Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Kuluka ndi dzanja ndi ntchito yovuta yomwe imafunikira kuleza mtima kwakukulu komanso luso. Oluka nsaluwo, polumikiza ulusiwo, amadutsa umodzi mwa iwo poyamba, kenako nkuwatambasula pansi pa wachitatu, ndipo, popitiliza motere, amaluka zolumikizana zambiri mothandizidwa ndi mfundo zosamveka.
Umu ndi momwe mipukutu yayikulu yonse komanso zaluso zopangidwa ndi anthu zimapezekera. Ndani angaganize kuti ukadaulo uwu waphunzitsidwa bwino ndi ochepa owomba mbalame, lomwe limatchulidwa motero.
Zowona, mbalame, zomwe zimayimira banja lonse la owomba nsalu, sizimapanga zolengedwa zilizonse, koma ndi ulusi wazomera. Ndipo amisiri okhala ndi mapiko samaluka zovala zomwe chilengedwe chapatsa iwo. Zovala zawo za nthenga, zachidziwikire, sizingatchulidwe kuti ndizabwino kwambiri.
Nthawi zambiri imakhala yocheperako ndipo imadzaza ndi imvi, bulauni ndi mithunzi yakuda, nthawi zina imasungunuka ndimitundu yaying'ono, ndipo mitundu ina yokha ndiyo yomwe ili ndi malo owala ofiira, obiriwira komanso achikaso. Koma mbalameyi siyifuna zovala, choncho imaluka nyumba - zisa.
Iyi ndi nkhani yosakhwima, yosakhwima komanso yodalirika, chifukwa ndi m'malo awa momwe mibadwo yatsopano yazinthu zamankhwala zachilengedwe iyenera kukula, kuyambira pachifuwa cha moyo wake wamtchire. Ziphuphu zosinthasintha komanso zodzitukumula zolimba, komanso, m'njira yodziwika bwino, mbalame zotere zimapanga mapangidwe amitundu yonse. Zitha kukhala:
- mabasiketi a mipira (zoterezi zimamangidwa, mwachitsanzo, ndi oimira chigoba ndi mitundu ya owomba);
- masokosi ataliatali (amalukidwa ndi owomba nsalu);
- udzu waukulu wobalalika wokongoletsa mitengo yonse (amapangidwa ndi owomba pagulu).
Zonsezi zimalumikizidwa ndi nthambi zaubweya wambiri kapena zimayambira mabango, atayimitsidwa mlengalenga, ndiko kuti, omwe ali pakati pa thambo ndi dziko lapansi. Koma zambiri zaukadaulo wa kukaikira mazira mtsogolo, ndipo tsopano pang'ono za momwe zolengedwa izi zimawonekera.
Mlengi wa "nyumba" zomwe zafotokozedwazo amafanana ndi mpheta kukula kwake, koma osati kokha, komanso mawonekedwe, ulemu, kuwonjezera, kufanana kwa thupi. Kuphatikiza apo, imafanana kwambiri ndi oatmeal ndi finches.
Ndipo sizosadabwitsa, chifukwa mbalame zonsezi ndi mamembala a odutsa, chifukwa chake ali pachibwenzi. Komabe, nthawi yomweyo, pali zinthu zambiri zapadera komanso zapadera pamakhalidwe a owombayo komanso momwe amakhalira.
Mbalamezi zimakhala zolimba komanso zolimba. Mutu wozungulira umakhala pakhosi lawo lalifupi. Mapikowo ndi abwino, ang'ono, amatha kuloza, koma nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mizere yozungulira.
Mafotokozedwe amlomo amakhalanso osiyana: ndi yolimba komanso yolumikizidwa, koma nthawi zambiri imakhala yolumikizana. Kuyimba owomba nsalu ofanana kwambiri pakumveka kulira. Ndipo chifukwa chake mbalamezi zimatchedwa mbalame za nyimbo - ili ndi dzina laling'ono la oimira nyama zamapiko.
Si mitundu yonse ya owomba nsalu yotchuka chifukwa cha mawu awo osangalatsa. Mbalame zina zimapanga kudina kosakweza ndikumveka mokweza. Koma zitsanzo kuchokera ku mtundu wa amchere ndi akazi amasiye aku paradiso aluso lotengera kutengera zokopa za mamembala ena aufumu wamapiko.
Mitundu
Banja la mbalame zomwe zatchulidwazi limaphatikizapo mitundu 272. Kwenikweni, owomba nsalu amagawidwa ku Africa konse (awa ndi kwawo), koma amapezekanso kumadera ena padziko lapansi: kumwera kwa Asia ndi Europe, ku Madagascar ndi zilumba zina za Pacific ndi Indian Ocean. Izi zikutanthauza kuti adasintha moyenera kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana, koma malo otentha kapena oyandikira nyengo yotere akadali bwino kwa iwo.
Weaver, ngakhale wodutsa kukula, komabe, ngati titalankhula mosiyanasiyana za mitundu iliyonse, ndiye kuti akhoza kukhala osiyana kwambiri ndi magawo. Ena oimira banja sali oposa 7 cm, ndiye zinyenyeswazi zenizeni.
Koma zina zimakula mpaka kukula ngati thrush. Mitundu ya mbalameyi imasinthanso. Koma owomba nsalu onse, kupatula ena, ndi akatswiri pakupanga nyumba kuchokera ku mapesi a udzu, nthambi zowonda ndi zinthu zina zobzala.
Banja lagawidwa m'magulu 17 - mbadwo. Tiyeni tione mwatsatanetsatane oimira payekha. Ndipo simungathe kuwerenga kokha za mawonekedwe awo, komanso onani kuyatsa chithunzi cha owomba nsalu.
— Oluka pagulu (wamba). Mtunduwu umakhala wamtundu umodzi, wawung'ono komanso wosowa. Amuna ndi akazi amayang'ana chimodzimodzi. Nthengazo ndi zofiirira kapena zofiirira zokhala ndi mdima wakuda ndi mikwingwirima yoyera.
Milomo yawo yolumikizidwa ndi khunyu imakhala ndi mthunzi wa kirimu. Mbalame zotere zimakhala m'matumba akuluakulu, zikudzaza madera aku South Africa, Namibia, Botswana. Zisa zawo zimakhala zochititsa chidwi kwambiri, chifukwa zimafanana ndi nyumba ya ma cell mazana atatu kapena kupitilira apo.
Nyumbazi zimakula mpaka mamita awiri kutalika mpaka 8 mita. Nyumba zoterezi zimapezeka pamitengo, ndipo nthawi zambiri, makamaka nyengo yamvula, zimakhala zolemera kotero kuti nthambi sizingayime ndikugwa pansi pamodzi ndi zisa. Mbalame zoterezi zimamanganso nyumba zawo pamitengo ya telegraph.
— Velvet owomba nsalu - dzina lina la mtunduwo, lomwe limaphatikizapo mitundu pafupifupi khumi ndi iwiri. Chimodzi mwa izo, chosangalatsa kwambiri, ndi chowotcha moto, chomwe chili ndi zovala zowoneka bwino kwambiri komanso zokongola za banja lonse.
Chiyambi cha ziwalo zazikuluzikulu, zowoneka bwino mu mbalame zotere ndizachikasu ndi utoto wofiyira. Pakati pa nthawi yokwanira, theka lachimuna lazomwe zatchulidwazo zimakhala zofiira kapena zofiira-lalanje, ndiye kuti, monga dzina limanenera - zamoto.
Mimba mwa omwe akuyimira mitunduyo, komanso mikwingwirima kumbuyo ndi kumutu, ndi yakuda. Zilombozi zili ndi kukula kwa masentimita 13. Amakonda kuwonetsa kuthekera kwawo kwamawu, chifukwa chake amatumiza mawu tsiku lonse.
Amakhala m'matumba aku Africa, omwe amapezeka ku Seychelles, Mauritius, Madagascar. Mbalamezi zimapanga zisa mu udzu wamtali pafupi ndi matupi amadzi, m'nkhalango zamabango, komanso, pobzala nzimbe ndi chimanga.
— Mpheta zoluka amapezeka makamaka ku Kenya. Ndizoseketsa kwambiri, amakhala ndi mayanjano, omwe amapangitsa munthu kukhala wokongola kwa iwo. Chifukwa chake, amasamalidwa mosavuta ndikukongoletsa nyumba za okonda zachilengedwe. Nthenga zawo ndizofiirira-imvi, nsidze ndi mabere zimawoneka zoyera. Mbalame zoterezi ndizofanana kwambiri ndi mpheta, zomwe zimagwirizana ndi dzinalo, zimakulirakulira.
— Malimbus ofiira ofiira... Mtunduwu umaphatikizapo mtundu umodzi wamtundu womwewo. Dzina lake lachi Russia, lomwe ndi lachilendo, siligwirizana ndi mawonekedwe akunja a omwe akuwayimira. Mbali yochititsa chidwi ya theka lamphongo ndi malo ofiira, omwe amawoneka ngati masheya omwe amabisa mutu mpaka m'khosi.
Milomo ndi zikhomo za amuna ndizofanana. Koma mapiko awo si ofiira konse, koma amadziwika ndi mikwingwirima yakuda pachikaso choyera, mimba ndi chifuwa chawo ndi zoyera kwenikweni. Chovala chachikazi ndi chotsika kwambiri komanso chimakhala ndi mithunzi yakuda komanso yamdima.
Ndipo kokha "kusungira mutu" ndi madera ena a mapiko ndi achikasu. Mbalame zoterezi zimapezeka kwambiri m'nkhalango za ku Africa. Poyerekeza ndi abale ambiri m'banjamo, amawoneka atali, owonda komanso ocheperako.
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Zinyama za anthu okhala padziko lapansi zimatha luso la zomangamanga munthu asanawonekere. Ndipo chilichonse mwazinthuzi, zomangidwa ndi tizilombo, nyama ndi mbalame, ndichapadera, chodabwitsa komanso chapadera kwambiri. Chisa cha a Weaver mwina ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zodabwitsa padziko lapansi lokhala ndi zamoyo zosiyanasiyana.
Maonekedwe a nyumbazi adatchulidwa kale, koma mwazinthu zambiri, chifukwa, kuwonjezera pazomwe zawonetsedwa kale, atha kutenga mawonekedwe amachubu otalikirapo, kukhala oval komanso owoneka ngati peyala. Koma palinso zamoyo zomwe zimapanga nyumba zawo m'malo amiyala, m'mabowo a anthu ena ndi maenje a mitengo, motero kubisa malo awo okhala kwa adani.
Nyumba zopanga zokha zili ndi zitseko zakutsogolo, makoma ndi denga lotetezeka, zonse monga zikuyembekezeredwa m'malo okhala abwino. Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga ndizopangira udzu ndi masamba, zomwe zimasokedwa mwapadera.
Chifukwa chake, ntchito yomangayi nthawi zonse imayamba ndizosalembedwa. Apa owomba ameta ndi kudula, pogwiritsa ntchito diso lake lokha ndi milomo ngati zida. Wotsirizira, pa ntchentche, amatenga chidutswa, mwachitsanzo, kuchokera pa tsamba la kanjedza, ndikupitilizabe kuyenda mlengalenga, ndikung'amba gawo la kukula koyenera.
Ngati nyumbayo yalukidwa ndi ulusi wa udzu, ndiye kuti koyamba mphete yolimba idapangidwa - chimango. Imatalika isanakhale chigamba kapena thumba lozungulira. Izi zimapatsa nyumbayo khoma lakumbuyo. Kenako mbali yakutsogolo yalukidwa ndi ulusi wazomera, ndipo cholowacho chili pansipa.
Ndikofunika kuti ikhale yayikulu mokwanira kuti owomba alowe, koma osati kwambiri kuti asaphonye mbalame zazikuluzikulu zomwe zimadya. Nthawi zina chimango chamakona atatu chimakhala ngati maziko a nyumbayi, yomwe gawo lakunja limamangirizidwa ndi mfundo zapadera zamitundu yosiyanasiyana (monga mukudziwa, pali zitatu).
Chofunikira kwambiri kwa theka lachimuna, lomwe limagwira nawo ntchito yomanga zisa pakati pa owomba nsalu, ndikumanga bwino mfundo yoyamba. Pachifukwachi, mbalameyi imasaka nthambi yowonda, ndipo imamangirirapo tsinde lalitali.
Ngakhale ntchito yaying'ono iyi sikuti imangoda zaluso zambiri, koma moyenera ingawonedwe ngati yofunika. Kupatula apo, mfundo zina zonse zimakhazikitsidwa koyambirira. Ndipo ngati mwachita china chake cholakwika, ntchito yonseyo imatsika. Pang'ono ndi pang'ono, maubwenzi amakula kwambiri, ndipo umu ndi momwe zimapangidwira mwaluso.
Pokhapokha nyumba itakhala yokonzeka, mkazi amalumikizidwa ndi ntchito, yomwe imagwira ntchito yopanga chitonthozo chamkati mwa chisa. Amakonzekeretsa denga, ndikupangitsa kuti lisawonongeke ndi dzuwa lotentha lotentha, komanso pansi pake ndizofewa.
Onse owomba mitundu yofanana amapanga chisa chimodzimodzi kapangidwe kake. Amaphunzitsidwa izi ndi chibadwa chomwe chimawapangitsa kuti apange mapangidwe amangidwe, kulumikizana mu chikoka chimodzi chauzimu.
Mwachitsanzo, mbalame zomwe zimakhala mdera lalitali zimatha kumanga zisa zokwana zana pamtengo umodzi wa acacia kapena baobab, womwe, womwe umayimitsidwa patali, umakhala ngati zipatso zazikulu kwambiri.
Sikuti onse owomba nsalu amakhala m'malo otentha, ena mwa mabanjawo adazolowera kukhala kumadera otentha. Izi zikuphatikiza mitundu ya mpheta zam'munda ndi nyumba (amawonedwanso ngati owomba nsalu). Mitundu yawo imafalikira kumpoto, komwe, koma kufupi ndi anthu, amatha kukhala ndi moyo ngakhale kufupi ndi Arctic Circle.
Anthu nawonso adathandizira kufalikira kwa mbalame zotere kumadera ena padziko lapansi: kuzilumba za Atlantic ndi madera akutali a New World. Kuyandikira kwa malo okhala anthu ndikofunikira kwambiri kwa owomba sera omwe amakhala ku Asia ndi Africa. Mitundu ina imakonza nyumba zawo m'zipinda zam'mwamba m'mizinda ndi m'midzi.
Mwambiri, mbalamezi sizimangirizidwa kuzikhalidwe zina zapadera. Amakhala bwino kuminda yaulimi, m'mphepete mwa mitsinje ndi mitsinje, m'zipululu ndi m'mapiri, m'mphepete mwa nkhalango, m'mapiri ndi zigwa.
Mwachilengedwe, zolengedwa zamapikozi ndizoyenda ndipo zimakhala ndi zizolowezi zambiri zosangalatsa, chifukwa chake ndizosangalatsa kuziwona zonse m'chilengedwe komanso mu ukapolo, chifukwa mitundu yambiri ya mbalame zotere zakhala zikuweta bwino ndikukhala m'nyumba zachifumu za anthu.
Zakudya zabwino
Ku Africa, ndiye kuti, kwawo owomba nsalu amaonedwa ngati tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Osati pachabe, chifukwa mbalame zotere zimatha kuyamwa pafupifupi theka la zokolola zomwe zimalimidwa mdziko muno.
Kuchokera apa, titha kuzindikira kuti woimira nyama zamphongoyo ndi cholengedwa chodyera. Kuphatikiza pa tirigu, mbalamezi zimadya zipatso ndi mbewu. Ndipo mitundu ina yokha ndiyo yomwe imasankhira mitundu yawo ndikuwonjezera tizilombo.
Zikuwoneka kuti ndikosavuta kudyetsa ziweto zoseketsa kunyumba. Apa, mbewu zosiyanasiyana zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito, mwachitsanzo, fulakesi, rapeseed, letesi, udzu wam'maluwa. Koma izi ndi za ana, ndipo mitundu ikuluikulu imadya mpendadzuwa ndi mbewu za hemp.
Mbalame zotere zimakonda kulawa kuchokera ku mapira a mogar, komanso kuchokera ku chimanga chumiz. M'nyengo yozizira, nthanga zimamera, makala, zipolopolo za dzira loswedwa bwino ndizoyenera kupangira mavitamini ndi mchere.
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo
Ndizosadabwitsa kuti kumanga chisa pakati pa owomba ndikofunikira kwambiri pakupanga zokonda zokwatirana. Kupatula apo, amuna azolowera kudabwitsa azimayi awo osati kungoyimba mwachidwi komanso kukongola kwa chovala cha nthenga, chomwe chimasinthidwa mowoneka bwino nthawi yoswana.
Mkwati waluso amadziwika kuti amasilira mbalame ngati izi. Chifukwa chake, oimira mitundu ina, mwachitsanzo, woluka waku India, kuti akwaniritse malo a wosankhidwayo, choyamba, amamuwonetsa nyumba zawo. Ndipo omwe amalimbana ndi zisa zokongola komanso zosavuta amapambana mu duel.
Ntchito yomanga nyumba imachitika mu mbalame zotere mwachangu kwambiri. Pafupifupi masiku asanu chiyambireni, ntchitoyi ikufika kumapeto. Asanapange chisankho, akazi amawunika mosamala "nyumba" zoperekedwa ndi osuta pafupifupi makumi awiri. Ndipo abambo omwe alibe luso lokwanira amakhalabe mabakiteriya akale.
Komanso, yaikazi imakhalabe m'chipinda chotakasira bwino kuti mazira ake akhale ndi mazira amtengo wapatali, kumene mbalame zatsopano zimatulukira posachedwa. Komabe, gawo lake silosangalatsa kwenikweni. Atatenga malo ake m'nyumba yatsopano, posakhalitsa amusiya yekha.
Ndipo theka lake lachiwiri lakumanga kale akumanga chisa cha wopemphapempha wina, ndipo pambuyo pake atha kuthamangira kukasamalira lachitatu. Amphongo a mbalame zoterezi, ngakhale ndizochuma, koma izi sizimalepheretsa kuti azikhala mitala mokakamizidwa komanso mwachilengedwe.
Mwambiri, m'zinthu zamapiko zotere, zomangamanga zimapangidwa katatu pachaka. Ndipo aliyense wa iwo akhoza kukhala ndi mazira asanu ndi limodzi. Amayi mwaphamphu amaswa okha, kuwotha moto ndi kutentha kwawo kwa masiku ngati khumi. Ndipo itatha nthawi imeneyi, kuli amaliseche, akhungu komanso osathandiza anapiye oluka... Koma amakula msanga, ndipo patatha mwezi ndi theka ayamba kuwuluka.
Ndizosadabwitsa kuti pakadali pano, oimira mitundu ina amakhala okhwima mwakugonana. Koma mumitundu ina yoluka, nthawi yakupsa imatha kutenga miyezi 8. Izi ndi mbalame "zokhwima msanga", koma sizikhala kuthengo kwazaka zopitilira zisanu. Zowona, mu ukapolo amatha kusangalatsa eni ake osamalira kwanthawi yayitali.
