M'nthano ndi nthano zaku Greece Yakale, zolengedwa zoyipa zimatchulidwa, theka mbalame, theka akazi, omwe milungu idawatumiza kukalanga anthu olakwa. Anaba miyoyo ya anthu, ana obedwa, chakudya ndi ziweto.
Ana aakazi awa okhala ndi mapiko a mulungu wam'madzi Tavmant ndi nyanja yamchere Electra adateteza zipata za Tartarus wapansi panthaka, nthawi ndi nthawi amagwera malo okhala anthu, akuwononga ndikusowa mwachangu ngati kamvuluvulu. Lingaliro "zeze"Kuchokera ku Chigriki kumatanthauzidwa kuti" kubedwa "," kugwira ". Chowopsa komanso chosangalatsa nthawi yomweyo. Mbalame yodyerayi ndi ya mbalame zokhala ngati mbewa. Sizachidziwikire kuti adatchulidwa ndi zolengedwa zopeka, ali ndi mtima woyipa.
Amwenyewo sanaope ngakhale mbalame yodya nyama ngati ya harpy. Kuthamanga, kukula, kukwiya komanso mphamvu zimapangitsa mbalamezi kukhala zowopsa. Eni ake minda ya ku Peru adalengeza za nkhondo yonse pama harpies pomwe amasaka nyama zoweta. Nthawi zina kunali kosatheka kupeza mbalame kapena galu wamng'ono, wosaka wopanda nzeru nthawi zonse amatenga nawo mbali.
Amwenyewa anali ndi nthano zonena kuti mbalame yamphongo imatha kuphwanya mutu wa nyama komanso munthu. Ndipo munthuyu ndi woipa komanso wokwiya msanga. Aliyense amene amakhoza kumugwira ndikumusunga mu ukapolo anali kulemekezedwa kwambiri ndi abale ake. Chowonadi ndichakuti anthu am'deralo amapanga zodzikongoletsera zamtengo wapatali kwambiri ndi nthenga za mbalamezi. Ndipo nkosavuta kuzipeza kuchokera ku mbalame yomwe yagwidwa kuyambira ali aang'ono kuposa kusaka mbalame zazikulu.
Ngati m'modzi mwa aborigine adali ndi mwayi wopha mwana wamkazi wamkulu waku South America, monyadira adadutsa nyumba zonse, kutolera msonkho kwa aliyense monga chimanga, mazira, nkhuku ndi zinthu zina. Nyama za nkhuku za Harpy, mafuta ndi ndowe zinali zamtengo wapatali ndi mafuko a Amazon, ndipo amatchedwa machiritso mozizwitsa. Dziko la Panama lasankha chithunzi cha mlenje wodabwitsayu pazovala zake, monga chizindikiro cha dzikolo.
Tsopano mbalame ya harpy imaphatikizidwa mu Red Book. Pali anthu pafupifupi 50,000 okha omwe atsala, kuchuluka kwawo kukucheperachepera chifukwa cha kudula mitengo mwachisawawa komanso kuchuluka kwa ana. Banja limodzi la mbalame zamtundu winawake limabereka ndikulera mwana mmodzi pakatha zaka ziwiri zilizonse. Chifukwa chake ma zeze ali mgawo lamphamvu zowongolera maboma. Sizingasandulike nthano chabe, zachisoni komanso ayi kuchokera ku Greece wakale ...
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Mbalame ya harpy yaku South America Wamphamvu zonse ndi wamphamvu zonse. M'malo mwake, ndi chiwombankhanga cha m'nkhalango. Ndi yayikulu, mpaka mita kukula kwake, yokhala ndi mapiko a mita ziwiri. Zeze wachikazi nthawi zambiri amakhala wamkulu kuwirikiza kawiri kuposa anzawo, ndipo amalemera kwambiri, pafupifupi 9 kg. Ndipo amuna ali pafupifupi 4.5-4.8 kg. Akazi ndi amphamvu kwambiri, koma amuna amatha msanga. Kusiyana kwa mitundu sikungachitike.
Mutu ndi wawukulu, wonyezimira wonyezimira. Ndipo imakongoletsedwa ndi mlomo wokhotakhota wokhala ndi mthunzi wakuda, wolimba kwambiri komanso wokwera kwambiri. Miyendo ndi yolimba, imathera ndi zala zazitali ndi zikhadabo zazikulu zopindika. Nthenga zake ndizofewa komanso zochuluka.
Kumbuyo kwake ndi koterera, mimba ili yoyera ndimadontho a anthracite, mchira ndi mapiko amakhalanso otuwa mdima wokhala ndi mikwingwirima yakuda ndi yoyera, ndi "mkanda" wakuda kuzungulira khosi. Ngati zeze wina wasokonezeka, nthenga zomwe zili pamutu pake zimaima, kukhala ngati makutu kapena nyanga. Harpy kujambulidwa nthawi zambiri amawonekera nawo.
Palinso chinthu china chosiyananso ndi mbalameyi - nthenga zazitali kumbuyo kwa mutu, zomwe zimatulukanso mwamphamvu, ndikukhala ngati hood. Pakadali pano, akuti, makutu awo amamva bwino.
Paws ndi amphamvu, otsekedwa. Komanso claw ndi chida chowopsa. Pafupifupi 10 cm kutalika, lakuthwa komanso cholimba. Lupanga, osatinso china. Mbalameyi ndi yamphamvu, imatha kukweza kulemera kwake ndi mawoko ake, mwachitsanzo mphalapala kapena galu.
Maso ndi amdima, anzeru, akumva ndiabwino, masomphenya ndi osiyana. Chimbalangondo chimatha kuwona chinthu chofanana ndi ndalama za ruble zisanu kuchokera ku 200 m. Mukuuluka, imayamba kuthamanga mpaka 80 km / h. Ngakhale harpy ndi ya dongosolo la mphamba, chifukwa cha kukula kwake, kukhala tcheru ndi kufanana kwake amatchedwa chiwombankhanga chachikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi.
Mitundu
Ambiri ndi otchuka kwambiri pakati pa zeze ndi South America kapena harpy wamkulu... Mbalameyi ndiye mbalame yayikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, malinga ndi akatswiri ambiri.
Imakhala pamwamba, 900-1000 m pamwamba pamadzi, nthawi zina mpaka 2000. Malinga ndi asayansi, mbalame ya harpy yaku South America ndiyachiwiri kukula kwake kwa mphungu yotchuka ya Haast, yomwe idasowa m'zaka za zana la 15. Pali mitundu ina itatu ya harpy - New Guinea, Guiana ndi Philippines.
Guiana harpy ali ndi kukula kwa thupi kwa 70 mpaka 90 cm, mapiko otalika pafupifupi 1.5 m (138-176 cm). Amuna amalemera kuyambira 1.75 kg mpaka 3 kg, akazi amakhala okulirapo pang'ono. Amakhala ku South America, amakhala kudera lalikulu kuchokera ku Guatemala mpaka kumpoto kwa Argentina. Dera limakhudza mayiko ambiri: Honduras, French Guiana, Brazil, Paraguay, kum'mawa kwa Bolivia, ndi zina zambiri. Amakhala m'nkhalango zotentha kwambiri, amakonda zigwa za mitsinje.
Mbalame yayikulu imakhala ndi mdima waukulu pamutu pake ndi mchira wautali. Mutu ndi khosi palokha ndi zofiirira, thupi lakumunsi ndi loyera, koma pamakhala zotsekemera pamimba. Kumbuyo kwake ndi kofiirira, wakuda ndi ma specs a phula. Mapiko otambalala ndi mchira waukulu zimalola nyama zolusa kuyendetsa mwaluso m'ziyangoyango pofuna nyama.
Mbalame yamphongo yotchedwa Guiana imatha kukhala limodzi ndi harpy yaku South America. Koma ndiyocheperako, chifukwa chake imakhala yopanga zochepa. Amapewa kupikisana ndi wachibale wamkulu. Menyu yake imapangidwa ndi nyama zazing'ono, mbalame ndi njoka.
Mbira yatsopano - mbalame yodya nyama, kuyambira kukula kwa masentimita 75 mpaka 90. Mapazi opanda nthenga. Mapikowo ndi ofupika. Mchira wokhala ndi mikwingwirima yofiira malasha. Zosiyanitsa ndizopanga nkhope ndi kakhanda kakang'ono koma kosatha pamutu. Thupi lakumtunda ndi lofiirira, imvi, thupi lakumunsi ndilopepuka, pastel ndi beige. Mlomo ndi wakuda.
Chakudya chake ndi ma macaque, nyama, mbalame ndi amphibians. Amakhala m'nkhalango zamvula ku New Guinea. Amakhala pamwamba pamadzi, pafupifupi 3.5-4 km. Amakonda moyo wokhazikika. Nthawi zina imatha kuthamanga pansi pambuyo pa wovulalayo, koma nthawi zambiri imangoyenderera mlengalenga, ikumvetsera ndikuyang'anitsitsa phokoso la nkhalango.
Philippine Harpy (yemwenso amadziwika kuti Monkey Eagle) adawonedwa m'zaka za zana la 19 pachilumba cha Philippine ku Samar. Kwa zaka zambiri kuchokera pamene anatulukira, manambala ake atsika kwambiri. Tsopano ndizosowa kwambiri, kuchuluka kwa anthu tsopano kwatsika mpaka 200-400.
Izi zimachitika makamaka chifukwa cha kuzunzidwa mopanda malire ndi anthu komanso kusokonekera kwa malo okhala, kudula mitengo mwachisawawa. Izi ndizowopseza kutha. Amakhala kuzilumba za Philippines komanso kunkhalango. Pali anthu angapo m'malo osungira nyama otchuka.
Zikuwoneka ngati mbalame zina zam'banja lake - msana wonyezimira phula, pamimba mopepuka, pakatikati pamutu, mlomo wolimba wopapatiza komanso zikopa zachikaso. Mutu womwewo ndi wachikasu-wachikasu mumtundu wakuda.
Kukula kwa harpy iyi mpaka 1 mita, mapiko ake amapitilira mita ziwiri. Akazi amalemera mpaka 8 kg, amuna mpaka 4 kg. Chakudya chomwe amakonda kwambiri - ma macaque, amenya nkhuku zoweta, akuwulukira m'midzi. Itha kulumanso nyama zazikulu - kuyang'anira abuluzi, mbalame, njoka ndi abulu.
Sanyoza mileme, agologolo ndi mapiko aubweya. Amasaka awiriawiri bwino kwambiri kuposa amodzi. Amachita bwino kwambiri - imodzi imawulukira pagulu lama macaque, ndikuwasokoneza, ndipo yachiwiri imagwira nyama. Ndi kunyada komanso mascot adziko la Philippines. Chifukwa cha kupha kwake amalandila chilango chokhwima kuposa cha munthu. Mwanjira ina, imatha kuwerengedwa pakati pa abale a zeze ndi ziwombankhanga, ziwombankhanga, ndi mpheta.
Wolemba zachilengedwe wotchuka Alfred Bram, wolemba ntchito yodabwitsa "The Life of Animals", adalongosola zambiri za mbalame zam'banja la hawk. Pali zofananira zambiri pamakhalidwe awo, moyo wawo komanso mawonekedwe awo.
Onsewo ndi mbalame zodya nyama kuchokera pagulu la mbalame zomwe zimamenyana, zimangodya nyama zamoyo zokha. Samakumana ndi zovuta zamtundu uliwonse wosaka, amamugwira mwaluso mwakuwuluka, ndipo ikathamanga, amakhala kapena amasambira. Ozungulira onse amtundu wawo. Malo omanga zisa amasankhidwa ndi omwe amabisika kwambiri. Nyengo ndi njira zoswana ndizofanana kwa aliyense.
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Mbalame ya ku South America ya Harpy imapezeka m'nkhalango zamvula zambiri ku Central ndi South America, kuyambira Mexico mpaka pakati pa Brazil, komanso kuchokera kunyanja ya Atlantic mpaka Pacific. Nthawi zambiri amakhala m'malo othyola kwambiri, pafupi ndi madzi. Ndipo amakhala okha awiriawiri, ndikukhala okhulupirika kwa wina ndi mnzake.
Zisa zimamangidwa kwambiri, pafupifupi 50 m kutalika. Chisa ndi chachikulu, 1.7 m m'mimba mwake ndi kupitilira apo, kapangidwe kake ndi kolimba, kopangidwa ndi nthambi zakuda, moss ndi masamba. Zeze sakonda kuuluka kuchokera kumalo kupita kwina, amakonda kumanga chisa chimodzi kwa zaka zingapo. Moyo wawo umangokhala.
Kamodzi pakatha zaka ziwiri zilizonse, yaikazi imayika dzira limodzi lachikaso. Ana achifumu. Ndipo makolo amalera mwana wankhuku. Ali ndi miyezi 10, amawuluka kale bwino, koma amakhala ndi makolo ake. Ndipo iwo, ngati akumva kuti alipo ochepa, amamuteteza malinga momwe angathere. Pafupi ndi chisa, harpy imatha kumenya munthu ndikumuvulaza kwambiri.
Nyama yayikulu kwambiri yomwe amakhala ku zoo ndi Yezebeli. Kulemera kwake kunali 12.3 kg. Koma izi ndizapadera kuposa zachilendo. Mbalame yogwidwa singaimire kukula kwake. Amayenda pang'ono kuposa zakutchire, ndipo amadya kwambiri.
Anthu ambiri amafuna kugula mbalame ya harpy, ngakhale zili zovuta. Mosasamala mtengo. Ali mu ukapolo, amayesa kusunga zinthu pafupi ndi masiku onse. Koma malo osungira nyama abwino okha ndi omwe angachite izi. Munthu wachinsinsi sayenera kutenga nawo gawo pa moyo wa cholengedwa chodabwitsa ichi. Alipo ochepa.
Pali zochitika zina za azeze ogwidwa ukapolo. Mu khola, amatha kukhala wopanda nthawi yayitali, kuti nthawi zina mumutenge ngati wopanda moyo kapena mbalame yodzaza. Momwe amatha kubisalira, momwemonso amatha kukwiya kapena kuchita ndewu akaona mbalame kapena nyama ina iliyonse.
Kenako amayamba kuthamanga mozungulira khola, mawonekedwe ake amakhala olusa, amasangalala kwambiri, amasuntha mwadzidzidzi ndikufuula mokweza. Pokhala mu ukapolo kwa nthawi yayitali, samakhala wowuma, samakhulupirira komanso sanazolowere anthu, amatha kuwukira munthu. Ikakwiya, mbalameyi imatha kupindika chitsulo chachikwere. Pano pali mkaidi wowopsa.
Zakudya zabwino
Adyedwe amadyetsa zinyama. Sloth, anyani, possums ndi mphuno ndiwo mndandanda wake. Nthawi zina amagwira mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe ndi njoka. Tingaphatikizepo mbalame zina zazikulu pamenyu pafupipafupi. Agouti, anteater, armadillo amathanso kukhala nyama yawo. Ndipo iye yekha, mwina, amatha kuthana ndi nungu. Ana a nkhumba, ana ankhosa, nkhuku, agalu, ngakhale amphaka amatha kuzunzidwa.
Khalani nawo mbalame yodya nyama pali dzina lachiwiri - wodya nyani. Ndipo chifukwa cha chizolowezi chomwa izi, anali pafupipafupi ndipo ali pachiwopsezo cha moyo wake. Mitundu yambiri yakomweko imawona nyani nyama zopatulika, motsatana, wosaka nyamawo amaphedwa.
Amasaka okha masana. Kawirikawiri omwe amazunzidwa amabisala pakati pa nthambi ndikuganiza kuti sangaphedwe. Koma mbalame yodya nyama, ya harpy, imayenda mofulumira kwambiri, ikuyenda mosavuta pakati pa nkhalango, ndipo mwadzidzidzi imagwira nyama yake.
Zolimba zamphamvu zimamufinya mwamphamvu, nthawi zina zimathyola mafupa. Komabe, palibe chomwe chimamulepheretsa kuyendetsa nyama yake m'chigwa. Amatha kunyamula mwana wamkazi mosavuta. Chifukwa cha liwiro lake komanso mwadzidzidzi, mosapeweka komanso mwamakani, mofananamo ndi nthano yake yopeka, adalandira dzinali.
Mbalame Yaku South America ya Harpy chilombo chosowa. Amatulutsa trachea kuchokera ku nyama yamoyo, ndikupangitsa kuti izivutika kwa nthawi yayitali. Nkhanza izi zimachitika mwachilengedwe. Mbalameyo imabweretsa chakudya kwa mwana wankhuku ikadali ofunda, ndikununkhiza magazi. Chifukwa chake amamuphunzitsa kusaka. Zeze alibe adani, chifukwa ali pamwamba pazakudya, komanso malo okhala.
Njala ya mbalame yomwe wagwidwa sikukhutitsidwa. Atagwidwa ali mwana, mbalame ya harpy yaku South America idadya nkhumba, nkhuku, nkhuku ndi nyama yayikulu yamphongo tsiku limodzi. Kuphatikiza apo, adawonetsa kulondola komanso luntha, kusamalira kuyera kwa chakudya chake.
Ngati chakudyacho chinali chauve, poyamba ankachiponya mumtsuko wamadzi. Mwanjira imeneyi, amasiyana mosiyana ndi "namesake" yawo yopeka. Awo anali odziwika chabe chifukwa cha kusayera komanso kununkhira kwawo.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Harpy ndi mbalame yokhulupirika modabwitsa. Awiriwo amapangidwa kamodzi. Tikhoza kunena za iwo "kukhulupirika kwa swan". Mfundo zopangira ana ndizofanana ndi mitundu yonse ya zeze.
Atasankha mnzake, azeze ayamba kumanga chisa chawo. Mwakutero, banja lachinyamata limadzipezera nyumba ndi ana awo amtsogolo. Zisa ndi zazitali, zazikulu komanso zolimba. Koma zisanachitike chilichonse, azezewo amalimbitsa, kukulitsa ndi kukonza.
Nthawi yokolola imayamba m'nyengo yamvula, nthawi yachilimwe. Koma osati chaka chilichonse, koma zaka ziwiri zilizonse. Kumva kuyandikira kwa nyengo yokwera, mbalamezo zimakhala modekha, popanda kukangana, ali ndi "malo okhala" komanso angapo.
Mkazi amatulutsa dzira lalikulu limodzi lokhala ndi chikasu pang'ono ndi timadontho, kawirikawiri awiri. Ndi mwana wankhuku wachiwiri yekha, wobadwa, yemwe samayang'aniridwa ndi mayi, mtima wake umaperekedwa kwa woyamba kubadwa. Ndipo nthawi zambiri amafera pachisa.
Zoopsa komanso zosachedwa kupsa mtima, mbalame zoterezi zili pachisa zimawonjezeka ndi makhalidwe amenewa. Mbalame ya harpy imagwiritsa dzira kwa miyezi iwiri. Amayi okha ndi omwe amakhala pa clutch, mutu wabanja panthawiyi amamudyetsa mosamala.
Mwana wankhuku amaswa kale nthawi yadzuwa, atatha masiku 40-50 atakhazikika. Ndiyeno makolo onse awiri amauluka kukafuna. Mwanayo amakhala kunyumba, akusangalala ndikuwona zomwe zimamuzungulira. Kuyambira ali aang'ono, anapiye mozindikira amazindikira nyama.
Amachita mwamphamvu kwa anyani, mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe, maulendowa, kuwaopsa ndi kulira kwawo. Ngati mwana wankhuku ali ndi njala, ndipo kulibe makolo, amalira mwamphamvu, amamenya mapiko ake, kuwalimbikitsa kuti abwerere ndi nyama yawo. Chimbalangondo chimabweretsa nyama yofa pafupifupi theka kupita nayo ku chisa, kumene mwanapiye amalimaliza, ndikuponda ndi mapazi ake. Chifukwa chake amaphunzira kupha yekha.
Kwa nthawi yayitali, pafupifupi miyezi isanu ndi itatu, abambo ndi amayi osamala kwambiri amalera mwana wankhuku, kenako "amawongolera" maudindo awo, ndikuwonjezera nthawi pakati pa mawonekedwe pachisa. Chilengedwe chawoneratu izi zikuchitika, chifukwa chake mwana wankhuku samadya kwa masiku 10-15. Pakadali pano, amadziwa kale kuwuluka ndikusaka pang'ono.
Zimapsa zaka 4-5. Ndiye mtunduwo umakhala ndi kuwala kwapadera, umakhala wokongola kwambiri, wochuluka. Ndipo zolusa okhwima kwathunthu pa zaka 5-6 zaka. Mbalame za Harpy zimakhala pafupifupi zaka 30.
