Mdziko la tizilombo, agulugufe achifumu ali ndi tanthauzo - mafumu. Dzina lachifumu loti Danaida-monarch limachokera ku chiyambi chachifumu. Nthano zakale zimanena kuti mwana wamwamuna wamphamvu ku Aigupto adatchedwa Danai, chifukwa chake dzina la kachilomboka. Mtundu wachiwiri wa dzinali udapatsidwa gulugufe ndi a Samuel Skudder mu 1874, kutengera mawonekedwe ake akulu ndikulanda madera akuluakulu okhalamo.
Makhalidwe ndi malo agulugufe
Amfumu amayenda maulendo ataliatali kuti apite kumayiko otentha nthawi yachisanu. Chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe tizilombo timachita ndikunyanyala nyengo yozizira, ndipo chakudya chomwe chimadyedwa sichimakula nthawi yachisanu mmaiko omwe akukhalako.
Gulugufe wamfumu kuchokera ku mtundu wa Danaids, womwe ndi wa banja la nymphalid. Kwa nthawi yayitali, mtundu wa Danaids udagawika m'magulu atatu, omwe aiwalika m'nthawi yathu ino, ndipo lero agulugufe 12 ali amtundu womwewo. Zokhudza kufotokoza kwa agulugufe amfumu nthawi zina zosiyana.
Mapiko akukulira kwa gulugufe ndi akulu (masentimita 8-10). Koma kukula kwake sikodabwitsa kokha, koma kapangidwe ka phiko, lomwe lili ndi ma 1.5 miliyoni, ndilopatsa chidwi, ndipo thovu lilimo.
Mtundu wa mapikowo ndi osiyanasiyana, koma malankhulidwe ofiira ofiira ndi apamwamba pakati pa enawo, ndi olemera komanso ambiri. Pali mitundu yojambulidwa ndi mikwingwirima yachikaso, ndipo nsonga za mapiko awiri akutsogolo zimadziwika ndi timadontho talanje, m'mbali mwa mapikowo ndizozunguliridwa ndi chinsalu chakuda. Akazi agulugufe amasiyana ndi amuna omwe ali ndi mapiko akuda ndi ang'onoang'ono.
Kumpoto kwa America kuli tizilombo tambiri tokongola kwambiri. Koma chifukwa cha kusamuka kwa agulugufe amapezeka ngakhale ku Africa ndi Australia, Sweden ndi Spain. M'zaka za zana la 19, mawonekedwe a tizilombo ku New Zealand adadziwika. Agulugufe adapita ku Europe makamaka ku Madeira ndi Canary Islands, gulugufe adasamukira ku Russia.
Poona kutuluka kwa agulugufe, akatswiri ananena kuti mu Ogasiti amachoka ku North America ndikupita kumwera. Ndegeyo imachitika mzati, amatchedwanso "mitambo".
Pachithunzicho, kusamukira kwa agulugufe amfumu kumayiko ofunda
Ngati malo okhala amfumu ali pafupi kwambiri ndi kumpoto, ndiye kuti kusamukira kumayamba mchaka. Mzimayi amene ali pamalo ake amasuntha ndi enawo, samaikira mazira, koma amawasungira mkati mwawo pamene akuuluka, ndipo amangowakhazika pamalo atsopano pomwe amawaikira. Malo osungirako zachilengedwe a Mariposa Manarca adapangidwira agulugufe ku Mexico, ndipo si okhawo komwe agulugufe amfumu amakhala.
Chikhalidwe ndi moyo wa agulugufe a monarch
Danaida Monarch amakonda kutentha, ngati kutentha kumachitika mwachilengedwe, kuzizira kumabwera mwadzidzidzi, ndiye agulugufe amafa. Potengera maulendo, amatenga malo oyamba, kuwuluka kupita kumayiko ofunda, ali okonzeka kuyenda makilomita 4000 pa liwiro la 35 km / h. Malasankhuli samaopa nyama zolusa chifukwa cha utoto wake.
Mikwingwirima yachikasu, yoyera ndi yakuda imalamulira nyama zolusa kukhalapo kwa poizoni. Ikakhala masiku 42, mboziyo imadya chakudya nthawi 15,000 kuposa kulemera kwake, ndikukula mpaka masentimita asanu ndi awiri. "Mayi" wachikulire wamkulu amaikira mazira pamasamba aubweya.
Pachithunzicho pali mbozi ndi agulugufe amfumu
Ndiwo chakudya chachikulu cha gulugufe mu zakudya, madzi a chomerachi ali ndi ma glycosides ambiri. Popeza zakhala zikuwonjezeka, zimadutsa m'thupi la tizilombo.
M'nyengo yozizira, mafumu amayesa kumwa timadzi tokoma tambiri. Shuga amasandulika mafuta, omwe ndi ofunikira paulendo. Ndipo agulugufe amapita ulendo.
Pakakhala nyengo yachisanu, agulugufe amabisala kwa miyezi inayi. Agulugufe amfumu pachithunzichi panthawi yozizira sikuwoneka bwino. Ndipo onse chifukwa choti agulugufe amagona m'malo othinana, kuti asatenthe, amamatira kuzungulira nthambi zomwe zimatulutsa madzi amkaka.
Amakhala pamitengo, ngati magulu a rowan kapena mphesa. Pali nthawi yomwe mfumuyi imauluka kangapo m'miyezi inayi kuti itenge timadzi tokoma ndi madzi. Chinthu choyamba chomwe agulugufe amachita atatha kugona ndi kutambasula mapiko awo ndikuwaphatika kuti azitha kutentha paulendo womwe ukubwerawo.
Chakudya cha agulugufe a monarch
Gulugufe wa monarch amadyetsa zomera zomwe zimatulutsa mkaka wamkaka. Mbozi imadya msuzi wamkaka wokha. Pazakudya za mafumu akulu, timadzi tokoma ndi maluwa: lilac, karoti, aster, clover, goldenrod ndi ena.
Chakudya chambiri kwambiri kwa amfumu ndi ubweya wa thonje. M'zaka zaposachedwa, ubweya wa thonje wakhala ukulimidwa m'minda pakati pa mitengo, m'mabedi am'mizinda, m'minda yakutsogolo ya nyumba zanyumba.
Chomeracho chimakhala ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino osati zokopa chabe za gulugufe, komanso chokongoletsera pabwalo kapena pabedi lamaluwa. Chomeracho chili mpaka mamita awiri, masamba ndi zimayambira zili ndi madzi amkaka, omwe amalimbikitsa kukula ndi kuswana kwa mfumu Danaid.
Kubalana ndi kutalika kwa moyo wa agulugufe amfumu
Nthawi yokomera agulugufe imayamba mchaka, asanawuluke kupita kumayiko ofunda. Asanakwatirane, pamakhala nthawi ya chibwenzi, yomwe ndiyosangalatsa kuiona.
Choyamba, chachimuna chimathamangitsa chachikazi pothawa, kusewera ndi kukopa ndikupezeka kwake, amamugwira ndi mapiko ake, akumamusisita nthawi ndi nthawi. Kuphatikiza apo, akukankhira dala wosankhidwayo mokakamiza.
Ndi panthawiyi pomwe tizilombo timagonana. Thumba la umuna, lomwe mwamuna amapereka kwa mkazi, sikuti limangokhala gawo la umuna, komanso limathandizira mphamvu ya gulugufe mukamayikira mazira, ndipo ndiwothandizira kuyenda.
Mkaziyo ndi wokonzeka kuikira mazira nthawi yachilimwe kapena chilimwe. Mtundu wa mazirawo umasefukira koyera, kokometsetsa komanso mthunzi wachikasu. Mazira amakhala osakanizika bwino, opitilira sentimita imodzi m'litali, ndi millimeter mulifupi.
Patangodutsa masiku anayi kuchokera pamene wagona, mbozi imapezeka. Mbozi ya monarch ndiyolimba kwambiri ndipo nthawi yakukula imatha kuwononga ulimi. Choyamba, mbozi imadya mazira omwe adatulukirako, kenako ndikupita kokoma kwamasamba omwe mazirawo amasungidwa.
Malasankhuli amadziunjikira mphamvu ndi mphamvu ndipo pakatha masiku 14 amakhala zilombo. Pakadutsa milungu iwiri kuchokera pagulu la chrysalis, mfumuyi imasanduka gulugufe wokongola kwambiri.
Malinga ndi kafukufuku wasayansi, amadziwika kuti gulugufe wokongola wokhala ndi dzina lachifumu mikhalidwe yazachilengedwe amakhala masabata awiri mpaka miyezi iwiri. Moyo wa agulugufe omwe amalowa kusamukira kumatenga pafupifupi miyezi isanu ndi iwiri.
