Dzina losangalatsa nyumbu ili ndi chiyambi chifukwa cha mphuno yake. Chosangalatsanso kwambiri ndi nyama yomwe, yomwe imamveka chimodzimodzi. Izi ndi zina mwa nyama zotchuka komanso zochititsa chidwi ku Africa, ngati kuti zidapangidwa kuchokera kuzinyama zingapo ndipo zasunga zizolowezi za iliyonse. Amadyera m'malo athyathyathya, koma kawiri pachaka amapita ulendo wautali kukafunafuna malo abwino, pamwambowu ndi mwapadera nyama zakutchire.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Nyamayi
Antelopes ndi a oda ya artiodactyl, banja la bovids. Antelope, lotembenuzidwa kuchokera ku Middle Greek, limatanthauza nyama yamphongo, ndiosiyana, ngakhale yosiyana kwambiri. Chomwe chimagwirizanitsa nyama izi ndi kukhalapo kwa nyanga ndi miyendo yopyapyala ndi chisomo chonse cha mayendedwe, apo ayi atha kukhala ndi kusiyana kwakukulu.
Nyumbu ya m'gulu la agwape akuluakulu, komanso, ikuwoneka kuti imapangidwa kuchokera kuzinyama zosiyanasiyana kukhala imodzi. Thupi, mane ndi mchira komanso mawonekedwe amutu ndizofanana kwambiri ndi kavalo, koma nyanga ndi miyendo yopyapyala yopyapyala yotsalira ndi ziboda zogawanika zili pafupi kwambiri ndi oyimira ng'ombe. Kwa iwo, banja laling'ono linapangidwa ndi dzina lodziwitsa - antelopes a ng'ombe. Makhalidwe a antelope adatsatiridwa bwino pakuyenda kwawo mwachisangalalo, apa samawoneka ngati ng'ombe. Koma pamene akudyetsa - mawonekedwe awo amafanana ndi ng'ombe.
Kanema: Nyumbu
Chochitika chodabwitsa chachilengedwe, chomwe chimakopa akatswiri ambiri a zoo, akatswiri a sayansi ya zamoyo, asayansi ena komanso anthu achidwi, ndikusunthira kwakanthawi kwa gulu la mamiliyoni awiri kuchokera ku Tanzania kupita ku Kenya. Pakadali pano, kafukufuku, maphunziro, kuwunika kwaulendo wodabwitsa mpaka 2000 km ya anthu onse. Chiwonetserochi ndichopatsa chidwi, palibenso china chofanana komanso chofanana ndi nyama zakutchire.
Mitundu ingapo yamtchire imadziwika, nthawi zina, malinga ndi magwero osiyanasiyana, mayinawo amasiyana:
- nyumbu zoyera kapena zoyera;
- Nyama yamphongo yamizeremizere kapena yamtambo.
Mitunduyi imasiyana mosiyanasiyana komanso kufalikira, koma imagwirizana limodzi, ngakhale siyimaberekana. Achibale apafupi kwambiri ndi antelopes achithaphwi ndi agwape a congoni.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Nyama yamtchire
Nyama yayikulu mpaka mita imodzi ndi theka kutalika imafota, mpaka mamita awiri kutalika, yolemera 150 - 250 kg. Thupi limakhala lalikulu, lanyama, khosi ndi lalifupi, lakuda, nthawi zambiri limatambasula mopingasa, lokhala ndi cholemera chaka chilichonse, kukumbukira ng'ombe, kapena kavalo. Pamutu pake paimuna ndi chachikazi pali nyanga zokhota kumapeto ndi kupitirira, poyamba zimakhala zolimba komanso zokulirapo.
Kumunsi kumutu, katsitsi kakang'ono kokhala ngati kambuzi. Khosi lalifupi limakongoletsedwa ndi mane wautali, pafupifupi ngati wa kavalo, koma wowonda. Ndiponso mchira ukhoza kufanana ndi kavalo, kutalika kwa 85 - 100 cm, komabe kumayambira koyenda osati kotakata kwambiri.
Miyendo ya nyumbu imapatsa chisomo, ngati sichoncho iwo chinyama chikanakhala chosiyana kotheratu ndi agwape onse. Ndiopyapyala, ataliitali, akuthwa, ndikuthandizira kwawo nyama kulumpha, kuthamangira mwachangu, ali ndi phazi lokongola lomwe limapereka tanthauzo lonse la antelope. Mwendo uliwonse umatha ndi chiboda chochepa, koma chaching'ono.
Mtundu wa mitundu iwiri yosiyana ndiyosiyana. Nyama yamtambo wabuluu ndi yunifolomu yamtundu komanso yopingasa, osati mikwingwirima yakuda kwambiri mbali yakutsogolo kwa thupi. Polimbana ndi mdima waukulu, wokhala ndi utoto wonyezimira, samawoneka ngati osiyana. M'nkhalango zoyera, thupi limakhala laimvi kapena lakuda ndi mchira woyera woyera, zingwe zoyera pamayendedwe ndi ndevu.
Kodi nyumbu amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Nyumbu ku Africa
Nyumbu zimapezeka kudera lonse la Africa, ndipo zambiri zimapezeka pakatikati, ku Kenya. Tikulankhula za nyumbu yamtambo, popeza zoyera-zoyera ndizosowa, anthu amapezeka m'mapaki amtundu wokha, momwe amawayang'anira ndi kuwateteza. Nyumbu zonse zimafuna madzi ndi zomera zobiriwira, zimadya msipu, zigwa, pafupi ndi nkhalango komanso mitsinje nthawi zonse.
Kutentha kwa Africa sikuloleza kuti antelope azikhala nthawi zonse, amasuntha kawiri pachaka mvula itatha, kutali ndi nthaka youma, kuchokera kumwera mpaka kumpoto ndi kubwerera. Pakusamuka kwakutali, ziweto zonse zimasonkhana ndikusunthira mbali motsatizana, zipilala zotere zimayenda makilomita makumi.
Zopinga zazikulu panjira ndi mitsinje. Nyumbu zimaopa kukhala oyamba kufika pamadzi, amadziwa kuti zilombo zomwe zikuwadikirira kumeneko.
Chifukwa chake, amadziunjikira pafupi ndi gombe mpaka atakhala ndi daredevils kapena mpaka kukakamiza kwa antelope, kuyimirira kutsogolo, kuyamba kugwera m'madzi. Apa, anthu amafa mochuluka, osati chifukwa cha ng'ona ngakhale kumizidwa chifukwa amadzivulazana, kuwakankhira kumapiri ndikupondaponda abale awo. Ndipo kawiri pachaka.
Antelope ena amakhala m'malo ena a ku Africa ndipo satenga nawo mbali paulendo wovuta chonchi. Amayang'ananso kupezeka kwa malo obiriwira komanso kuchuluka kwa mitsinje, potero amatha kusamukira kumadera abwino ndi magulu awo ang'onoang'ono.
Kodi nyumbu amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Nyumbu mwachilengedwe
Apa nyamazo ndizosankha, posankha mitundu ina ya udzu womwe sukukula kwambiri. Iyenera kukhala yowutsa mudyo, sigwiritsa ntchito msipu wamtchire. Gulu limadalira kupezeka kwa chakudya chomwe amakonda ndipo amakakamizidwa kutsatira kuchuluka kwake. Nyumbu imadyetsa pafupifupi magawo awiri pa atatu a tsiku, kudya 4 - 5 kg ya amadyera. Pakakhala kusowa kwa chakudya, nyumbu zimatha kutsikira pazitsamba, timitengo tating'onoting'ono tobiriwira, masamba ndi zokoma. Koma izi ndizokakamizidwa, ndizosavuta kuti iwo ayende ulendo wautali kuti akapeze chakudya chomwe amakonda.
Ndizosangalatsa kudziwa kuti pali ubale wopindulitsa pakati pa nyama, nyumbu ndi mbidzi. Oyambirira ali ndi kamvekedwe kabwino, koma samatha kuwona bwino, ndipo omalizawo, m'malo mwake. Chifukwa chake, chilengedwe chalamula kuti nyama zizikhala limodzi, kudyetsa ndi kuthawa adani.
Kuphatikiza apo, zomwe amakonda polemba ndizosiyana, mbidzi zimapita patsogolo kukadya masamba ataliatali, owuma, omwe nyama zamtchire sizimadya. Nyumbu imatsalira ndi udzu wokonda kwambiri, wopanda msipu, womwe tsopano ndiosavuta kuti akafikire.
Mbidzi zimathandizanso pakusamuka kwa mphalapala, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mwambowu ukhale wosangalatsa kwambiri. Zinyama ziwiri zosiyana kwambiri zimayenda ulendo waukulu limodzi, monga momwe chilengedwe chimaphunzitsira. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti nyumbu zimadalira kwambiri madzi, ulendo wopita kumalo othirira kumtsinje uyenera kuchitika tsiku lililonse. Kuyanika mitsinje ndi imodzi mwamavuto akuluakulu a nyumbu, yomwe imawalimbikitsa kusamuka.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Nyamayi
Nyumbu ndi nyama zokonda kucheza, ndipo zimatha kudyetsa ndi kusuntha ziweto zazikulu, ndipo zidagawika tating'onoting'ono, 100-200. Nthawi zambiri, kugawa magawo ndi kugawikana kwa ziweto kumachitika nthawi yokomana. Pakadali pano, amunawo amalemba malire amderali ndimatope apadera ndikulimbana ndi alendo omwe sanaitanidwe. Nthawi yotsala, ng'ombe zimatha kugwira ntchito limodzi.
Poyamba, nyumbu ndi nyama zodekha koma zimakhala ndi nkhawa yambiri. Popeza ali ndi adani okwanira m'miyoyo yawo, amakhala tcheru nthawi zonse, okonzeka kumasuka ndikuthawa, kutsatira gulu, osasiyana. Manyazi, amangowathandiza, chifukwa nyama zolusa ndizadzidzidzi ndipo ndibwino kukhala tcheru. Izi zimachitika kuti nyamazi zimayamba kudumpha mwamantha kuchokera kumapazi akutsogolo kupita kumbuyo, ndikungogwedeza mutu wawo nthawi yomweyo, mwina kuti athe kuwonetsa kuti alibe chitetezo chilichonse ndipo ndi okonzeka kukana.
Zikamadyetsa, nyamazi zimafanana kwambiri ndi gulu la ng'ombe zoweta, sizithamanga, zimathamanga, zimatafuna chingamu pang'onopang'ono. Koma ngati munthu m'modzi angakumbukire kuti ali pachiwopsezo, munthawi yomweyo onse, okwanira anthu mazana asanu, amathawa mwachangu. Nyumbu zimasamalira ubweya wawo, zimathyola zingwe za mchira wawo ndi kuyendetsa nthambi za mitengo ndi tchire, komanso nyanga za abale awo. Amatha kusenda ubweya waufupi ndi lilime lawo. Ndi mchira wawo, amathamangitsa ntchentche.
Chochitika chosangalatsa kwambiri m'moyo wa nyama ndi kusamuka kwa chilimwe mu Julayi kuchokera ku Tanzania kupita ku Kenya, kutali ndi chilala mpaka mitsinje ndi mvula. Komanso kubwerera ku Tanzania mu Okutobala.
Kuchokera panja zimawoneka ngati chiwombankhanga chadzidzidzi, ng'ombe zambiri zimalumikizana ndikusuntha mumtsinje wopitilira wa makilomita ambiri. Ndipo koposa zonse, izi zimachitika chaka chilichonse, kusamuka uku kumawathandiza kuti apulumuke. Cholinga cha nyama ndi chodabwitsa, sichiwombedwa ngakhale ndi ng'ona m'mitsinje, kuwopa kuponderezedwa. Pali kale anthu pakati pa anthu omwe amakonza maulendo kuti adzaone nthawi yofunika iyi m'moyo wa nyama zosawerengeka. Amaperekedwanso kuti aziyang'anira kuchokera pa ndegeyo paulendo.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Wildebeest Cub
Kutengera komwe gulu la ziweto limakhala komanso ngati likutenga nawo mbali pakusamukira kwakukulu, mayendedwe ake amasiyana:
- Ziweto zosamuka zimatha kugawikana pakati pomwe chakudya chimakhala chochuluka komanso nthawi yokomana ndi kuswana. Amuna odziwika kwambiri amalemba madera ndikumenya nkhondo ndi nyanga zawo ndi akunja m'malire, kutsitsa kutsogolo kwa thupi kugwada. Pakati pa kusamuka, mosasamala zaka ndi jenda, ziweto zonse ndizolumikizana, chikhalidwe chonse chimasowa.
- Gulu lomwe limakhala kumalo okhala ndi chakudya chocheperako, chomwe sichimagwirizanitsa kusamuka, chimakhala ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana. Azimayi omwe ali ndi ana amakhala m'magulu osiyana, okhala m'malo ang'onoang'ono. Makulidwe awo akakhala apamwamba, amakhala odekha, amasunga ana awo pafupi nawo. Amuna nthawi zina amatha kupanga ziweto zosiyana, koma ndizosakhalitsa, zikafika zaka 3-4, amayamba kukhala moyo wodziyimira pawokha. Pokhapokha, amayesa kujowina zazikazi nthawi yokomana ndikupanga gulu lanthawi yochepa. Amayesetsa kuti akwere ndi akazi onse m'gulu.
Nthawi yokwanira yamatchire onse imatenga kuyambira Epulo mpaka Juni, kenako ziweto zomwe zidapangidwa, kulemba madera ndi masewera osakanikirana kumatha, amuna amabwerera kwawo. Zazimayi zimabereka ana pafupifupi miyezi isanu ndi inayi. Monga lamulo, mwana wamwamuna mmodzi amabadwa, osakhala awiri. Pakatha maola ochepa, amatha kuyenda ndikuthamanga, koma osati mwachangu ngati achikulire. Nthawi yodyetsa imatenga miyezi 7 - 8, koma kuyambira mwezi woyamba wamoyo, anawo amayamba kudya udzu. Koma, mwatsoka, gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a anawo amakhala achikulire, gulu limataya ena onse, chifukwa olusa ndiwo nyama yosavuta komanso yofunika kwambiri.
Adani achilengedwe a nyumbu
Chithunzi: Nyumbu zaku Africa
Ng'ombe zamphongo ndizofunikira kwambiri pazakudya za anthu ambiri aku Africa. Amphaka odyetsa, mikango, akambuku, anyani amatha kuphwanya nyama zamtchire. Zomwe akuyenera kuchita ndikusankha wovulalayo, kutsatira osasinthana ndi ena, kupatukana pang'ono ndi gulu lalikulu ndikugwira pakhosi.
Nyamayo imamwalira mwachangu ndi zikhadabo zamphamvu ndi mano a adani. Njira yosavuta yothanirana ndi anawo: sathamanga kwambiri, amalimbana mosavuta ndi ziwetozo ndipo mphalapalayo imatha kugwira ndikunyamula wovulalayo. Fisi ndi ocheperako ndipo sangathe kupha gwape okha, koma mosangalala amadya zotsalira za mikango ndi amphaka ena. Gulu laling'ono la afisi limatha kulimbana ndi nyama imodzi yokha, kenako limadya limodzi.
Nyumbu ndi okonda madzi, nthawi zambiri amaima m'mbali mwa mtsinje ndikumwa madzi. Pali mdani wina amene akuyembekezera iwo - ng'ona. Amathanso kulanda dzanja la antelope ndikuikokera m'madzi kuti imire, kenako ndikupita kukadya modekha. Zotsalira za antelope ndizofunikanso, zimadyedwa ndi owononga, mwachitsanzo, ma griffins. Pali ambiri mwa iwo m'mphepete mwa mtsinje, pomwe antelopes atasamuka pamakhala matupi ambiri oponderezedwa. Anthu amasakanso agwape a nyama, khungu kapena nyanga. M'zaka za zana la 19, antelopes anali chakudya chachikulu cha atsamunda.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Nyumbu ndi njovu
Ngakhale kuti mtundu wa nyumbu zakuyera zoyera zimawerengedwa kuti zatsala pang'ono kutha ndipo zimangokhala m'malo osungidwa, nyama zonse zamtchire ndizoposa mamiliyoni atatu. Amakhulupirira kuti m'zaka za zana la 19 adasakidwa kotero kuti chiwerengerocho chidatsikira pafupifupi anthu zikwi zingapo. Koma atazindikira bwino m'nthawi yake ndikupanga malo abwino, anthu adatha kuthana ndi vutoli ndikupatsa mwayi mwayi wokhala ndi kubereka mwamtendere.
Kutalika kwa nyumbu kumafikira zaka 20, koma chifukwa cha zovuta zamoyo, ziweto zambiri, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zazifupi. Ali mu ukapolo, atha kukhala ndi moyo nthawi yayitali ndikubweretsa ana ambiri, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo osungira ndi malo osungira nyama.
Tsopano nyumbu akumva bwino, sali pachiwopsezo, amadziwika kuti ndi nyama yotchuka kwambiri komanso yotchuka ku Africa. Ng'ombe zawo zimawoneka zazikulu chifukwa cha abwenzi anzawo a mbidzi. Pamodzi amakhala madera akuluakulu, amadyetsa ziweto zawo ndikupuma. Ndikosavuta kuwasokoneza ndi ziweto, kudyetserako ziweto pafupi, akuimira mpikisano wina ndi mnzake.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 04.02.2019
Tsiku losintha: 16.09.2019 nthawi ya 17:01
