, dorsal fin chimagwirizana ndi kutha kwa mutu ndikusintha kwa thupi. Mapeto ake amafikira kumchira womwewo. Mitundu ina, imawonekera ndipo imapatsa nsombazo kufanana ndi riboni, mwa zina ndizofooka, zotere zotere zimafanana ndi njoka.
Mapeto a caudal ndikupitilira kwachilengedwe kwa matupi osalala a thupi. Silimasiyanitsidwa ndi dorsal fin ndipo ilibe ma lobes. Udindo wake pakukonza kayendedwe ka nsomba ndiyochepa; chifukwa chake, kumapeto kwake kumakhala kochepa.
Nsomba zomwe zimakhala ndi ziwombankhanga zilibe zipsepse zam'mimba, ndipo mitundu yambiri ilibe zipsepse zam'mimba. Zotsatira zake, gulu la ma eels, dzina lasayansi la Anguilliformes, adalandira dzina lachiwiri Apode, lomwe limatanthauza "wopanda mwendo".
Mu nsomba wamba, poyenda, thupi limapinda, koma pang'ono pokha. Kugwedezeka kwamphamvu kwambiri kumagwera kumapeto kwa mchira. Mu ma eel ndi ma moray eel, kuphatikiza, thupi limapindika kutalika kwake konse ndimatalikidwe omwewo.
Chifukwa cha kuyenda kosasunthika, ma moray amayenda m'madzi. Kuthamanga kwambiri sikungatheke motere, koma mphamvu imagwiritsidwa ntchito pachuma. Moray akuyamba kufunafuna chakudya pakati pa miyala ndi miyala yamchere. M'malo otere, magwiridwe antchito othamanga sofunikira kwenikweni.
Kufanana kwa njoka kumakwaniritsidwa chifukwa chosowa masikelo. Ma moray eel amaphimbidwa ndi mafuta ochepetsa. Mtundu uli wosiyanasiyana. Moray eel pachithunzichi nthawi zambiri imawoneka ngati zovala zachisangalalo, m'nyanja zam'malo otentha mitundu yotere imatha kubisala.
Mitundu
Mtundu wamtundu wa moray ndi gawo la banja la Muraenidae, ndiye kuti, ma moray eels. Ili ndi mitundu ina 15 ndi mitundu pafupifupi 200 ya nsomba. Ndi 10 okha omwe angawerengedwe kuti ndi otayika.
- Muraena appendiculata - Amakhala m'madzi a Pacific kunyanja ya Chile.
- Muraena argus ndi mitundu yofala. Amapezeka pafupi ndi Galapagos, gombe la Mexico, Peru.
- Muraena augusti - wopezeka munyanja ya Atlantic, m'madzi oyandikana ndi North Africa ndi gombe lakumwera kwa Europe. Amasiyana ndi mtundu wachilendo: madontho osowa pang'ono pamtundu wakuda.
- Muraena clepsydra - malowa amaphimba madzi am'mphepete mwa nyanja ku Mexico, Panama, Costa Rica, Colombia.
- Muraena helena - Kuphatikiza pa Nyanja ya Mediterranean, imapezeka kum'mawa kwa Atlantic. Amadziwika ndi mayina: Mediterranean, European moray eels. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwake, amadziwika bwino kusambira osiyanasiyana ndi ichthyologists.
- Muraena lentiginosa - kupatula komwe kwawo, kum'mawa kwa Pacific Ocean, imawonekera m'madzi am'madzi, chifukwa cha kutalika kwake komanso utoto wowoneka bwino.
- Muraena melanotis - izi moray eel m'nyanja yotentha ya Atlantic, kumadzulo ndi kum'mawa kwake.
- Muraena pavonina - wotchedwa moray eel. Malo ake ndi madzi ofunda a Atlantic.
- Muraena retifera ndi ukonde wamtambo. Munali mwa mtundu uwu pomwe nsagwada za pharyngeal zidapezeka.
- Muraena robusta - amakhala ku Atlantic, omwe amapezeka nthawi zambiri kumadera akum'mawa kwa nyanja.
Pofotokozera mitundu yamtundu wa mawa, nthawi zambiri timakambirana za chimphona chachikulu. Nsombayi ndi ya mtundu wa Gymnothorax, dzina la makina: Gymnothorax. Pali mitundu 120 mumtunduwu. Zonsezi ndizofanana kwambiri ndi nsomba za mtundu wa moray eel, dzina la sayansi la mtunduwo ndi Muraena. Nzosadabwitsa kuti ma moray eels ndi hymnothorax ndi am banja limodzi. Hymnothorax ambiri ali ndi mawu oti "moray" m'maina awo wamba. Mwachitsanzo: wobiriwira, Turkey, madzi abwino ndi chimphona chimphona.
Mbalame yotchedwa moray eel ndi yotchuka kwambiri makamaka chifukwa cha kukula kwake ndi nkhanza zake. Nsombayi ili ndi dzina lomwe limawonetsa bwino mtunduwo - Javanese Gymnothorax, m'Chilatini: Gymnothorax javanicus.
Kuphatikiza pa Gymnothorax, palinso mtundu wina womwe umatchulidwa nthawi zambiri pofotokozera ma moray eels - awa ndi ma megader. Kunja, sizosiyana kwambiri ndi ma moray eel enieni. Mbali yaikulu ndi mano amphamvu omwe echidna moray amawombera zipolopolo za mollusks, chakudya chawo chachikulu. Dzinalo megadera limafanana: echidna ndi echidna moray eels. Mtunduwo siwambiri: mitundu 11 yokha.
- Echidna amblyodon - amakhala m'dera la zisumbu zaku Indonesia. Malinga ndi malo ake, amatchedwa Sulawesian moray eel.
- Echidna catenata ndi unyolo wamtambo. Amapezeka m'mphepete mwa nyanja, kumtunda kwakumadzulo kwa Atlantic. Wotchuka ndi ma aquarists.
- Echidna delicatula. Dzina lina la nsomba iyi ndi yokongola ya echidna moray eel. Amakhala m'miyala yamchere yapafupi ndi Sri Lanka, Samoa, ndi zilumba zakumwera kwa Japan.
- Echidna leucotaenia ndi khungu loyera loyera. Amakhala m'madzi osaya kuchokera ku Line Islands, Tuamotu, Johnston.
- Echidna nebulosa. Masamba ake ndi Micronesia, gombe lakum'mawa kwa Africa, Hawaii. Nsombazi zimatha kuwonedwa m'madzi am'madzi. Mayina wamba ndi matalala a chipale chofewa, nyenyezi kapena nyenyezi.
- Echidna nocturna - nsombazo zidasankha Gulf of California, nyanja zam'mphepete mwa Peru, Galapagos kukhalapo kwawo.
- Echidna peli - wodziwika kuti mwala wamtengo wapatali. Amakhala kum'mawa kwa Atlantic.
- Echidna polyzona - wamizeremizere kapena kambuku moray eel, zebra eel. Mayina onse amalandiridwa ndi mtundu wachilendo. Mbali yake ndi Nyanja Yofiira, zilumba zomwe zili pakati pa East Africa ndi Great Barrier Reef, Hawaii.
- Echidna rhodochilus - Amadziwika kuti pinki ya milomo ya pinki. Amakhala pafupi ndi India ndi Philippines.
- Echidna unicolor ndi mtundu wa monochromatic moray eel, womwe umapezeka pakati pa miyala yamchere ya Pacific.
- Echidna xanthospilos - adziwa bwino nyanja zam'mphepete mwa zilumba zaku Indonesia komanso Papua New Guinea.
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Ma moray ambiri amakhala m'madzi amchere. Nyanja yamchere amatsogolera kukhalapo pafupi-pansi. Masana, ali pogona - matanthwe a miyala yamtengo wapatali kapena miyala, niche, burrow. Thupi lonse labisika, mutu umawululidwa panja ndi pakamwa potsegula.
Moray eel nthawi zonse amapukusa mutu wake mundege yopingasa. Umu ndi momwe ntchito ziwiri zimakwaniritsidwira: kuwunikira malo ozungulira kumachitika ndipo kupitilira kwamadzi kudzera pakamwa kumaperekedwa. Ma Moray eels amadziwika kuti alibe chivundikiro cha ma gill. Madzi amabwera m'mitsinje ndipo amatuluka pakamwa.
Ma Moray eels ndi nsomba zopanda madzi. Kuzama komwe nsomba iyi imapezekako sikupitilira mita 50. Kusafuna kulowa mwakuya kwambiri kumachitika chifukwa cha chikondi cha kutentha. Kutentha kwamadzi komwe amakonda ndi 22 - 27 ° C. Zilumba, miyala yamiyala, miyala yolowa m'malo osanjikiza m'nyanja zam'malo otentha - zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azisowa.
Zomwe zili moray eels mu aquarium
Omwe adayamba kukhala m'madzi kuti azisunga ma moray anali Aroma akale. M'madamu amiyala - ma vivariums - adatulutsa ma moray eels. Tinawadyetsa. Tinali ndi mwayi wolawa zatsopano moray eel... Olemba mbiri samapatula kuti akapolo omwe sanagwire bwino ntchitoyi kapena osalemekeza eni ake amapatsidwa ma moray eel kuti adye.
Akatswiri am'madzi amakono amasunga ma moray eel kuti azikongoletsa komanso kujambula. Mu ma moray eel, amakopeka, choyambirira, ndi mawonekedwe achilendo ndi zoopsa, nthawi zambiri zopeka, zochokera ku ma moray eel. Kuphatikiza apo, ma moray eel amalimbana ndi matenda, osadzichepetsa pakudya.
Mitundu yodziwika kwambiri yam'madzi am'madzi am'madzi ndi echidna star moray eel, dzina la sayansi: Echidna nebulosa, ndi eel-tailed moray eel, kapena Gymnothorax miliaris. Mitundu ina imapezekanso, koma mtengo wake ndiwokwera chifukwa chakuchepa kwawo.
Mitengo ina yamchere imawerengedwa kuti ndi madzi abwino. Koma izi zimadziwika kuti kusinthasintha kwa nsomba m'madzi amchere amitundumitundu. Ma Moray eels amakhala omasuka kwambiri m'madzi am'madzi omwe amatulutsa mawonekedwe am'miyala.
Zakudya zabwino
Chiwombankhanga amagwiritsa ntchito zakudya zamapuloteni zokha. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana yama moray eel imangoyang'ana mtundu wina wa nyama. Ambiri amakonda zamoyo zochepa zam'madzi. Izi zikuphatikiza:
- nsomba zomwe zimamezedwa kwathunthu;
- octopus, moray eels amadyedwa m'magawo, kutulutsa zidutswa za mnofu;
- cuttlefish, moray eels amawachitira nkhanza ngati ma octopus.
Mitundu yocheperako yama moray ndi ma durophages, ndiye kuti, nyama zomwe zimadyetsa zamoyo zomwe zatsekedwa mu chipolopolo. Mbalame zoterezi zimapha nkhanu, nkhono, ndi nkhono.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Pafupifupi zaka zitatu zakubadwa, mphesa zoyamba zimayamba kusamalira ana awo. Amakhulupirira kuti ma moray eel ali ndi ziwalo zoberekera za amuna ndi akazi. Komabe, njira yoberekera imakhala yophatikizana: ma eel awiri ophatikizana amalumikizana. Kulumikizana koteroko kumachitika pachimake pachilimwe, pomwe madzi amatentha kwambiri.
Imodzi mwa ma moray eel imatulutsa caviar, inayo imatulutsa mkaka. Zinthu ziwirizi zimamasulidwa momasuka kulowa m'madzi, kusakanikirana, ndipo mazira ambiri amaphatikizidwa ndi umuna. Ndiye kuti, njira yoberekera ndi pelagic - m'mbali yamadzi.
Komanso, mazirawo amasiyidwa okha. Pambuyo pa masabata 1-2, mphutsi zimabadwa. Asanachite mwachangu, mphutsi zazing'onoting'ono, mphutsi zimasunthira kwa nthawi yayitali pamwamba pamadzi. Pa gawo ili la moyo wawo, mphutsi zimadya ma detritus oimitsidwa m'madzi - zigawo zazing'ono kwambiri zoyambira.
Akamakula, mbozi zimasamukira ku plankton. Komanso, kukula kwa chakudya kumawonjezeka. Achinyamata achichepere amayamba kufunafuna chitetezo, amasamukira ku moyo wa nsomba zodya nyama. Moray eels amatha zaka 10 za moyo wawo kuyezedwa ndi chilengedwe mnyumba mwawo, kupita kokasaka ndi kubereka.
Njira zoberekera za moray eels sizimamveka bwino. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunika kwambiri kupeza mphutsi zopukutira m'malo opangira zinthu. Kwa nthawi yoyamba mu aquarium kunali kotheka kubweretsa ana a moray eels mu 2014. Izi zidachitika ku Austria, ku Schönbrunn Zoo. Izi zidapangitsa chidwi padziko lapansi la ichthyological.
Mtengo
Ma Moray eels amatha kugulitsidwa pazinthu ziwiri: monga chakudya komanso ngati nsomba yokongoletsa - wokhala mu aquarium. M'malo ogulitsa nsomba, ma moray eel amagulitsidwa osakhala achilendo, kapena oundana, kapena osuta. Ku Mediterranean, mayiko aku South Asia, ma moray eel amapezeka mosavuta ngati chakudya.
Amateurs aku Russia nthawi zambiri samadya ma moray eel, koma amawasunga m'madzi. Mitundu ina, mwachitsanzo matailosi a Gymnothorax, imatha kukhala m'madzi abwino nthawi yayitali. Ndizachilengedwe kuti ma moray eel azipezeka m'madzi am'madzi.
Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ndi echidna star moray eel. Mtengo wake ndi 2300-2500 rubles. kope lililonse. Kwa kambuku moray echidna amapempha ma ruble 6500-7000. Palinso mitundu yotsika mtengo kwambiri. Mtengo wake ndiyofunika kuwona chidutswa cha nyanja yotentha kunyumba.
Musanalankhule ndi ma moray eel, funso limakhala loti: Moray eel ndi poyizoni kapena ayi... Pankhani yoluma, yankho ndi ayi. Pokonzekera moray eels kuti adye, ndibwino kudziwa komwe adachokera.
Ma moray akale omwe amakhala m'malo otentha nthawi zambiri amadyetsa nsomba zapoizoni, amadzipezera poyizoni m'chiwindi ndi ziwalo zina. Chifukwa chake, ma moray eel a ku Mediterranean amatha kudyedwa mosamala, ndibwino kukana kuchokera ku nsomba zomwe zimagwidwa ku Caribbean.
