Partridge - woimira banja la grouse, komanso, kawirikawiri. Tsoka ilo, kuchuluka kwa mbalame zokongola modabwitsa izi zikusungunuka chaka chilichonse pamaso pathu. M'nyengo yozizira, mbalameyi imadziwika ndi mtundu wa kukongola kwapadera.
Tangoganizani nkhuku yaing'ono yokongola, yoyera koyera, ndi maso akuda ndi mlomo wakuda. Ndipo, pakadakhala nthenga zingapo zakuda za mchira, simukadazizindikira kumbuyo kwa chisanu m'nyengo yozizira. Koma ili si vuto la Partridge. Wakhala akuzolowera kukhala pachipale chofewa kotero kuti amabisa kwathunthu nthenga zomwe zimayima pachipale chofewa.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Amuna ndi akazi nthawi yachisanu amavala chovala chofanana - choyera choyera. Amatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi kukula kwawo komanso mikwingwirima yakuda yowerengedwa pafupi ndi maso. Wamphongo amawoneka wokulirapo kutengera msinkhu wamkazi.
Koma pakufika masika, zonse zimasintha msanga. Mu chithunzicho ptarmigan Ndi mbalame yokongola modabwitsa. Mikanjo yake yoyera idasinthidwa ndi terracotta, bulauni, imvi ndi mitundu yachikaso. Onsewa adasakanikirana mozizwitsa.
Ndipo pakanthawi kochepa chabe kasupe, pamapeto pake, mutha kusiyanitsa magawo azogonana, kutengera kukula kwawo komanso mtundu. Mosiyana ndi bwenzi lake la motley, wamwamuna panthawiyi amavala ubweya woyera womwewo, ndikusintha nthenga zokha pamutu pake. Tsopano ali ndi utoto ndipo amadziwika bwino mthupi lonse.
Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti kusintha kwa chithunzi cha mbalameyi kumachitika pafupifupi pafupipafupi. Amakhala ndi chithunzi chakuti amasintha mtundu wa nthenga zake pafupifupi tsiku lililonse. Izi zonse zimachitika chifukwa cha molts pafupipafupi.
Magawo amasiyanitsidwa ndi mawu awo osangalatsa osangalatsa. Koma, akazi okha. Ponena za okwatirana, ndiye zonse zili ngati anthu. Mbalame zamphongozi, ndi timizere tawo ting'onoting'ono, zimatha kutulutsa timadzi tating'onoting'ono tomwe timatha kuwopseza ena osachita chidwi kwenikweni ndi odutsa.
Mverani makulitsidwe amakono a partridge wa msondodzi
Mitundu
Ptarmigan, monga mtundu, ili ndi mitundu itatu: yoyera, yoyera ndi yoyera. Partridge yoyera... Zimasiyana chifukwa zimakhazikika makamaka m'malo athu, Sakhalin, Kamchatka ndi North America. Nthawi zina imapezekanso mdera la Greenland ndi UK.
Mitunduyi ili ndi miyendo yayikulu kwambiri, pomwe imakhala yofewa kwambiri. Izi zimathandiza kuti ptarmigan azikhala wolimba mtima komanso wodalirika m'malo ozizira achisanu. Amatha kuyenda mosavuta. Ndipo palibe nyengo yozizira, komanso kutalika kwa njirayo, sikumusokoneza.
Mitunduyi imadziwikanso ndi kutchuka kwake chifukwa chotha kupanga mapanga-labyrinths m'chipale chofewa posaka chakudya chamasana choyenera. Chilichonse chomwe mungapeze pansi pa chipale chofewa chimachita apa: udzu wouma, zipatso, maluwa. Zakudya zam'chilimwezi zidzakhala zosiyanasiyana, ndipo m'nyengo yozizira zimakhala chakudya chamwambo chaka chilichonse.
Tundra partridge... Mwakuwoneka, mtundu uwu uli ndi kusiyana kochepa kwambiri kuchokera koyambirira. Mtundu pang'ono - mzere wakuda pafupi ndi maso, ndiye kusiyana konse. M'ngululu ndi chilimwe, mtunduwo umasiyanasiyana mofanana ndi wachibale woyera.
Izi mitundu ya ptarmigan Amakonda kudziunjikira m'magulu ang'ono-nkhosa ndipo amakhala ndi moyo wosakhazikika komanso wosamukasamuka. Amakonda kukhazikika makamaka pamalo otsetsereka amwala, pomwe pali mitundu yambiri yazitsamba.
Malo awa a mbalame amaonedwa kuti ndi malo abwino kwambiri polera ana. Kwa mbadwo wotsatira, makolo achikondi amakonza zisa zabwino pompano. Akapeza malo abwino, amayamba akumba dzenje, kenako ndikuphimba pansi ndi masamba ndi nthambi.
Tundra partridge idatchuka chifukwa chodabwitsa kupulumuka, chomwe chadzetsa ulemu waukulu ku Japan. Adazipanga kukhala chizindikiro chawo m'maboma ena a Honshu!
Koma ku Iceland, mbalameyi inayamikiridwa pa chifukwa china. Anthu am'deralo ankakonda kukoma kwake. Ndipo ngakhale kuti mitundu ya mapajiwa ili pangozi, anthu aku Iceland samaleka kuwombera mbalame. Zowona, tsopano ndi nthawi yokhayokha - mu Okutobala ndi Novembala, Lachisanu, Loweruka ndi Lamlungu. Ndiye ndizo.
Mosiyana ndi zoyera, tundra partridge imatha kusankha chigwa ndi mapiri ngati malo okhala. Ndipo amasankha dera lomwe lipereke zakudya zosiyanasiyana. Ndimagulu opambana, amatha kupezeka m'minda yathu ya birch.
Partridge yoyera... Partridge iyi ndi yaying'ono kwambiri pa mitundu itatu yonseyi. Amakonda kukhala ku Alaska ndi North America. M'nyengo yozizira, nthumwi za mitunduyo ndizoyera kwathunthu, zoyera. Ngakhale mchira wawo ndi woyera. Koma masika ndi chilimwe, zovala zawo sizimasiyana kwenikweni ndi zibale zawo.
Koma kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa kandimeyu ndi omwe atchulidwa pamwambapa ndikuti ndi mbalame yamapiri mwamtheradi. Sizingatheke kukumana naye pachigwa. Kuphatikiza apo, ngati mukufuna kumuwona kapena kutenga selfie yosowa naye, muyenera kupambana kutalika kwa 4 km!
Mbalameyi imakana mwamphamvu kusintha moyo wake pansipa. Kupatula apo, kuzizira kokha kumayamba kumene kuzizira, komwe ndi nyengo yabwino yoyera. Mwazina, ndikofunikira kuti malo otsetserekawo ndiodekha mokwanira komanso osavuta kuyenda.
Ndipo zomera ndi udzu wochepa komanso zitsamba zochepa. Zipande zoyera zimadutsa udzu wokula kwambiri ndi tchire lalikulu. Chiwerengero chenicheni cha anthu amtunduwu sichinadziwikebe. Mwambiri, pamiyeso yoyera pamakhala zochepa kwambiri. Koma ali ndi udindo olimba - chizindikiro cha Alaska.
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Chabwino, tikulingalira kale za malo omwe, mwamwayi, timatha kukumanabe ndi zolengedwa zodabwitsa izi. Amakonda madera ozizira akumpoto. Mbalameyi yawonetsa momwe imatha kupulumukira ngakhale pakati pa chisanu chamuyaya.
Madambo ozizira, opanda mapiri komanso otsetsereka a mapiri. Zomera zochepa, chipale chofewa chochuluka - awa ndiomwe amakhala okonda kuyenda komanso kuyenda mwachangu kwa White Partridge. Ndipo pokhapokha nyengo yachisanu ikakhala yovuta kwambiri, kusamukira kwa mbalame kumwera ndikotheka.
Mwinamwake zonsezi ndi zokhudzana ndi kayendetsedwe ka nthaka, za zolengedwa izi. Inde, partridge iyi sakonda kwenikweni kuyenda mumlengalenga. Ngati amazichita, ndiye kuti ndizokwezeka komanso pamitunda yayifupi.
Ngakhale pangozi, magawo awa samakonda kuthawa, koma kuthawa kapena kuzizira. Zikuwoneka kuti akuyembekeza kuti aphatikizana ndi chivundikiro cha dziko lapansi ndipo mdani sadzawawona. Kuphatikiza apo, mbalameyi siyiyeso, koma imakhala chete. Izi zimachulukitsa mwayi wake wosadziwika ndi adani.
Chinanso chapadera mbali ya ptarmigan ndi kuthekera kwawo kuyenda m'malo owopsa, monga kuyenda pang'onopang'ono, ndikupanga masitepe angapo pamphindi! Ndipo kuwuluka, momwe zilili, mbalameyi imatha kukhala mwadzidzidzi komanso mwachangu kwambiri.
Kukhoza kwapadera kopulumuka m'mikhalidwe yovuta kumathandizidwa ndikuti nthawi yachisanu ptarmigan amapanga ziweto zazikulu kwambiri. Mgulu, amathandizana wina ndi mnzake, kupanga zolumikizana palimodzi pofunafuna chakudya, ndipo amakhala ofunda posonkhana mozungulira.
Njala yeniyeni ikayamba, gulu lankhosa limabalalika mwadongosolo kuti munthu aliyense akhale ndi gawo lokwanira kopeza chakudya. Amathandizidwa kuti asamaundane ndi kuthekera kwawo kodabwitsa kubisala mu chisanu mwachangu, pamphindi zochepa, kupanga phanga lakuya pafupifupi masentimita 30.
Mwambiri, mbalamezi sizimangoyendayenda kwambiri, m'malo mokonda kwawo. Amasamala kwambiri zisa zawo. Tiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti kutchulidwa kwa mwamuna ndi mkazi m'modzi mwa maanja. Akazi angapo amatha kukhala m'dera limodzi nthawi imodzi, koma yamphongo imasankha imodzi yokha.
Zakudya zabwino
Mbalame yathu, monga tikudziwira kale, ili ndi khalidwe. Mavuto samamuwopsa kwenikweni. Ichi ndichifukwa chake zakudyazo ndizosavuta, zosavuta komanso zochepa. Makamaka m'nyengo yozizira. Ndizovuta kwambiri kuti mupeze masamba achisanu, udzu, timitengo tating'ono, birch ndi alder catkins, mphukira zowuma zakumpoto kuchokera pansi pa chisanu, ngati muli ndi mwayi, ndiye kuti zipatsozo ndizokha.
Pofika masika, chakudya cha a Ptarmigan chimakhala chodzaza ndi masamba aang'ono, udzu, maluwa ndi zimayambira za mabulosi abulu. Ndipo nthawi yotentha maphwando a partridge. M'masamba a chilimwe ali ndi masamba, ndi zipatso zosiyanasiyana, ndi mbewu, ndi moss, ndi mahatchi, ndi udzu wa thonje, ndi msondodzi, ndi mabulosi abuluu, ndi marsh rosemary, ndi buckwheat, ndi anyezi osiyanasiyana, komanso bowa!
Chakumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira, White Partridge imasinthira ku zakudya zokoma za mabulosi. Malo ogulitsa apadera amchiuno, lingonberries, mabulosi abulu, mabulosi abulu. Ndikofunikira kuti pazokongola zonse za chakudya chotere, Partridge apitilizebe kudya nthambi zowuma, komanso kuphatikiza tizilombo. Pakati pa tizilombo, cicadas, dipterans, ndi mbozi zimakonda. Akangaude amagwiritsidwanso ntchito.
Mbalamezi sizimakananso singano. Koma, ngati tikulankhula kale zamagulu azakudya, tiyenera kukumbukira mathero ena amtundu wa chakudyachi. Partridge si yekhayo amene amakakamizidwa kuti azipezera chakudya chokha. Anthu ena amamuganizira motere.
Ndipo nayi adani akulu. Woyamba pamndandanda wawo ndi nkhandwe. Iye yekha ndi amene amatha kupha mbalame kwambiri. Ma Gyrfalcons amawononganso kwambiri, koma sizofunikira kwenikweni. Koma skua, gull ndi burgomaster sachita manyazi kudya ana achichepere.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Mwina pano, monga oimira nyama zambiri, kuyamba kwa masewera osakanikirana kumabwera ndikuyamba kwa masika. Pa nthawi yabwinoyi pachaka, amuna, amapeza mphamvu zachimuna ndi kulimba mtima, amayamba kukonza zoseweretsa zawo zotchuka zotsekemera. Izi zimakopa akazi ndi adani.
Ndipo ndi uyu apa - miniti yaulemerero kwa mwamuna aliyense! Chachikulu apa sikuti mudziphimbe ndi manyazi othawa pankhondo, koma kuyimirira mpaka kumapeto. Imbani mokweza komanso kwakutali momwe mungathere, kuuluka mwachangu kuposa ena, onetsani mapiko anu mosinthasintha komanso kukongola kwamtundu. Zochenjerera zachikale sizisiya kugwira ntchito, kubala zipatso.
Ndipo tsopano, mu Epulo, maanja amapangidwa, omwe amayamba kukonzekera kukonzekera kubadwa kwa ana. Choyamba, malo oyenera amasankhidwa, owuma mokwanira, pomwe chisa chamtsogolo chidzamangidwenso. Chisa cha kholichi chakhazikika mwanjira yoti pamatha kuwona mbali zonse.
Amagwiritsa ntchito nthambi ndi nthenga zake ngati zomangira. Amayika zonsezi pang'onopang'ono momwe amapumira kale. Mazira amapezeka pachisa kumayambiriro kwa Meyi. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti partridge ikakhala pachisa, imakhala yosawoneka chifukwa chamitundu yake.
Mu nyengo imodzi, yaikazi imatha kuikira mazira achikasu okwanira 20 ndi timadontho. Koma, nthawi zambiri, awa ndi zidutswa 9-10. Mkaziyu amachita makamaka kuswa anapiye. Wamwamuna panthawiyi amagwira ntchito yake yamwamuna. Amayang'anitsitsa gawolo ndikuwopseza kapena kusokoneza adani onse m'njira zosiyanasiyana.
Ndizodabwitsa kuti kale patsiku loyamba lobadwa, anapiye amatuluka mchisa ndikuyamba kuthamangitsa amayi ndi abambo. Ndipo pakatha milungu iwiri amayesa kuwuluka. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, makolo onsewa amasamalira komanso kusamalira ana awo.
Tsoka ilo, m'badwo wachichepere wa White Partridge uli ndi adani ambiri m'chilengedwe, zomwe zimasokoneza kuchuluka kwa mbalame zodabwitsazi, ngakhale kuchuluka kwake pakubadwa kuli kwakukulu.
Zaka zapamwamba kwambiri za ptarmigan ndi zaka pafupifupi 9. Koma, mwatsoka, mwachilengedwe ali ndi ambiri osafuna zomwe amatha kukhala moyo kwa zaka 5-7. Mwamwayi lero ptarmigan yophatikizidwa mu «Buku Lofiira».
Munthu amayesetsa kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa mbalame zodabwitsa izi. M'madera a Russia ndi mayiko ena, malo osungira ndi madera ena apadera kuti apange amasungidwa.
Nthawi yomweyo, kusaka nyama ndikosaloledwa m'dziko lathu. Tikuyembekeza kuti izi zithandizira kubwezeretsa kuchuluka kwa a Ptarmigan ndipo titha kupitilizabe kusirira chilengedwe chokongola choterechi!
