Kuyambira kale, anthu adapanga ubale wapadera ndi akadzidzi - omwe ndi nzika zakale kwambiri padziko lapansi. Wanzeru, cholengedwa chakutchire, wopatsidwa ndi munthu wachinsinsi, matsenga apadera. Kadzidzi ndi mbalame adalowa mchikhalidwe cha amitundu, chomwe chakhala chizindikiro cha nzeru, mthenga wa zamatsenga. Mu moyo wamba, nyama yolusa yamapiko imakhalanso yosangalatsa kuposa m'mabuku.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Kusiyanasiyana kwa kayendedwe ka kadzidzi kumayimiriridwa ndi mbalame zazing'ono kuyambira kukula kwa mpheta mpaka nthumwi zazikulu zazitali masentimita 60-70. M'malo osiyanasiyana, nthenga ndizotuwa, zofiirira, zakuda ndi zoyera.
Koma zodziwika bwino za akadzidzi zimawapangitsa kuzindikirika m'makona onse apadziko lapansi - mutu wozungulira wokhala ndi maso akulu omwe ali patsogolo, mlomo wokhotakhota. Akatswiri odziwa za mbalame amatchula zinthu zingapo zomwe zimasiyanitsa kadzidzi ndi mbalame zina zodya nyama. Mwachitsanzo, kapangidwe ka mbalame ndi kosiyana:
- kuthekera kwa chala chakunja kugwada;
- corolla wonyezimira wa nthenga zolimba zopanga disc ya nkhope;
- kukhalapo kwa mphonje zofewa ndi notches mu nthenga, chifukwa chake kadzidzi zimauluka mwakachetechete.
Mapazi a miyendo yamiyendo ndi olimba komanso olimba. Zikhadabo zamphamvu zimasinthidwa kuti zigwire wozunzidwayo, kumugwira. Mapiko otambalala ndi masentimita 150-200. Nthenga yachitatu ndi yachinayi ndi yayitali kwambiri. Mchira ndi wamfupi. Pakuuluka, kadzidzi amafulumira mpaka 80 km / h.
Mutu wa mbalameyi umawoneka waukulu chifukwa cha nthenga zowirira, zomwe zimaupangitsa kukhala wozungulira. Kukhoza kwa mbalame kusinthasintha mitu yawo ndi kasinthasintha ka 270 ° kumadziwika popanda zovuta kapena kuvulaza thanzi. Izi zimathandiza nyama zolusa kuti zizitsata nyama zawo.
Masomphenya a Binocular amapereka zithunzi zoyera zakuda ndi zoyera. Kupeza mandala mu chubu cha nyanga, osati diso, kumapatsa akadzidzi kutha kuwona bwino usiku. Kuyang'ana kwa maso kutsogolo kumathandizanso pakasaka bwino.
Koma mbalameyo singasinthe maso ake, ngati munthu. Nthawi zonse amayang'ana kutsogolo. Ophunzira amakhala tcheru osati kungoyenda pang'ono, koma amachepetsa ndikuchepetsa nthawi yopuma ya chilombo.
Mbalame zimamva bwino kuposa amphaka kanayi. Khutu lakunja limakutidwa ndi khola la khungu, lozunguliridwa ndi nthenga zonyezimira. Kuyenda pang'ono chabe kwa nyamayo kumapereka kupezeka kwake kwa kadzidzi.
Mawu a mbalame amatha kumveka nthawi yakumasirana, ndiopatsa chidwi. M'nthawi zakale, idalumikizidwa ndi kusungulumwa, chisoni, kukhala pakati pamphamvu zaziwanda. Mbalame ikakwiya, imatulutsa mkamwa podina.
Mverani mawu a kadzidzi wofupikitsa
Mtundu wa kadzidzi nthawi zonse umakhala wobisika, wanzeru. Mawanga akuda, mabanga, mikwingwirima imabalalika pamiyendo yakuda kwambiri. Kuchokera patali, amaphatikizana ndi mbiri yoyandikana nayo, ndipo nthawi yamadzulo ndikosatheka kuwona mbalamezo - kubisala mtundu ndi mwayi wake.
Mitundu
Pali mabanja awiri pakati pa akadzidzi - akadzidzi enieni, nkhokwe zosungira. Mitundu yambiri yodya nthenga imakhala ntunda kuchokera ku equator kupita kumayiko akumpoto. Ena mitundu ya akadzidzi adalandira kutchuka kwapadera.
Kadzidzi wamakutu ataliatali. Nthenga zofiirira kumtunda ndi mawanga akuda, gawo lakumunsi limadziwika ndi mizere yopingasa. Pamutu pake pali nthenga za khutu za nthenga mpaka masentimita atatu, zomwe zidapatsa mbalameyo dzina.
Kukula kwa kadzidzi ndi pafupifupi masentimita 35 m'litali, ndi mapiko otalika masentimita 90. Imakonda nkhalango zowoneka bwino za m'maiko aku Europe, kumpoto kwa Asia, komwe zimakhazikika. Imasaka malo otseguka - m'minda, pafupi ndi apolisi. Amakhala moyo wosangalatsa usiku. Amadyetsa mbewa, nyama zazing'ono, mbalame. Kadzidzi wa khutu lalitali amatha miyezi yozizira ku Africa.
Mverani mawu a kadzidzi wamakutu ataliatali
Kadzidzi wamkulu wakuda. Mbalame yayikulu, yayitali mpaka masentimita 80. Nthenga zotuwa. Maso ndi achikaso chowala. Wokhala ku Taiga. Amapezekanso kumapiri aku Europe, ku Mongolia. Kadzidzi anatchula dzina lake chifukwa cha malo akuda pansi pa mlomo, womwe umawoneka ngati ndevu. Oyera Nthenga za kadzidzi kolala amapangidwa pakhosi.
Mpheta Kadzidzi. Woyimira pang'ono pabanja, kutalika kwa thupi la mbalame ndi 16-19 cm yokha, kulemera kwake ndi 60-80 g. Mutu ukuwoneka kuti ndiwofewa pang'ono. Kuzungulira maso achikaso pali mphete zoyera ndi zofiirira, pamwamba pa maso pali nsidze zoyera.
Timadontho tating'ono tachikasu tili ndi korona wa kadzidzi; pa nthenga zofiirira-zofiirira kumbuyo kuli mawanga akulu. Mimba ndi yoyera ndi mikwingwirima yakutali ya mthunzi wakuda. Mbalameyi imakhazikika m'nkhalango za spruce, imasaka usana ndi usiku, imakhala moyo wongokhala.
Mverani mawu a mpheta
Kadzidzi wamng'ono. Mitundu yambiri yamtundu wofiirira. Maso amakhala atakhazikika kwambiri, chifukwa chake mbalameyo imawoneka ngati kukwiya. Mawanga amchenga ozungulira pamapiko, oblong pachifuwa ndi pamimba.
Mbalameyi imapezeka kwambiri kum'mwera kwa Altai, ku Transbaikalia, m'chigawo chapakati ku Europe, m'maiko aku Asia, kumpoto kwa Africa. Amakonda zigawo za steppe, madera amchipululu, pomwe pali makoswe ndi abuluzi ambiri.
Sewerani Kadzidzi Wamng'ono
Kadzidzi khola. Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu pakati pa mbalame ndikuti nkhope yake imakhala yofanana ndi mtima. Maonekedwe achilendowa amathandizidwa ndi makutu osakanikirana - khutu lakumanzere lili pamphumi, ndipo lamanja liyenera kufunidwa m'mphuno. Izi zimathandiza mbalameyi kumva bwino.
Kukula kwa nkhokwe yake ndi pafupifupi - kutalika kwa thupi mpaka masentimita 39, kulemera kwa 200-500 g. Nthenga kumbuyo kwake ndi zofiira kwambiri, zokhala ndi timadontho tambirimbiri, mikwingwirima. Zithunzi zimasintha malinga ndi malo okhala mbalamezo.
Mverani mawu a nkhokwe
Kadzidzi Woyera. Mbalameyi imakhala mumtambo, chifukwa chake mtundu wobisalako ndikofunikira kwambiri m'malo achisanu. Mlomo wakuda, mawanga akuda, maso achikaso amawoneka owala kwambiri mu nthenga zoyera.
Kutalika kwa mbalameyo kumakhala mpaka 65 cm, yolemera mpaka 2.5 kg. Amakonda malo otseguka; samawulukira konse m'nkhalango. Zakudyazo zimakhazikitsidwa ndi mandimu. Kadzidzi Polar zolembedwa mu Red Book, mtundu wosowa wopezeka ku Greenland, North America.
Kadzidzi Hawk. Kukula kwa mbalame kungafanizidwe ndi khwangwala. Mtundu wakuda wamawangamawanga umadziwika ndi thupi lakumunsi. Mawu akulu ndi bulauni bulauni ndimadontho oyera.
Amapezeka ku Karelia, dera la Murmansk, Kamchatka, Asia, North America. Mchira ndi wautali. Mphamba kadzidzi — mbalame yozizira. Pakudya nthawi yovuta, m'malo mwa makoswe, ma grazel hazel, magawo oyera amawoneka.
Mverani kadzidzi
Chiwombankhanga (wamba wamba). Nthengawo ndi imvi-bulauni yokhala ndi mizere ingapo, mikwingwirima yopepuka yopepuka. Kutalika kwa scops kadzidzi ndi pafupifupi masentimita 22, kulemera kwake ndi magalamu 80. Amakhala m'madera a nkhalango zamapiri. Othawa kwawo. Nyengo ku Africa, kumwera kwa Asia.
Mverani mawu a kadzidzi
Kadzidzi. M'banja lalikulu la akadzidzi, ndiye woyimira wamkulu kwambiri. Pamutu waukulu pamadera otseguka pali nthenga zolimba, zofananira ndi auricles. Mtundu wa nthengawo ndi fawn, ocher.
Mosiyana ndi abale ambiri, amasaka nyama zazikulu masana - hares, agwape achinyamata, pheasants. Malo okondedwa ndi mapiri, pomwe mapiko akulu samakumana ndi zopinga.
Mverani mawu a kadzidzi
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Ziwombankhanga zimakhazikika paliponse - zimapezeka m'mphepete mwa nyanja, m'chipululu, kumapiri, pakati pa zitunda, nkhalango. Simungapeze akadzidzi ku Antarctica kokha. Pali mitundu 18 ya akadzidzi ku Russia. Kuphatikiza pa nyama zamtchire, nyama zolusa zimakhazikika m'malo oyandikira, pafupi ndi komwe anthu amakhala.
M'zipinda zanyumba, pansi pa denga la nyumba, mutha kupeza zomwe zimakhala pamenepo kadzidzi. Ndi mbalame zamtundu wanji, zosamukira kapena ayi, zimawonekera pamakhalidwe pofika nyengo yozizira. Sizamoyo zonse za kadzidzi zimauluka kupita kumadera akumwera, ambiri amakhala pansi. Kusamuka kumachitika kokha chifukwa cha kusowa kwakukulu kwa chakudya. Mbalame zam'mapiri zimasamukira kuzigwa, akadzidzi akumpoto amasiya malo awo okhala asanayambe kutentha.
Woodlands ndiosangalatsa mbalame, koma pali mitundu yolumikizidwa kumalo otseguka. Zisa za mbalame zimapezeka m'mabowo osiyidwa, pakati paphanga lamiyala; akadzidzi achisanu amaikira mazira awo mdzenje.
Owl - usiku mbalame, koma kungu woyera, chamba, kadzidzi amasakidwa masana. Masomphenya abwino, kumva mwatcheru, kuthekera kouluka mwakachetechete zimapangitsa mbalame kukhala zosaka zosayerekezeka. Pofunafuna nyama, nthawi zina zimalira kwambiri zomwe zimaopseza makoswe. Kusuntha pang'ono pokha kumakhala ngati chizindikiro kwa chilombocho kuti chiwukire.
Ndi mawu, mamvekedwe amachitidwe, mutha kudziwa mtundu wa mbalame:
- Kadzidzi amasindikiza "kuseka";
- "Kukwapula, kutsokomola" ndichikhalidwe cha kadzidzi wa khutu lalitali, kadzidzi wonyezimira;
- kulira kwa monosyllabic kumatulukanso ndi kadzidzi wachisanu;
- mluzu wosasangalatsa umachokera kwa kadzidzi, kadzidzi.
Kadzidzi amakhala moyo wawokha, samasokera pagulu. Kukhala kosiyana kumalumikizidwa ndi kuphatikana ndi tsamba linalake, gawo lililonse.
Zakudya zabwino
Kadzidzi ndi mbalame yolusa, maziko a chakudyacho ndi chakudya cha nyama. Pokhala osaka bwino kwambiri, mbalame zimadzipezera zofunika zilizonse. Chakudya chimadalira malo okhala.
Mbalame zazing'ono zimadya nyama zambiri zam'madzi, tizilombo tosiyanasiyana (kafadala, ziwala), makoswe ang'onoang'ono (mbewa, ma voles), omwe amapindulitsa kwambiri, kuwononga okhala m'nkhalango zowopsa.
Kadzidzi wamkulu amasaka nyama (hedgehogs, hares). Amadyanso makoswe, abuluzi, njoka, ndulu, achule, ndi zikopa. Ziwombankhanga zimaukira mbalame kawirikawiri, koma nthawi ya njala zimaukira nkhuku ndi anthu ochepa odutsa. Mitundu ya kadzidzi yomwe imakhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja imagwira nsomba, idyani nkhanu, mamazelo.
Chodziwika bwino cha kadzidzi chimadziwika kwa nthawi yayitali, mpaka mwezi umodzi, popanda madzi. Pomwe pakufunikiradi, amadzaza zakumwa zakumwa ndi magazi a omwe akhudzidwa. Koma zolusa za nthenga zimafunikira malo osungira kuti zithetse ludzu lawo, komanso njira zaukhondo. M'mayiko otentha, kadzidzi amaphatikiza zakudya ndi zipatso, zipatso, ndi zomera.
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo
Kadzidzi amapanga mapaundi okhazikika, kuswana, monga lamulo, kamodzi pachaka. Koma chakudya chochuluka chingathandize kupanga zida zatsopano nthawi yomweyo. Za zisa zawo kadzidzi m'nkhalango samanga, amapeza maenje oyenera, amakhala pachisa chakale chomwe mbalame zimasiyidwa, amakhala m'ming'alu, malo obisika. Mitundu ina, monga kadzidzi wa kanthawi kochepa, amaikira mazira ake pansi, mu udzu wandiweyani, kapena amapanga timabowo tating'ono.
Pofundira nthawi zambiri pamakhala mazira oyera 3-10, ochepa kukula kwake, pafupifupi mawonekedwe ozungulira. Mkazi amaikira mazira, kuyambira woyamba, pasanathe mwezi, motero, anapiye amisinkhu yosiyana amabwera muchisa pambuyo pake. Amuna amatenga nawo gawo kudyetsa mkazi, ndipo pambuyo pake - ana omwe abwera.
Zikopa zimaswa pansi, koma zofooka kwambiri, osakweza mitu yawo. Iwo ndi akhungu kwakanthawi komanso osamva. Mwana wankhuku womaliza mwa ana aswa, akulu amakhala atakwanitsa masiku khumi. Anapiye akuluakulu amathandizidwa kwambiri.
Amagwira ntchito yolanda chakudya kuchokera mkamwa mwa makolo awo; achichepere mwina sangapeze kalikonse. Nthawi ya njala, pamakhala milandu yodya anzawo, kuyesa mbalame zazikulu pa ang'ono awo pachisa.
Anapiye a kadzidzi Pakatha masiku pafupifupi 20, amayesa kutuluka m'chisa koyamba. Kukhala m dzenje nthawi zambiri kumakhala kotalikirapo. Mwambiri, zikopa zimadzilamulira patadutsa miyezi 2-3.
Ziwombankhanga m'chilengedwe sizikhala ndi moyo wopitilira zaka 8-10, popeza m'malo awo achilengedwe zimakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu chogwera nyama zikuluzikulu - mbewa, ziwombankhanga zagolide. Mu ukapolo, moyo wa kadzidzi ndiwotalikirapo, azaka 100 amakhala ndi zaka 40 kapena kupitilira apo.
Zolemba kunyumba
Mutha kutenga kadzidzi ngati chiweto ngati mwakonzeka kupatsa mbalame zosowa zake zofunika. Wosaka usiku adzafuna zochitika kuyambira madzulo mpaka m'mawa, kotero mbalameyo siyilola mwiniwake kugona.
Kadzidzi amafuna mitembo yathunthu ya makoswe kapena mbalame kuti adyetse, nyama yokha singagwire ntchito. Osati eni ake onse adzakhala okonzekera izi mkati. Mbalame zimafuna malo okwanira kuti zisakhale mu khola, kutambasula mapiko awo, ndipo nthawi zina zimauluka. Kadzidzi, kadzidzi, ndi mbalame zina zazikulu sizoyenera kukhala mnyumba.
Kadzidzi pa chithunzi Nthawi zonse amakopa chidwi ndi chidwi chake. Eni mbalame zoweta kuzindikira nzeru zawo, kusewera, umoyo, chidwi. Muyenera kugula chikwama mnyumba yosungira ana, chifukwa misika imagulitsa anthu omwe agwidwa ndi nyama zosaka nyama.
Mbalame zakutchire nthawi zambiri zimakhala zopanda thanzi, chifukwa chake mutha kubweretsa matenda mnyumba ndikusiyidwa opanda chiweto. Matenda mbalame kukula mofulumira. Njira yokhayo yoyenera komanso chisamaliro chenicheni ndi chomwe chidzaonetsetse kuti kholowo ali ndi thanzi labwino.
