Chinyama chochokera kubanja lachiweto chomwe chimakhala ndi ziwopsezo za chilombo chidasankhidwa ndi akatswiri azowona ngati mtundu wina. Zimanenedwa za cheetah mu "The Lay of Igor's Campaign" - mbiri yakale kwambiri ndi banja lake. Physiology, zizolowezi, mawonekedwe osowa a nyama ndizapadera. Kuthamanga kwa Cheetah ikuyenda mpaka makilomita 112 pa ola - ndiyo nyama yofulumira kwambiri pakati pa nyama zapadziko lapansi.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Mutha kusiyanitsa ma cheetah ndi mitundu ina ya mafine ndi mtundu wachilendo wa khungu, thupi lowonda, minofu yotukuka, miyendo yayitali ndi mchira. Kutalika kwa thupi la chilombocho ndi pafupifupi 1.5 m, kulemera kwake ndi 40-65 kg, kutalika ndi masentimita 60-100. Mutu wawung'ono wokhala ndi mphuno yofupikitsidwa.
Makutu ndi afupiafupi, owongoka, ozungulira. Maso ali okwezeka. Miyendo ndi yolimba, zikhomo zokhala ndi zikhadabo zosasunthika, zomwe zimasiyanitsa ma cheetah ndi amphaka onse amtchire. Makanda okha mpaka azaka zinayi zokha amatha kutulutsa zikhadabo zawo, kenako amataya kuthekera kumeneku.
Chovala chanyama ndichachifupi kwambiri, mbali yakumtunda yokha ndi yomwe imakongoletsedwa ndi kansalu kakang'ono ka tsitsi lakuda. Mwa ana, mane osungunuka amayenda kumbuyo. Mtundu wa ubweyawo ndi wachikasu wamchenga, mawanga amdima amabalalika pakhungu lonse, kupatula pamimba. Kukula ndi mawonekedwe amtunduwu amasiyana. Chizindikiro cha cheetah ndi mabala akuda akuda - mikwingwirima yoyambira m'maso mpaka pakamwa.
Mutha kusiyanitsa nyalugwe ndi akalulu ena owoneka ndimizere iwiri yakuda pamaso.
Maonekedwe a chilombocho amapereka zizindikiro za wothamanga. Pakuthamanga, thupi lodana ndi cheetah limakhala ndi liwiro lodziwika bwino. Mchira wautali ndi balancer yabwino kwambiri. Mapapu a chinyama ali ndi voliyumu yayikulu, yomwe imalimbikitsa kupuma kwambiri mukamathamanga kwambiri.
Chifukwa cheetah ndi nyama yofulumira kwambiri, m'masiku akale, akalonga akum'maiko anali kugwiritsira ntchito zilombo zolusa kusaka agwape. Olamulira achiiguputo achiiguputo, ma khans aku Central Asia, ma rajah aku India nawonso anali ndi maphukusi ambirimbiri.
Adawatsogoza atatenga nyamayo atavala zisoti pamaso, kuti asathamangire kuzithamangitsa. Pokasaka, nyalugwe sanayese kupha nyama zomwe zagwidwa mpaka akalonga atayandikira. Zikhadabo zakuthwa zakutchire zimasunga nyama zikamenyedwa modabwitsa.
Monga mphotho, nyama zimalandira matupi awo. Kusaka nyalugwe inali mphatso yamtengo wapatali. Nyama sichimabala ukapolo, chifukwa chake ndi anthu olemekezeka okha omwe amatha kugwidwa, kuwetedwa komanso kuphunzitsidwa.
Kusazolowereka kwa nyama yakutchire kumawonekera poti ndiyosavuta kuyizolowera ngakhale itakula, ndipo imadzipereka ku maphunziro. Amawonetsa kukhulupirika kwa mwini galu, kuzolowera leash ndi kolala. M'malo osungira nyama, amazolowera ogwira ntchito, koma amakhala tcheru kwambiri ndi alendo.
Mbiri ya nyalugwe imayamba asanafike zaka zachisanu, zomwe adapulumuka mozizwitsa, koma amakhala ndi "mtanda" wokhudzana ndi chibadwa kuchokera pachibale mokakamizidwa - oposa theka la anawo, mpaka 70%, amamwalira chaka chisanathe. Kusunga nyama mu ukapolo ndizovuta kwambiri.
Amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi ma drafti, kutentha, kusintha kwa ma virus - makamaka, samazolowera chilengedwe chatsopano. Zofunikira zachilengedwe za nyama zimakhala m'malo ambiri, zakudya zofunikira.
Cheetah amadziwika kuti ndi nyama yothamanga kwambiri padziko lapansi
Tsoka ilo, kuchuluka kwa zinyama kumachepetsa nthawi zonse chifukwa chakuchepa kwa madera oyenera kukhalamo, poaching. Mammal cheetah mu Red Book amadziwika kuti ndi nyama yomwe ili pangozi.
Mitundu
Zaka mazana angapo zapitazo, zilombo zolusa zinakhala kwambiri ku Asia ndi Africa. Malinga ndi kafukufuku wa 2007, anthu ochepera 4,500 amakhalabe ku Africa, pomwe Asia ndi yocheperako.
Chiwerengero cha nyama chikuchepa, ngakhale ndizotetezedwa ndi zachilengedwe. Gulu lomwe likupezeka pano liphatikizanso magawo asanu otsala a cheetah, osawerengera ochepa omwe adatha. Imodzi imapezekanso ku Asia, ma subspecies anayi amakhala ku Africa.
Asia cheetah. Chiwerengero cha subspecies chikuyandikira gawo lovuta, ndichifukwa chake pali chidwi chochulukirapo. M'madera omwe mulibe anthu ambiri ku Iran, simukhala nyama zopitilira 60. Anthu ena onse amasungidwa m'malo ochepa m'malo osungira nyama m'maiko osiyanasiyana.
Makhalidwe a subspecies aku Asia ndi miyendo yotsika, khosi lamphamvu, ndi khungu lakuda. Madera akuluakulu a osaka liwiro akucheperachepera. Munthu amapondereza nyamayo m'malo ake oyambilira - masanna, zipululu. Chiwerengero cha maululu amtchire omwe amapanga chakudya cha nyamayi akuchepa.
Nyalugwe wachifumu. Mikwingwirima yakuda kumbuyo kwake zimapangitsa kukhala kosavuta kuzindikira zazing'ono za ku Africa zotchedwa Rex mutation. Mawanga akulu amdima amaphatikizana pamodzi m'mbali mwa nyama, ndikupatsa mawonekedwewo mawonekedwe osazolowereka.
Mtundu wachilendowu wadzetsa mkangano pakati pa asayansi pankhani yokhudza nyama yachifumu yomwe ili pagulu lanyama. Maonekedwe a ana okhala ndi chovala chomwecho amalumikizidwa ndi jini losinthika lochokera kwa makolo onse awiri, ndikupatsa kusintha kwamitundu.
Cheetah ku Africa opezeka mumitundu ina yosinthika yomwe imasangalatsanso:
- maalubino oyera kapena ma melanists akuda - mawangawo sangaoneke;
- ma cheetah ofiira - mawanga ofiira ofiira kwambiri pagulu laubweya;
- utoto wonyezimira wokhala ndi mawanga ofiira ofiira.
Ubweya wofiirira umawonekera, mwina pakati pa anthu okhala m'malo am'chipululu obisala - chomwe chimasinthidwa ndikudzitchinjiriza ku dzuwa lotentha chikuchitika.
Nyalugwe waku Europe - nyama zomwe zatha. Zotsalira zapezedwa makamaka ku France. Kukhalapo kwa mitunduyi kumatsimikiziridwa ndi zojambula zamiyala zomwe zimapezeka kuphanga la Shuve.
Mitundu yaku Europe inali yayikulupo komanso yamphamvu kuposa ma cheetah amakono aku Africa. Kulemera kwakukulu kwa thupi, minofu yotukuka imaloledwa kukhala ndi liwiro lothamanga kwambiri kuposa la anyani omwe apulumuka mpaka lero.
Moyo ndi malo okhala
M'mbuyomu, madera akumwera kwa Asia ndi zipululu za ku Africa anali kukhala ndi ziweto zambiri. Zigawo zazing'ono zaku Africa zochokera ku Morocco kupita ku Cape of Good Hope zimakhala mu kontrakitala. Ma subspecies aku Asia adagawidwa ku India, Pakistan, Israel, Iran. M'madera omwe kale anali Soviet Union, nyalugwe nawonso sanali nyama yosowa. Lero chilombocho chatsala pang'ono kutha.
Kuwononga kwakukulu kudapangitsa kuti zamoyo zisungidwe, makamaka ku Algeria, Zambia, Kenya, Angola, Somalia. Ku Asia, kuli anthu ochepa kwambiri. Pazaka zana zapitazi, kuchuluka kwa achinyama kwatsika kuchoka pa 100 kufika pa anthu 10,000.
Zowononga zimapewa nkhalango, zimakonda malo otseguka. Nyama yanyama sakhala nyama zokonda kucheza, amakhala moyo wawokha. Ngakhale banja limapangidwa kwakanthawi kochepa, kenako limatha.
Amuna amakhala okha, koma nthawi zina amakhala mgulu la anthu 2-3, momwe ubale umapangidwira. Akazi amakhala okha, ngati sachita nawo kulera ana. Akambuku alibe mikangano mkati mwa magulu.
Akuluakulu amalekerera kuyandikira kwa anyalugwe ena, ngakhale kutsuka ndi kunyambitirana ndi anzanu. Za cheetah titha kunena kuti iyi ndi nyama yokonda mtendere pakati pa abale ake.
Mosiyana ndi nyama zambiri zomwe zimadya nyama, cheetah imasaka masana kokha, zomwe zimafotokozedwa ndi momwe zimapezera chakudya. Pofunafuna chakudya, amapita nthawi yozizira m'mawa kapena madzulo, koma kunja kukada. Ndikofunika kuti cheetah iwone nyama yake, ndipo isamve ngati nyama zina. Chilombocho sichimakonda kusaka usiku.
Cheetah samakhala motayirira kwa maola ochuluka ndikuyang'ana wovutitsidwayo. Powona nyamayo, nyamayo imamugwira msanga. Kuyendetsa kwachilengedwe ndi kuthamanga kwachilengedwe kwakhala kwachilengedwe kwa nyama kwanthawi yayitali, pomwe anali akatswiri pamalo otseguka.
Malo awo ali ndi makhalidwe othamanga. Kuthamanga kwambiri, kudumpha kwakutali kwa chilombocho, kuthekera kosintha mayendedwe othamanga liwiro la mphezi kuti anyenge wovulalayo - kuthawa cheetah zopanda ntchito. Iye akhoza kupusitsidwa, chifukwa mphamvu ya chilombo sikokwanira kwa kuthamangitsa yaitali.
Gawo lamwamuna ndi lotseguka, lomwe amalemba ndi mkodzo kapena ndowe. Chifukwa chosowa zikhadabo, nyalugayi samayang'ana zomera zomwe sizingakwere. Nyama imatha kuthawira pansi pa chitsamba chaminga, korona wobiriwira wa mtengo. Kukula kwa chiwembu chachimuna kumadalira kuchuluka kwa chakudya, ndipo chiwembu chachikazi chimadalira kupezeka kwa ana.
Adani achilengedwe a cheetah ndi mikango, afisi, akambuku, omwe samangotenga nyama, koma amalowerera ana awo. Nyama zamtchire osatetezeka. Kuvulala komwe amalandira kuchokera kwa omwe agwidwawo nthawi zambiri kumakhala koopsa kwa alenjewo, chifukwa amangopeza chakudya chowoneka bwino. Chilombo chanzeru.
Zakudya zabwino
Nthawi zambiri, mphalapala, mbawala, mbidzi, mbawala, impala, nkhosa zamapiri zimakhala nyama yolusa. Cheetah samakana kuchokera ku hares, mbalame. Pakasaka kopambana, imatha kugonjetsa nthiwatiwa, nyumbu yaying'ono, ndi mwana wa njenjete.
Zolusa zimakoka nyama zawo kupita nazo kumalo obisika kuti olimbana nawo mwamphamvu ngati afisi ndi mikango asatenge. Zinyama zamphamvu zimakhala ndi mwayi woposa cheetah wofooka pambuyo pothamangitsa. Kuti achire, amafunika osachepera theka la ola. Chifukwa chake, nyama zazikulu komanso zochenjera, popanda zotsutsana nazo, zimakoka nkhomaliro yaulere.
Nyama yonyama sidya. Atatha kudya, ngati si nyama yonse yadyedwa, nyamazo sizibweranso, zimakonda kusaka kwatsopano. Sapanga zopangira. Zinyama zimadabwitsa anthu omwe amawazunza powakwapula mwamphamvu, kenako ndikuwapinimbiritsa. Monga lamulo, kuthamangitsako kumatha pamtunda wa 200-300 mita. Ngati wovutikirayo amatha kuthawa, ndiye kuti chilombocho chimasiya kusangalala nacho, chimasiya kutsatira.
Cheetah ndi mtunda wautali wothamanga. Ngakhale mapapu akulu, minofu yotukuka, nyama imatopa kwambiri ikagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochuluka pothamangitsa. Samachita nawo nkhondo, chifukwa chilonda chilichonse sichingamulole kusaka mtsogolo. Hafu yokha ya ziwopsezo zakusaka zimachita bwino.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Pakuberekana, amuna amagwirizana m'magulu a anthu 3-4 kuti agonjetse madera atsopano ndi akazi. Kawirikawiri amuna ochokera kumsonkhano umodzi wamatalala. Mimba ya akazi imakhala mpaka masiku 95, ana aamuna 2-4 amabadwa. Ana amawoneka opanda chilichonse. Maso amangotseguka pakatha milungu iwiri.
Ubweya wa anawo ndi wamtambo wabuluu, wautali. Kuyang'ana kumawonekera pambuyo pake. Kukongoletsa kwa mwana ndi mane wakuda, ngayaye kumapeto kwa mchira. Pakatha miyezi 4 zizindikirozi zimatha. Iyi ndi nthawi yoopsa m'moyo wa mphaka, chifukwa ndizosavuta kudya nyama iliyonse, ngakhale pakati pa mbalame. Pakalibe amayi, ana amachita mwakachetechete kwambiri, amabisala m dzenje.
Kudyetsa mkaka kumatenga miyezi 8, kenako mkaziyo amabweretsa nyama zovulala kuti adzutse mwanzeru. Mpaka chaka, nthawi zina kuposa pamenepo, ana amafunika kuwasamalira. Wamphongo satenga nawo mbali posamalira ana.
Mwachilengedwe, moyo wa nyalugwe ndi zaka 15-25. M'malo osungira nyama, malo osungira nyama - nthawi yamoyo idakulitsidwa, koma palibe kuberekana kwa nyama. Zakudya zabwino ndi chithandizo chamankhwala sizokwanira kukwaniritsa zosowa za nyama.
Ndikofunikira kutengera mawonekedwe azachilengedwe, kuwonetseredwa kwa malingaliro apadera kwa iwo pagulu la anthu.Cheetah pachithunzichi - nyama yokoma, koma ndizosangalatsa kumuwona osati pazithunzi zokha, komanso m'chilengedwe.
