Mbalame yakuda yamaluwa Ndimasuntha komanso nyengo yozizira mbalame, yomwe idatchedwa dzina lake chifukwa chokonda zipatso za rowan. Zili m'manja mwa odutsa. Zazikulu kwambiri, zimasiyana ndi mitundu ina ya thrush.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Mbalame yayikulu imalemera pafupifupi magalamu 150. Kutalika kwa thupi kumakhala masentimita 30 pafupifupi. Mapiko ake ndi masentimita 45. Akazi ndi amuna samasiyana kukula ndi nthenga. Mtundu wa mbalameyi ndi motley, wamitundu yambiri. Chifuwacho ndi chopepuka, chachikasu pang'ono, mutu ndi khosi ndizimvi. Kumbuyo ndi mchira kumakhala kofiirira.
Pansi pa mapiko ndi mchira ndi zoyera. Pali nthenga zakuda, pafupifupi zakuda pachifuwa ndi m'khosi. Mlomo ndi wolimba, wamfupi komanso wakuthwa. Kumdima kumapeto kuposa kumunsi. Maso ndi apakatikati kukula, kuzungulira, ndi mawonekedwe akuda, chifukwa chake, pa chithunzicho ndi munda wakuda wakuda akuwoneka wolimba komanso wokwiya.
Mbalamezi sizidziwa kuyenda pansi, zimayenda ndikudumphadumpha pafupipafupi. Zala zawo ndi zakuda ndi zala zopyapyala koma zolimba komanso zikhadabo zakuthwa. Nthengayo ndi yolimba, yodzola mafuta ndi sebum, yomwe imalola kuti mbalameyo isanyowe m'nyengo yozizira, kukumba chisanu posaka chakudya.
Mawu a msipu wam'munda sangatchedwe kuti woyimba. M'malo mwake, imangokhala yolira komanso yolira, yofanana ndi phokoso: "chak-chik-chak", komanso pakawopsa: "ra-ra-ra". Samaimba kawirikawiri, amatha kutulutsa tsamba pa twitter. Amafuula kwambiri pangozi, akuchenjeza nyamayi ndi mbalame zina. Mbalame zakuda zikakhazikika pafupi ndi anthu, zimayambitsa kusokonekera ndikulira kwawo kwaphokoso.
Mbalamezi ndi zamanyazi komanso zimachenjeza. Samakhulupirira kwenikweni anthu, koma nthawi zina, ena a iwo, amalimba mtima kuti amange chisa pansi pa denga la nyumba yabwinobwino kapena pakhonde la nyumba yosanjikizana isanu.
Mitundu
Pali mitundu pafupifupi 60 m'banja la ma thrushes. Mitundu 25 yokha ndi yomwe imapezeka ku Russia, komabe, ambiri mwa iwo ndi asanu ndi atatu. M'munsimu muli mndandanda wa mitundu yomwe imawoneka m'mizinda yaku Russia ndi madera ena.
- Mbalame Yanyimbo. Mbalamezi zimasiyana ndi zina mwa mawu awo omveka bwino, okumbutsa kuimba kwa nightingale. Mtunduwo ndi wabulauni wokhala ndi bulauni, woyera kapena wachikasu m'mimba.
Imvani mawu a mbalame yanyimbo
- Mbalame yakuda. Amuna amtundu uwu ali ndi nthenga zakuda. Akazi ndi owala kwambiri, ndi kuwaza kwa motley. Kuzungulira maso pali mawonekedwe achikaso owala, mawu oyimba.
Mverani nyimbo yakuda
- White-brush thrush. Mbali yapadera ndi mzere woyera pamwamba pa maso, wofanana ndi nsidze. Nthengazo ndi motley, imvi zokhala ndi zigamba zakuda komanso zofiira. Kuyimba kwa ofiira-kufiira kuli ngati trill.
Mverani nyimbo yayikulu ya redbird
- Kuphulika kwa Missel. Membala wamkulu kwambiri pamtunduwu. Mtundu wosiyana, chifuwa cha mistletoe ndi choyera, kumbuyo ndi mchira wokhala ndi utoto wakuda.
Mverani thrush
- Wood thrush. Mitundu yaying'ono kwambiri ya mbalame zakuda. Mtundu wake ndi wowala, makamaka wofiira. Amuna ali ndi nthenga za buluu m'khosi mwawo. Pakati pa mmero pali malo oyera oyera, chifukwa chake nkhalangoyo idapeza dzina lachiwiri "loyera-pakhosi".
- Shama dzina loyamba Chofunika kwambiri kusiyanitsa ndi miyendo ya pinki ndi mchira wautali. Amuna amtunduwu ndi akuda ndi mimba yakuda. Mchira ndi woyera pansi. Zazimayi zazimiririka, zotuwa.
- Monochrome thrush. Mtundu wa awa mbalame zakuda, ndi kulocha buluu. Chifuwacho ndi chopepuka kuposa thupi lonse. Miyendo ndi yakuda, ndi zala zakuthwa ndi zikhadabo zakuda.
- Kuyenda Kwambiri. Nthenga ndi yakuda ndimadontho oyera kuzungulira maso ndi khosi. Mimba ndi yowala lalanje.
Kuphatikiza pa mawonekedwe, mbalame zimasiyana pamakhalidwe, zakudya ndi machitidwe.
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Mbalame zakutchire zimatha kukhala moyo wosamukasamuka komanso kukhala pansi. Amakhalira kumpoto kwa Eurasia, ndikusamukira kumwera, kupita ku Africa, Asia Minor kapena Europe. M'dziko lathu, zokopa zamtunduwu zimakhala ku Siberia. Posachedwa, owonera mbalame awona izi mbalame zam'munda nthawi zambiri amakhala m'mizinda, makamaka m'zaka zokolola.
Pali madera a mbalame 300, pakati pa madera oyandikana nawo komanso m'matawuni. Sasowa chakudya ndipo savutika kupirira nyengo yozizira yaku Russia. Amakhala m'mapaki akuluakulu ndi m'midzi momwe phulusa limakulira. Samanga zisa m'mapiri kapena m'nkhalango zakuya.
Fieldfare ndi mbalame yochenjera. Iwo ndi eni akulu, akuyesera kuti mbalame zina, anthu ndi nyama zisakhale ndi malo awo okhala. Njira zawo zodzitetezera ndi ndowe. "Amayatsa" gulu lonse louluka ndi mbalame kapena nyama. Njirayi ndiyothandiza, chifukwa ndowe za ma thrush ndizowoneka bwino komanso zoyipa.
Kukakwera ubweya kapena nthenga, zimawamata mwamphamvu, zimalowerera pakhungu, ndikuwononga. Zitachitika izi, mbalame zina sizimatha kuuluka ndikufa chifukwa cha zilonda zake. Asanachitike, mbalame yam'munda imakweza mchira, ndi chizindikiro ichi adani amamvetsetsa kuti ali pachiwopsezo.
Komabe, akhwangwala achenjere - adani olumbirira a omwe akuchita masewerawa, aphunzira kunyenga mbalame zakuda. Amawukira motsatana. Mwachitsanzo, khwangwala wina amasokoneza nyamayo payokha, mbalame zonse zakuda zimauluka, kusiya zisa kuti zikodole adani ndi zitosi za "moto". Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, khwangwala wachiwiri akukwera mwakachetechete mu zisa, n kumeza mazira ndikudya anapiye obadwa kumene.
Kuphatikiza pa kuteteza gawo lawo, mbalame zakutchire zimathandizanso abale ena ang'onoang'ono kuthana ndi adani. Pakakhala ngozi yomwe ikubwera, amadziwitsa aliyense mokuwa. Mbalame zing'onozing'ono, monga mpheta ndi zazing'ono, zimayesetsa kukhala pafupi ndi magulu a mbalame zakuda kuti zizitetezedwa.
Pakakhala adani ambiri, pakati pawo agologolo, ma jayi ndi akabawi, mbalame zakuda zimasiya zisa zawo. Pamaulendo apandege, amafunafuna malo okhala. Ziphuphu zimatha kuwetedwa, kupanga mbalame yoweta. Kuti muchite izi, tengani anapiye ang'onoang'ono omwe amagwera m'zisasa koma osakhoza kuwuluka.
Amangidwa osayenera matabwa, otakata ndi aatali, mpaka mita imodzi. Adzakonzekeretsa nyumba ndi zopingasa kuti azisangalala. Pansi pake pali utuchi komanso udzu wouma. Mbalamezi zimadyetsedwa ndi mphutsi, chakudya chofewa, zipatso zokazinga ndi tirigu.
Pa nthawi yoberekera, banjali limayikidwa mnyumba yocheperako yambiri. Nthawi zambiri, ochita masewera samabereka masewera ngati chiweto, koma mbalame zanyimbo kuti zisangalale ndi mawu awo ndi trill.
Zakudya zabwino
Mbalame zakuda okonda chakudya kwambiri. Chakudya chawo chomwe amakonda m'nyengo yozizira ndi mabulosi achisanu. Amakondwera kujompha zipatso za phulusa lamapiri, nyanja buckthorn, apulo, viburnum. Mbalame zimawonongadi mitengo iyi.
M'magulu amakhala pa nthambi, ndikung'amba zipatsozo, ndikuzimeza zonse. Kwa mitengo, kuwukira kotere kumapindulitsa. Gulu likakhala ndi phwando, zipatso zambiri zimagwera pansi, pomwe mbewu zimamera ndikayamba masika.
Kuphatikiza apo, msuzi wochokera m'mimba mwa thrush sumasungunula njere ndipo mbalame zimanyamula nyembazo, zimachita chimbudzi paliponse. Pakutha kwa nthawi yophukira, pafupifupi mitengo yonse m'midzi ndi m'mizinda imakhalabe yopanda kanthu, ndipo pansi pa mitengo ya rowan, m'chipale chofewa, timatha kuwona zala zazitali zazitali za mbalame.
Anthu okhala mchilimwe komanso wamaluwa samakonda kuwukiridwa kumeneku. Anthu amapanga mankhwala osiyanasiyana kuchokera ku phulusa lamapiri achisanu, chinthu chachikulu ndikukhala ndi nthawi yoti mutole zipatsozo zisanachitike. Kuphatikiza apo, mbalamezi zimakonda maswiti ndipo ngati mbewu, monga ma currants kapena yamatcheri, zimera pafupi ndi mtengo wa viburnum kapena apulo, mbalame zakuda zimawadula kaye.
Amakumbukira malo "okoma" ngati awa, ndipo amawulukira kumeneko chaka chilichonse. Anthu ena amadyetsa zokopa pomanga odyetsa. Amadzazidwa ndi zipatso zouma, zipatso zouma ndi maapulo odulidwa bwino.
Masika, mbalamezi zimawononga mbewu m'minda yamasamba ndi minda. Amatha kukumba mabediwo ndi milomo yawo posaka mphutsi, kutaya mbewu zomwe zidabzalidwa pamwamba ndikupondereza mbandezo. Komanso, amalimbana ndi mabedi a sitiroberi, zipatso zosakhwima.
Minda ya zipatso komwe zipatso zosowa komanso zodula zimalimidwa ndizowopsa. M'madera angapo mdziko lathu, amaloledwa kuwombera tizirombo nthawi yachilimwe ndi masika. Chilimwe mbalame zakuda zimadyetsa ziphuphu, nsabwe zamatabwa, mbozi, akangaude ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono.
Amadyetsa anapiye awo okha ndi mphutsi ndi mbozi za tizilombo. Amawuluka kuti "akasake" minda yomwe ili pafupi ndi mudziwu ndikufunafuna nyama pakampani yayikulu. Amakoka moss, kutulutsa slugs kuchokera pamenepo, amatembenuza miyala, kukumba pansi ndi masamba akugwa.
Amasanthula mokwanira dzikolo. Gawo lirilonse amayang'ana m'nthaka, ndikupendeketsa mitu yawo mbali imodzi. Powona nyongolotsi, thrush imagwira mwachangu ndikuikoka pansi, koma siyidya nthawi yomweyo.
Mbalameyo imafuna kutolera chakudya chochulukirapo, kuti nyongolotsi isasokoneze, imaponyera pansi, kuyimata ndi mlomo wake, ndikupitiliza kukumba muudzu. Amachitanso ndi nkhono zazing'ono - amawakhomera miyala kuti agawane chipolopolocho.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Fieldfare ifika pamalo obisalira kumayambiriro kwa Epulo. Amakhala m'madela okhaokha, momwe muli magulu pafupifupi 40. Ali ndi atsogoleri - mbalame zakale komanso zodziwa zambiri, zomwe malo abwino mumtengo amakhalabe "m'banja".
Ziphuphu zakale zimamanga zisa koyambirira kuposa mbalame zazing'ono, zimatsimikizira malo okhalamo ndikuwunika kuopsa komanso kuyandikira kwa chakudya. Sakonda nkhalango zamdima, motero amasankha mitengo pomwe pali dzuwa lambiri. Nthawi zambiri amakhala limodzi ndi nthumwi za mtundu wina - zoyera. Zakudya ndi machitidwe a mbalamezi ndizofanana.
Kumanga zisa, kokha chachikazi... Choyamba, amanyamula nthambi zing'onozing'ono zosinthasintha. Kudzaza mipata ndi udzu wouma, kenako kumata makoma a chisa ndi dongo ndi matope, mkati ndi kunja. Chifukwa cha izi, zisa za mbalame zakuda ndizolimba, zodalirika, sizikugwa mkati mwa zaka 2-3.
Amuna oyenda m'munda musatenge nawo gawo pankhaniyi, koma muziyenda nawo banjali akapita kokagula zinthu. Amayang'anitsitsa akazi kuti asagwidwe ndi adani. "Dothi" litatha chisa, mbalame zimabweretsa udzu wofewa, masamba ndi moss pamenepo. Chisa nchokonzeka kusunga mazira.
Clutch imodzi nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi mazira 3 mpaka 5, obiriwira wobiriwira, wonyezimira. Mtunduwu umakhala ngati wodzibisa kuchokera kumaso oyipa, olanda nyama. Nthaŵi ina, akatswiri a mbalamezi analemba mazira angapo m'gulu limodzi - zidutswa 12.
Makulitsidwe amatenga pafupifupi masiku 16, koma ndi wamkazi yekha amene amachita izi. Amuna, panthawiyi, amateteza zisa ndi akazi awo. Samabweretsa chakudya, motero amayenera kusiya mazira ndikuwuluka kuti adye. Pamene anapiye aswa, makolowo amawadyetsa mosinthana.
Pambuyo masiku 15, mbalame zazing'ono zakuda zimayamba kuyang'ana padziko lapansi kunja kwa chisa. Sakudziwabe kuuluka, koma amalumphira panthambi kapena amakhala muzu lazitsamba. Amakumana ndi oyandikana nawo ndipo amalankhulana ndi mbalame zazing'ono.
Makolo apitiliza kuwadyetsa kwa milungu iwiri, nthawi ino, anapiyewo amadziyimira pawokha. Amadziwa kale kuwuluka ulendo wautali kuchokera kunyumba ndi kupeza chakudya. Pambuyo pake, chachikazi akhoza kuyikiranso mazira.
Nyengo ikatha, atsogoleri amasonkhanitsa aliyense pagulu, ndipo mbalame zakuda zimauluka. Amayamba "kuyendayenda", kusiya pomwe pali chakudya chokwanira. Pakutha, nkhosa zimayang'ana kwina.
Kutalika kwa nthawi yayitali kumachokera zaka 10 mpaka 15, m'malo abwino. Muukapolo, mbalame zimatha kukhala ndi moyo zaka 20. Koma, mwatsoka, mwachilengedwe, si ambiri aiwo amakhala moyo wawo mpaka kumapeto.
Pafupifupi 20% ya ana m'dera amadyedwa amoyo ndi olusa, ena, popeza ali achikulire, amavutikanso chimodzimodzi. Mbalame zambiri zimafera kunkhondo, kuteteza zisa zawo kapena pamene zisamuka. Nthawi yayitali yamoyo wakutchire ndi zaka pafupifupi 6.
