Ngamila yanyama chodabwitsa komanso chosiyana ndi malo okhalamo komanso zina. Ngamila zimasinthidwa kuti zizikhala m'malo ouma ndi achipululu, ndipo amatha kukhala masiku angapo osamwa madzi. Anthu okhala m'chipululu amasunga ngamila m'malo mwa ziweto chifukwa ndiwothandiza kwambiri ndipo amatha kunyamula katundu wambiri.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Ngamila Ndi nyama yayikulu yomwe imakhala m'chipululu. Nyamayo ndi yolemera kwambiri komanso yayikulu, chifukwa imatha kunyamula mitengo ikuluikulu yolemera. Ngamila yayikulu imatha kulemera mpaka makilogalamu mazana asanu ndi awiri. Ngamila m'chipululu amapulumuka chifukwa cha hump - imodzi kapena ziwiri, momwe zimasungira mafuta.
Ma eyelashes awiriawiri komanso atali kwambiri, komanso mphuno yopapatiza, "yoluma", amateteza ku mphepo zamchenga zam'chipululu. Zimatsekedwa mwamphamvu, zimateteza ku mchenga wolowa m'mapapu nthawi yamkuntho.
Ngamila pachithunzichi zitha kuwoneka ngati zazikulu, koma kukula kwake pafupifupi kumafika mamita awiri ndi kupitilira apo. Chifukwa chapadera cha chakudya, milomo ya nyama idakulirakulira - izi ndizofunikira kuti ngamila ikokere zomera zaminga ndi kuzidya. Mlomo wapamwamba wa ngamila wagawika magawo awiri.
Nyamayo imatha kutsika pamchenga wotentha kwambiri ndikugona pamenepo kwa nthawi yayitali. Ngamila imagona pamiyendo yokhota ndi zigongono. Nyamayo imakhalanso ndi phazi lakufoloko komanso chikhadabo.
Mapazi awa ndi abwino kwa nyama yomwe imakhala mchipululu - imatha kuyenda pamchenga komanso pamiyala. Komanso, ngamira imakhala ndi mchira wawung'ono, pafupifupi theka la mita, kumapeto kwake kuli ngayaye yayikulu.
Mitundu
Pali mitundu iwiri yayikulu ya nyama zam'chipululu - ngamila imodzi yodumphadumpha (dromedar) ndi Ngamila ya bactrian (bactrian).
Zosiyana ndi za Bactrian:
- ma hump awiri;
- kuphimba thupi lonse ndi ubweya;
- chifuwa chachikulu;
- mafupa ofupikira nkhope ndi mabowo amaso akulu;
- khosi lopindika koma lalifupi;
- m'dera la mikono, ndevu ndi mutu, tsitsi limakhala lolimba, ndikupanga mtundu wa mane;
- miyendo yayifupi.
Ngamila ubweya yopyapyala, koma ndi ubweya waubweya, womwe umalola kuti nyamayo ipulumuke m'malo ozizira, osavutika ndi kuzizira komanso kutentha kwambiri. Ku Bactrian, mtunda pakati pa ma hump awiriwa sunadzazidwe ndi mafuta, ndipo gawo la sacral la thupi ndi mapewa silimakula bwino. Kwa apaulendo, a Bactrian sanasinthidwe.
Makhalidwe apadera a dromedar:
- hump kamodzi kakang'ono;
- chovala chachifupi;
- miyendo yaitali;
- mafupa a nkhope yayitali ndi gawo lotsogola kutsogolo;
- mafoni, milomo yopyapyala, masaya onenepa;
- chifuwa chaching'ono;
- khosi lalitali komanso lolimba kwambiri;
- khungu lowonda ndi mafupa owonda;
- kutenga pakati kwa akazi mu dromedary kuli masabata atatu mwachangu kuposa ku Bactrian.
Kuwonjezera pa mitundu iwiri ya nyama, pali subspecies - hybrids anabadwira m'mapiri.
Zophatikiza:
- Nar ndi Nar - may (akazi). M'maonekedwe ake amafanana kwambiri ndi dromed, koma thunthu lawo limakulitsidwa. Ana a ngamila ndi akulu kuposa makolo awo. Chizindikiro cha Nara ndikuthekera kubereka, zomwe sizofanana ndi mtundu wina, koma ana a ngamila izi nthawi zambiri samapulumuka, ndiopweteka kwambiri komanso ofooka.
- Mkati. Ili ndi thupi lamphamvu, malaya abwino komanso thunthu lalitali, lalitali. Amayi amkati amapereka mkaka wambiri.
- Jarbai. Mtundu uwu ndi wosowa kwambiri, chifukwa cha kupweteka ndi kufooka kwa ana.
- Cospak. Zophatikiza zazikulu, zimatulutsa mkaka wambiri.
- Kurt ndi Kurt - Nar. Ngamila Zophatikiza, zamankhwala amodzi. Chinyamacho chimasiyanitsidwa ndikutambasula pang'ono ndikubala kwambiri mkaka wopanda mafuta ambiri.
- Kama, wosakanizidwa wosazolowereka, omwe sanagwiritse ntchito ngamira yokha, komanso nyama ina, yofanana - llama. Kunja, ngamila iyi imawoneka ngati llama - ilibe chiuno komanso tsitsi lalifupi. Komanso, Kama amatha kulemera kwambiri.
AT Maulendo apa ngamila Nthawi zambiri amatenga nyama zolimba komanso zolimba, zomwe sizimangonyamula katundu wambiri mosavuta, komanso zimatha kukhala panjira kwa nthawi yayitali osagwa.
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Ngamila zimakhala pansi, koma zimachoka kudera lina la m'chipululu kupita kwina. Pakusintha koteroko, amayenera kugunda maulendo ataliatali ndi malo ovuta - zipululu, malo amiyala ndi mapiri.
Kuthamanga kwa ngamila osakhala okwera, motero magulu apaulendo amayenda pang'onopang'ono. Koma ngati awona zomwe akuchita kapena kuyang'aniridwa, amatha kuthamanga mwachangu masiku angapo, mpaka atatopa kwathunthu ndikumva kuti mdani watsalira. Nthawi zambiri, ngamila zimathawa utsi wamoto, akambuku, mimbulu.
Ngamila zimakhala m'malo ouma, koma nthawi zina muziyandikira pafupi ndi madzi kuti mudzaze madzi. Nyama izi sizimangoyendayenda zokha; apaulendo kapena gulu limakhala osachepera asanu, ndipo nthawi zambiri pafupifupi anthu makumi awiri. Yaimuna yayikulu ndiyotsogolera gulu lonse.
Nyama zimagwira ntchito kwambiri masana, ndipo usiku zimagona, kapena zimakhala zofooka komanso zaulesi. Mphepo yamkuntho ikafika m'chipululu, ngamila zimatha kunama tsiku lonse, ndipo kukatentha kwambiri, zimabisala m'zigwa ndi zitsamba, kapena kuyenda motsutsana ndi mphepo kuti zizizire.
Bactrian ndi amantha pang'ono, koma odekha komanso osachita ndewu kwa anthu. Ena, olusa, atha kukhala owopsa.
Zimakhala zovuta kudziwa komwe ngamilazi zimakhala, chifukwa malo ake amakhala ambiri. Zimavomerezedwa kuti nyama izi zimakhala makamaka m'malo ouma, achipululu. Komabe, mutha kukumana ndi ngamila osati mchipululu kokha, komanso theka-chipululu, komanso kutalika kwa makilomita zikwi zitatu pamwamba pa nyanja.
M'zaka zaposachedwa, ngamila zachepetsedwa kwambiri, motero, malo awo atsika. Izi ndichifukwa choti magwero onse amadzi mchipululu amakhala ndi munthu, ndipo ngamila zakutchire - haptagai, chifukwa cha izi, sangathe kufikira posungira madzi ndikudzaza malo awo osungira.
Ngamila ya bactrian idalembedwa mu Red Book. Komabe, lero mutha kupezabe nyama izi kuthengo m'malo angapo:
- China - malo ouma, makamaka malo amchere, monga Nyanja Lop Nor;
- Mongolia;
- Chipululu cha Gobi - madera kupitirira Altai.
Padziko lonse lapansi, magawo anayi ang'onoang'ono amatha kusiyanitsidwa, omwe ndi malo a ngamila zakutchire. Malo okhalamo nyama zomwe zimakwezedwa ndi anthu ndizochulukirapo.
Amakhala m'zipululu komanso m'malo ouma a Algeria, Arabia Peninsula, Iran ndi mayiko ena akum'mawa. Ngamila zimakhalanso kuzilumba za Canary, India ndi Australia. Bactrian, ngamila ya bactrian yoweta, amakhala makamaka ku Manchuria ndi madera ena a Asia Minor.
Zakudya zabwino
Ponena za chakudya, ngamila ndizodzichepetsa kwathunthu, chifukwa m'chipululu ndizosowa kwambiri kupeza chakudya chomwe makamaka nyama zakutchire chimadya. Ngamila azolowera kudya zomera zamitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso mitundu, ndipo amatha masiku angapo osadya.
Mitundu yotsatirayi ingadyedwe ndi ngamila:
- saxaul - nthambi;
- udzu watsopano komanso wowuma, wowotcha;
- khola;
- masamba a popula;
- msuzi wamatsenga;
- ngamila-ngamila;
- zitsamba.
Ngamila zimatha kugaya ngakhale chakudya chosadyeka - mwachitsanzo, minga. Kuphatikiza apo, dongosolo lawo lakugaya chakudya limayendetsa zinthu zomwe zikubwera komanso limatulutsa ulusi wazakudya.
Nyama zimayamba kugwiritsa ntchito masamba a msondodzi ndi bango nyengo yozizira ikayamba. Nthawi zambiri, kukazizira kwambiri, a Bactrian amatha kudya osati chakudya chomera chokha, komanso zikopa za nyama zakufa.
Komanso ngamila ndizodzichepetsa pokhudzana ndi madzi. Kwa nthawi yopitilira sabata, nyamayo siyiyeneranso kudzaza madzi ake, bola ngati idya udzu watsopano. Koma akasupe akabwera panjira, ngamila imamwa madzi ambiri - mpaka malita 130 amadzi. Ngamila zakunyumba zikufunafuna madzi abwino, ndipo haptagai wamtchire amatha kupitiliranso ndi madzi omwe amachokera m'madamu am'madzi.
Zakudya za nyama zimatha kusiyanasiyana kutengera komwe mumakhala. Nyama zowetedwa ndi anthu, kuwonjezera pa zakudya zazomera, zidayamba kudya masamba ndi zipatso zamtundu wina, komanso silage ndi tirigu.
Ngamila zili ndi dongosolo labwino logaya chakudya lomwe limatha kusinthanitsa ngakhale chakudya chowawa kwambiri. Zakudya zonse zimamezedwa bwinobwino, theka kugayidwa, kenako kulavulidwa, kenako ngamira imayamba kutafuna. Ngamila ikulavulira osati malovu ochuluka ngati tinthu ting'onoting'ono ta chingamu chodya.
Amakhulupirira kuti ma dromedaries ndiwosavuta kudya - amatha kudya zakudya zamasamba, pomwe ngamila za bactrian zimadya zikopa za nyama ndi mafupa nthawi yozizira.
Njala ya nyama izi si vuto. Munthawi zoterezi, nyama zimawonjezera kupulumuka. Kwa nyama yayikulu, nthawi yasala kudya ndimasiku pafupifupi 30. Nthawi yonseyi, thupi lake limalandira michere kuchokera kumalo osungidwa omwe amathiramo humps.
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo
Pa nthawi yovutayi, yomwe imayamba kugwa, ngamila zamphongo zimakhala zolimba komanso mwamphamvu. Amatha kuvulaza kwambiri munthu, akamakankha, kuluma komanso kubangula kwambiri, komanso amathamangira uku ndi uku. Ngamila zimamenya nkhondo ndi adani awo, ndipo nthawi zambiri m'modzi amamwalira.
Pamaulendo apaulendo, pofuna kuteteza anthu, amavala bandeji zamitundu yowala pangamila, kuchenjeza zaukali wa nyama, kapena amaika ngamila pa leash. Ngamila zakutchire zimadziwika ndi nkhanza kwa abale awo, koma zoweta ndi anthu.
Amatha kuukira gulu ndikuchotsa zazikazi zingapo, koma izi zidachitikapo kale. Masiku ano anthu amagwiritsa ntchito zoletsa.
Pambuyo pa ngamila, ng'ombeyo imaswa miyezi khumi ndi itatu pambuyo pake. Nthawi zambiri, ziweto zomwe zimabadwa zimafikira pachimake - mchaka choyamba ndi chachiwiri. Monga akadyamsonga, ngamila zimabereka zili chilili.
Mwana wobadwa ndi wamkulu kwambiri - pafupifupi kulemera kwa nyama yatsopano ndi pafupifupi makilogalamu 45. Pambuyo pa maola 2-3 kuchokera pa nthawi yobadwa, mwanayo amatsatira mayi ndi gulu lake.
Kudyetsa kumachitika mpaka zaka 1.5. Ngamila zimakula pambuyo pa zaka 3-5 kuyambira pomwe adabadwa, kenako kutha msinkhu kumayamba. Lero ndikofunikira kukulitsa kuchuluka kwa haptagai wamtchire kuti nyamayi isazimiririka. Ku Mongolia ndi China, madera otetezedwa apangidwa kuti achite izi ndipo akutenga njira zoweta haptagai.
Bactrian, kumbali inayo, akhala akukhalamo kwanthawi yayitali ndipo kuchuluka kwawo sikukuwopsezedwa. Nyama izi zimabweretsa zabwino zambiri kwa munthu, sizimangonyamula katundu zokha, komanso zimapatsa mkaka, khungu ndi nyama. Kuphatikiza apo, a Bactrian amatenga nawo mbali pamasewera a sewero.
Ngamila ndi nyama yopanda ulemu kwambiri, yokhoza kukhala ndi moyo ngakhale itakhala yovuta kwambiri. Sangokhala popanda madzi ndi chakudya kwa nthawi yayitali, komanso amatha kupulumuka mkuntho wamphamvu wamchenga, zomwe zimachepetsa ntchito yake mpaka zero.
